Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using a sugar manager!

[Guest guest]

sy, Harry sent me the carb list and I am trying to get help to open it. a

friend is coming over this afternoon. she is blind but very good at the

computer. I am hoping to at least get the carb count and learn to go from

there. yesterday I had lovely readings except for the first in the morning

today not so go. one step at a time right?

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>>> using

>>>>> a

>>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>>

>>>>>

>>>>> >

>>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>>>>> small piece > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such,

>>>>> each day if I manage

>>>

>>>>> to

>>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>>> You

>>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>>> *cromium*

>>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>>>>> so

>>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

> to

>>>>> keep

>>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>>> advise.

>>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>

>>>>> that

>>>>> he

>>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>>> >

>>>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, Harry sent me the carb list and I am trying to get help to open it. a

friend is coming over this afternoon. she is blind but very good at the

computer. I am hoping to at least get the carb count and learn to go from

there. yesterday I had lovely readings except for the first in the morning

today not so go. one step at a time right?

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>>> using

>>>>> a

>>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>>

>>>>>

>>>>> >

>>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>>>>> small piece > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such,

>>>>> each day if I manage

>>>

>>>>> to

>>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>>> You

>>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>>> *cromium*

>>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>>>>> so

>>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

> to

>>>>> keep

>>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>>> advise.

>>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>

>>>>> that

>>>>> he

>>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>>> >

>>>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, Harry sent me the carb list and I am trying to get help to open it. a

friend is coming over this afternoon. she is blind but very good at the

computer. I am hoping to at least get the carb count and learn to go from

there. yesterday I had lovely readings except for the first in the morning

today not so go. one step at a time right?

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>>> using

>>>>> a

>>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>>

>>>>>

>>>>> >

>>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>>>>> small piece > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such,

>>>>> each day if I manage

>>>

>>>>> to

>>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>>> You

>>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>>> *cromium*

>>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>>>>> so

>>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

> to

>>>>> keep

>>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>>> advise.

>>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>

>>>>> that

>>>>> he

>>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>>> >

>>>>> >

[Guest guest]

, If you are running h igh because of an emotional upset, you still

need to get your BG down or you will run high all day. When I have

something happen that upsets me and I know it is going to go away, I take

half the amount of insulin I would take if the high was from food.

Sometimes when you have a high because of emotions, your body needs the

extra calories and partially uses some of the sugar to " fight " the upset,

then can suddenely drop. But if the high is really high, you need some

insulin to get it down.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using

a sugar manager!

sy, if i only had a high for the last two mornings and i know the reason for

the high would not be reason to do this check just yet would it? i had an

emotional upset which i know will throw off things. i think i just need the

dust to settle before i do any changes with the insulin dont you think?

karen

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>> using

>>>> a

>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>

>>>>

>>>> >

>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that small

>>>> piece

>>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

>>>> manage

>>

>>>> to

>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>> You

>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>> *cromium*

>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a day,

>>>> so

>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments to

>>>> keep

>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>> advise.

>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>>>> that

>>>> he

>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>> >

>>>> >

[Guest guest]

, If you are running h igh because of an emotional upset, you still

need to get your BG down or you will run high all day. When I have

something happen that upsets me and I know it is going to go away, I take

half the amount of insulin I would take if the high was from food.

Sometimes when you have a high because of emotions, your body needs the

extra calories and partially uses some of the sugar to " fight " the upset,

then can suddenely drop. But if the high is really high, you need some

insulin to get it down.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using

a sugar manager!

sy, if i only had a high for the last two mornings and i know the reason for

the high would not be reason to do this check just yet would it? i had an

emotional upset which i know will throw off things. i think i just need the

dust to settle before i do any changes with the insulin dont you think?

karen

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>> using

>>>> a

>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>

>>>>

>>>> >

>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that small

>>>> piece

>>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

>>>> manage

>>

>>>> to

>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>> You

>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>> *cromium*

>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a day,

>>>> so

>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments to

>>>> keep

>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>> advise.

>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>>>> that

>>>> he

>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>> >

>>>> >

[Guest guest]

, If you are running h igh because of an emotional upset, you still

need to get your BG down or you will run high all day. When I have

something happen that upsets me and I know it is going to go away, I take

half the amount of insulin I would take if the high was from food.

