Re: Three-week diet/exercise study shows 50 % reversal in metabolic syndrome, Type 2 DM

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> Public release date: 9-Jan-2006

>

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-01/aps-tds010606.php

>

> Contact: Guilfoy

> cguilfoy@...

>

> American Physiological Society

>

> Three-week diet/exercise study shows 50 percent

> reversal in metabolic

> syndrome, Type 2 diabetes

>

> Obese and overweight individuals suffering metabolic

> syndrome and Type 2

> diabetes showed significant health improvements

> after only three weeks

> of diet and moderate exercise even though the

> participants remained

> overweight.

>

> " The study shows, contrary to common belief, that

> Type 2 diabetes and

> metabolic syndrome can be reversed solely through

> lifestyle changes, "

> according to lead researcher Christian of

> University of

> California, Los Angeles.

>

> " This regimen reversed a clinical diagnosis of Type

> 2 diabetes or

> metabolic syndrome in about half the participants

> who had either of

> those conditions. However, the regimen may not have

> reversed damage such

> as plaque development in the arteries, "

> said. " However, if Type

> 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome continue to be

> controlled, further

> damage would likely be minimized and it's plausible

> that continuing to

> follow the program long-term may result in reversal

> of atherosclerosis. "

>

> " The results are all the more interesting because

> the changes occurred

> in the absence of major weight loss, challenging the

> commonly held

> belief that individuals must normalize their weight

> before achieving

> health benefits, " said. Participants did

> lose two to three

> pounds per week, but they were still obese after the

> 3-week study.

>

> The study, " Effect of a diet and exercise

> intervention on oxidative

> stress, inflammation, MMP-9, and monocyte

> chemotactic activity in men

> with metabolic syndrome factors, " is in the online

> edition of the

> Journal of Applied Physiology published by the

> American Physiological

> Society. Researchers were Christian K. , Dean

> Won, Sandeep

> Pruthi, Silvia Kurtovic, and R. Barnard, all

> of UCLA; Ram K.

> Sindhu of R. Drew University, Los Angeles;

> and Nosratola D.

> Vaziri of University of California, Irvine.

>

> The study involved 31 men who ate a high-fiber,

> low-fat diet with no

> limit to the number of calories they could consume.

> The participants

> also did 45-60 minutes of aerobic exercise per day

> on a treadmill.

>

> Fifteen of the men had metabolic syndrome, a

> condition that is

> characterized by excessive abdominal fat, insulin

> resistance, and blood

> fat disorders such as high levels of triglycerides

> (fat in the blood) or

> low levels of HDL (high density lipoprotein, or

> " good " cholesterol).

> Thirteen of the participants had Type 2 diabetes.

> There was also some

> overlap between the two groups and some participants

> who had neither

> metabolic syndrome nor Type 2 diabetes, but were

> overweight or obese.

>

> " The diet, combined with moderate exercise, improved

> many factors that

> contribute to heart disease and that are indirect

> measures of plaque

> progression in the arteries, including insulin

> resistance, high

> cholesterol, and markers of developing

> atherosclerosis, " said.

> " The approach used in this experiment of combining

> exercise with a diet

> of unlimited calories is unusual. "

>

> Low-calorie foods

>

> The participants in the current study, who ranged in

> age from 46 to 76

> years old, took part in a 21-day residential program

> at the Pritikin

> Longevity Center, formerly in Santa ,

> combining the Pritikin diet

> and exercise program. The daily diet was low fat

> (12-15% of calories),

> moderate protein (15-20% of calories), and high in

> unrefined

> carbohydrates (65-70% of calories) and fiber (more

> than 40 grams).

>

> Natural foods -- whole grains (five or more servings

> daily), vegetables

> (four or more servings), and fruits (three or more

> servings) -- were the

> main source of daily carbohydrates. The sources of

> protein were plants

> (such as soy, beans, and nuts), nonfat dairy (up to

> two servings daily),

> and fish and poultry (3.5-ounce portion once a week

> and in soups and

> casseroles twice a week). The remainder of the

> calories came from fat

> with a polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio

> of 2.4 to 1.

>

> " Aside from meat and dairy, the study participants

> could eat as much as

> they wanted, " said. " Because the food was

> not as high calorie as

> a typical American diet, the participants ate less

> before feeling full.

> This is a departure from most diets, which usually

> leave the dieter

> feeling hungry, " he said.

>

> The men also exercised daily on a treadmill,

> including level and graded

> walking, for 45-60 minutes. The exercise program was

> tailored to ensure

> each individual reached 70-85% of maximum heart

> rate.

>

> Next steps

>

> Trials outside the laboratory environment are needed

> to test the regimen

> in the general population. " The findings are likely

> generalizable,

> although the magnitude of change is proportional to

> the degree of

> abnormality when the person begins the regimen, "

> added.

>

> Scientists also need to determine whether long-term

> lifestyle change can

> prevent or reverse end-organ damage noted in those

> with metabolic

> syndrome or Type 2 diabetes, said. These

> changes may be

> difficult to make but the payoff for individuals and

> society could be

> enormous.

>

> Further studies are also needed in those who are at

> risk for metabolic

> syndrome or Type 2 diabetes. Individuals should

> still be tested to see

> if Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome can be

> prevented in the first

> place. Individuals may be considered healthy before

> developing metabolic

> syndrome but looking healthy does not necessarily

> mean being healthy, he

> noted.

>

> ###

>

> Source and funding

>

> " Effect of a diet and exercise intervention on

> oxidative stress,

> inflammation, MMP-9, and monocyte chemotactic

> activity

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