Re: The significance of vasoactive intestinal Peptide /question

[Guest guest]

Hi - Thank you as always for these abstracts - I

appreciate all of them so much. I had questions about

a detail in this post so I can understand it a little

better...

I'm having a mental block apparently or just never

knew - is CFS a shift to a TH2 response? What does it

mean " role as a TH2 cytokine " ? I guess I'm trying to

figure out what it would do for our immune systems.

Which way does the 'shift' usually go? (I mean do we

tend to shift to a TH2 response?)

Thanks-

--- " 1raptor @ " <wrote:

> Pharmacol Rev. 2004 Jun;56(2):249-90.

> The significance of vasoactive intestinal Peptide in

> immunomodulation.

> The aim of this review is firstly to update our

> knowledge of the cellular

> and molecular events relevant to VIP function on the

> immune system and

> secondly to gather together recent data that support

> its role as a type 2

> cytokine.

__________________________________

[Guest guest]

----Original Message Follows----

From: <thecolemans4@...>

Hi - Thank you as always for these abstracts - I

appreciate all of them so much. I had questions about

a detail in this post so I can understand it a little

better...

I'm having a mental block apparently or just never

knew - is CFS a shift to a TH2 response? What does it

mean " role as a TH2 cytokine " ? I guess I'm trying to

figure out what it would do for our immune systems.

Which way does the 'shift' usually go? (I mean do we

tend to shift to a TH2 response?)

Thanks-

I had a feeling that might make it confusing,lol. There is actually a lot

more to it depending on the type of immune response, the receptors, etc.

The main point is that it's involved in both innate and adaptive immunity.

: J Leukoc Biol. 2004 Jun;75(6):1122-30. Epub 2004 Mar 12.

VIP/PACAP oppositely affects immature and mature dendritic cell expression

of CD80/CD86 and the stimulatory activity for CD4+ T cells.

Delgado M, Reduta A, Sharma V, Ganea D.

Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07102.

dganea@...

The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary

adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) released within lymphoid

organs from nerve terminals and/or immune cells play a significant,

anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting macrophage-induced inflammatory

reactions and promoting T helper cell type 2 (Th2) responses.

However, dendritic cells (DC) and not macrophages often are the major

antigen-presenting cells and link between innate and adaptive immunity.

The role of VIP/PACAP in DC development and function is mostly unknown.

Here, we report that bone marrow-derived DC express VIP/PACAP receptors and

that VIP and PACAP exert a differential effect on immature DC (iDC) and

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DC.

In iDC, VIP/PACAP up-regulates CD86 expression and enables them to stimulate

T cell proliferation and differentiation into Th2 effectors in vivo and in

vitro.

In contrast, VIP/PACAP down-regulates CD80/CD86 expression in LPS-stimulated

DC and strongly reduces their capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation and

secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines.

The VIP/PACAP effects on iDC and LPS-stimulated DC are mediated primarily

through the VIP receptor 1.

These results indicate that neuropeptides such as VIP and PACAP can

differentially affect the function of iDC and mature DC.

In the absence of an ongoing immune response, VIP/PACAP contributes to the

initiation of Th2-type immunity, whereas in the presence of a full-blown,

inflammatory reaction, VIP/PACAP act as anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID: 15020654 [PubMed - in process]

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[Guest guest]

So (to make sure I understand to some extent haha)

that means it improves TH2 response so that it can

actually accomplish it's job without staying " turned

on " and triggering so much inflammation? (As well as

reducing inflammation).

(Thanks for helping to understand). Also, another

question below:

--- Cheryl B <clbro66@...> wrote:

> The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide

> (VIP) and pituitary

> adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)

> released within lymphoid

> organs from nerve terminals and/or immune cells play

> a significant,

> anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting

> macrophage-induced inflammatory

> reactions and promoting T helper cell type 2 (Th2)

> responses.

******** Is there any similarity to this function to

Singular?

__________________________________

[Guest guest]

--- In , <thecolemans4@y...>

wrote:

> So (to make sure I understand to some extent haha)

> that means it improves TH2 response so that it can

> actually accomplish it's job without staying " turned

> on " and triggering so much inflammation? (As well as

> reducing inflammation).

>

> (Thanks for helping to understand). Also, another

> question below:

>

> > The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide

> > (VIP) and pituitary

> > adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)

> > released within lymphoid

> > organs from nerve terminals and/or immune cells play

> > a significant,

> > anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting

> > macrophage-induced inflammatory

> > reactions and promoting T helper cell type 2 (Th2)

> > responses.

>

>

> ******** Is there any similarity to this function to

> Singular?

>

Singular helps Th2 type allergies but that's about the only

similarity because the mechanisms & pathways are completely

different.