Sometimes when you have a high because of emotions, your body needs the

extra calories and partially uses some of the sugar to " fight " the upset,

then can suddenely drop. But if the high is really high, you need some

insulin to get it down.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using

a sugar manager!

sy, if i only had a high for the last two mornings and i know the reason for

the high would not be reason to do this check just yet would it? i had an

emotional upset which i know will throw off things. i think i just need the

dust to settle before i do any changes with the insulin dont you think?

karen

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>> using

>>>> a

>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>

>>>>

>>>> >

>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that small

>>>> piece

>>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

>>>> manage

>>

>>>> to

>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>> You

>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>> *cromium*

>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a day,

>>>> so

>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments to

>>>> keep

>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>> advise.

>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>>>> that

>>>> he

>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>> >

>>>> >

[Guest guest]

You are right, but you still need to get it down-see first response. That

is a terrible thing to have to go through. You have my sympathy, believe

me.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using

a sugar manager!

, last night my reading was five point something. this morning it

was thirteen. in the mean time I got an email about a funeral of a friend.

her husband found out in January he had cancer and he was to retire this

June. well they buried him yesterday. I know what this is like as my husband

of twenty five years died and the pain of losing a loved one. it just

brought a lot of things to home for me. and the news I had been getting was

from a friend who we meet go to a grievance class. so I wake this morning

with a high sugar. I know my body and understand this will upset my sugar

because I am human. it generally goes even higher under these

circumstances.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet

>>>>>>>>>>>> stuff

>>>>>>>>>>>> using a sugar manager!

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>> harry, why are our doctors so misinformed? no wonder the

>>>>>>>>>>>>> patient

>>>>>>>>>>>>> is

>>>>>>>>>>>>> confused. thanks, karen from canada

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

[Guest guest]

You are right, but you still need to get it down-see first response. That

is a terrible thing to have to go through. You have my sympathy, believe

me.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using

a sugar manager!

, last night my reading was five point something. this morning it

was thirteen. in the mean time I got an email about a funeral of a friend.

her husband found out in January he had cancer and he was to retire this

June. well they buried him yesterday. I know what this is like as my husband

of twenty five years died and the pain of losing a loved one. it just

brought a lot of things to home for me. and the news I had been getting was

from a friend who we meet go to a grievance class. so I wake this morning

with a high sugar. I know my body and understand this will upset my sugar

because I am human. it generally goes even higher under these

circumstances.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet

>>>>>>>>>>>> stuff

>>>>>>>>>>>> using a sugar manager!

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>> harry, why are our doctors so misinformed? no wonder the

>>>>>>>>>>>>> patient

>>>>>>>>>>>>> is

>>>>>>>>>>>>> confused. thanks, karen from canada

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

[Guest guest]

You are right, but you still need to get it down-see first response. That

is a terrible thing to have to go through. You have my sympathy, believe

me.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet stuff using

a sugar manager!

, last night my reading was five point something. this morning it

was thirteen. in the mean time I got an email about a funeral of a friend.

her husband found out in January he had cancer and he was to retire this

June. well they buried him yesterday. I know what this is like as my husband

of twenty five years died and the pain of losing a loved one. it just

brought a lot of things to home for me. and the news I had been getting was

from a friend who we meet go to a grievance class. so I wake this morning

with a high sugar. I know my body and understand this will upset my sugar

because I am human. it generally goes even higher under these

circumstances.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet

>>>>>>>>>>>> stuff

>>>>>>>>>>>> using a sugar manager!

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>> harry, why are our doctors so misinformed? no wonder the

>>>>>>>>>>>>> patient

>>>>>>>>>>>>> is

>>>>>>>>>>>>> confused. thanks, karen from canada

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>>

[Guest guest]

, remember exercise is the bset way to relieve stress.

Victor

H<-

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

> >>>> using

> >>>> a

> >>>> sugar manager!

> >>>>

> >>>>

> >>>> >

> >>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that small

> >>>> piece

> >>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

> >>>> manage

> >>

> >>>> to

> >>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

> >>>> You

> >>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

> >>>> *cromium*

> >>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

day,

> >>>> so

> >>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments to

> >>>> keep

> >>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

> >>>> advise.

> >>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

> >>>> that

> >>>> he

> >>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

> >>>> >

> >>>> >

[Guest guest]

, remember exercise is the bset way to relieve stress.

Victor

H<-

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

> >>>> using

> >>>> a

> >>>> sugar manager!

> >>>>

> >>>>

> >>>> >

> >>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that small

> >>>> piece

> >>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

> >>>> manage

> >>

> >>>> to

> >>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

> >>>> You

> >>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

> >>>> *cromium*

> >>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

day,

> >>>> so

> >>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments to

> >>>> keep

> >>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

> >>>> advise.

> >>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

> >>>> that

> >>>> he

> >>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

> >>>> >

> >>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, yes I can see how it will take a while. you really have to know your

foods. I went down the carb list yesterday and got some surprises just

hearing the carb counts. forgot the reading last night my reading was so

good. and I just forgot to do the three a m reading and had a real high this

morning. so in the meantime I guess I will hop on the treadmill till I do

the pre lunch reading. thanks for your help,

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>>> using

>>>>> a

>>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>>

>>>>>

>>>>> >

>>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>>>>> small piece > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such,

>>>>> each day if I manage

>>>

>>>>> to

>>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>>> You

>>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>>> *cromium*

>>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>>>>> so

>>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

> to

>>>>> keep

>>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>>> advise.

>>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>

>>>>> that

>>>>> he

>>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>>> >

>>>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, yes I can see how it will take a while. you really have to know your

foods. I went down the carb list yesterday and got some surprises just

hearing the carb counts. forgot the reading last night my reading was so

good. and I just forgot to do the three a m reading and had a real high this

morning. so in the meantime I guess I will hop on the treadmill till I do

the pre lunch reading. thanks for your help,

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>>>>> using

>>>>> a

>>>>> sugar manager!

>>>>>

>>>>>

>>>>> >

>>>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>>>>> small piece > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such,

>>>>> each day if I manage

>>>

>>>>> to

>>>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>>>>> You

>>>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>>>>> *cromium*

>>>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>>>>> so

>>>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

> to

>>>>> keep

>>>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>>>>> advise.

>>>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>

>>>>> that

>>>>> he

>>>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>>>>> >

>>>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, i really try to keep a handle on things. i am really good at keeping

things inside which is likely bad. i think i am cool on the outside but an

emotional high gets to me inside. this happens over years i believe. likely

from the work days when stress is part of the daily activities. what i am

saying is i have no idea how i will react so taking extra insulin based on

an unknown is more that i can comprehend? does this make sense? karen

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>> >>>> using

>> >>>> a

>> >>>> sugar manager!

>> >>>>

>> >>>>

>> >>>> >

>> >>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>> >>>> small

>> >>>> piece

>> >>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

>> >>>> manage

>> >>

>> >>>> to

>> >>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>> >>>> You

>> >>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>> >>>> *cromium*

>> >>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>> >>>> so

>> >>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

>> >>>> to

>> >>>> keep

>> >>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>> >>>> advise.

>> >>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>> >>>> that

>> >>>> he

>> >>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>> >>>> >

>> >>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, i really try to keep a handle on things. i am really good at keeping

things inside which is likely bad. i think i am cool on the outside but an

emotional high gets to me inside. this happens over years i believe. likely

from the work days when stress is part of the daily activities. what i am

saying is i have no idea how i will react so taking extra insulin based on

an unknown is more that i can comprehend? does this make sense? karen

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>> >>>> using

>> >>>> a

>> >>>> sugar manager!

>> >>>>

>> >>>>

>> >>>> >

>> >>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>> >>>> small

>> >>>> piece

>> >>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

>> >>>> manage

>> >>

>> >>>> to

>> >>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>> >>>> You

>> >>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>> >>>> *cromium*

>> >>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>> >>>> so

>> >>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

>> >>>> to

>> >>>> keep

>> >>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>> >>>> advise.

>> >>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>> >>>> that

>> >>>> he

>> >>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>> >>>> >

>> >>>> >

[Guest guest]

sy, i really try to keep a handle on things. i am really good at keeping

things inside which is likely bad. i think i am cool on the outside but an

emotional high gets to me inside. this happens over years i believe. likely

from the work days when stress is part of the daily activities. what i am

saying is i have no idea how i will react so taking extra insulin based on

an unknown is more that i can comprehend? does this make sense? karen

how much can I have of the sweet stuff

>> >>>> using

>> >>>> a

>> >>>> sugar manager!

>> >>>>

>> >>>>

>> >>>> >

>> >>>> > I am wondering, as the subject indicates, if I can have that

>> >>>> small

>> >>>> piece

>> >>>> > of pie or say a couple of sweet cookies, or such, each day if I

>> >>>> manage

>> >>

>> >>>> to

>> >>>> > keep my sugars down by taking say, some Metformen, or the like?

>> >>>> You

>> >>>> > know, enough to keep down the suger levels. BTW, I am trying a

>> >>>> *cromium*

>> >>>> > tablet that states on the bottle, that I should only take one a

> day,

>> >>>> so

>> >>>> > has anyone on list tried some of these natural food suppliments

>> >>>> to

>> >>>> keep

>> >>>> > the dreded sugar down? I'm a type two diabetic. Thanks for any

>> >>>> advise.

>> >>>> > Ken b in toronto hoever comes to god must believe that he is and

>> >>>> that

>> >>>> he

>> >>>> > is a rewarder of those that dilagently seek him!

>> >>>> >

>> >>>> >

[Guest guest]

To figure out the ratio takes some trial and error and practice. the

mathematical procedure is the same no matter what. Let us say that you will

consume 20 grams of carbs. If you are using a 1:6 ratio, then you would use

slightly more than 3 units of Humalog units. To get this ratio simply

divide the total number of carbs consumed by the number of units of Humalog

insulin used. In this case it would amount to 3 and one third, since 20

divided by 6 goes into it 3 times with a remainder of 2 or 2/6, which equals

one third.

If you are figuring a ratio of 1:4, then divide the 20 grams of carbs by 4

to get the number of 5 units of Humalog insulin required. If it is a 1:5

ratio then divide the number of carbs by 5 to get the number of 4 units of

Humalog required. If it is a 1:7 ratio simply divide the 20 grams of carbs

to get the number of 2 and 6/7 units required or slightly less than 3 units

of Humalog required to handle the carbs consumed.

For type 1 diabetics it is usually recommended to start by always consuming

a set number of carbs at each meal. In fact this is the recommended

procedure for any diabetic. To figure the ratio is easier to do, if one

uses a set number of grams of carbs consumed at each meal. You will find

that it will vary due to the dawn effect, in other words the time of day the

measurement is taken and also will vary due to the kind and amount of

exercise one does that day and the previous day. Infections and accidents

or stress and even the weather can alter the ratio. For these reasons that

is why it is important to get several measurements over a period of time and

under varying conditions. In dosing Humalog it is recommended to stick with

15 grams of carbs consumed and use 1 unit of Humalog as a start, since for

many type 1 diabetics, who have little or no insulin resistance, it usually

takes around 1 unit of Humalog to handle 15 grams of carbs. This is a safe

starting ratio 1:15. For type 2 diabetics, who usually have insulin

resistance, more insulin is required or else a lower ratio is required. In

my case I have a lot of insulin resistance due to being a chronic sugar

addict for most of my life and chronic abuse or over use of sugar and high

carb foods. For every 2 grams of carbs I consume it takes approximately 1

unit of Humalog or in my case a ratio of 1:2. In my case this means that if

I consume 15 grams of carbs, I will require around 7 or 8 units of Humalog

insulin to handle them. If I consume 20 grams of carbs, it requires around

10 units of Humalog. If I consume 45 grams of carbvs it requires around 22

or 23 units of Humalog to deal with them. In dosing Humalog and consuming

carbs it is important to remember the higher the number is, the more drastic

the mistake can be. It is also important to know that high insulin usage is

not good for the body. Insulin can cause inflamation in the arteries and

organs. However to master blood sugar levels it takes what ever it takes.

Re: how much can I have of the sweet

>>>>>>>>>> stuff

>>>>>>>>>> using a sugar manager!

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>> harry, why are our doctors so misinformed? no wonder the patient

>>>>>>>>>>> is

>>>>>>>>>>> confused. thanks, karen from canada

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>>