good article

[Guest guest]

MK

I hadn't seen it. Thanks for sharing. It was very good! Wish they

would print that article in some major women's magazine!

Hugs, Kathy

-- In , " mkkinzy1 " <mkkinzy@...> wrote:

>

> I am sure a lot of you may have already read this article. I hadn't

> read it until today and found it really motivating. Here is the

link

> http://www.kariwuhrer.net/glamourmag.html

>

> Hugs,

> MK

>

[Guest guest]

Here is an interesting article.

Hope all are well. I'm doing much better since having moved.

Lori

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[Guest guest]

Hello Donna, I got it from the Allergy Research vitamins site, It was

written by a DO, You can go to there site, AllergyResearch.com and look it

up. I am not at my office do look at the full article. I thought it was

wonderful

On my hyperbaricoxygen@... group I have posted other articles on

probiotics as well.

Please join the group at .com

Thank you God bless

CHT

www.hbot4u.com

Re: [ ] Good Article

,

This was an excellent article. I couldn't tell where it was published. I'd

like to quote it, do you have that info?

Thanks tons!

On Fri, Oct 16, 2009 at 11:27 PM, SUSAN RODRIGUEZ <hyperbaric1@...

> wrote:

>

>

> A Novel Approach to Treating Depression

> How Probiotics Can Shift Mood by Modulating Cytokines

> By E. Ash, B.S.c. (Hons) D.O. N.D. F.Dip ION

> From our early days in utero until we die, the ability of the GI tract to

> renew and replenish itself and maintain a stable relationship with

> trillions

> of bacteria is astounding. On a typical day the innate immune system of

> our

> gastrointestinal tract will process more immunological information than

> the

> rest of our body in its entire lifetime. It's an absolute immunological

> miracle we can consume antigenic particles of food and not drop down dead

> every time we do so.

> In fact, the joy of modifying the gut mucosal immune system is that we can

> at the same time treat urinary, respiratory, inner ear and oral tissue.

> Gut

> originating immune molecules migrate out through the lymphatic tissue and

> influence the vagal nerve to deliver information systemically. Mucosal

> immunity is the key to gut health, overall immune balance, and even brain

> function and mood. It's this last I am reporting on in this article, for

> gut

> immunity and neuro-immunity are intimately bound, sharing the same

> receptors

> and the same signals. Information that initiates in the gut ends up in the

> brain and vice versa, providing a comprehensive cross talk between the two

> sets of tissues.

> I have discovered that tweaking the immune system through very careful use

> of targeted, strain specific probiotics is a novel and effective treatment

> for atypical depression-the most common subtype of depression and the form

> most commonly seen in women today. I have arrived at this unusual approach

> after 26 years of practice as an osteopath, naturopath and clinical

> nutritionist treating over 10,000 patients. I believe many clinicians

> today

> consider probiotics in the same manner that medicine looked at antibiotics

> back in the 1950's: with little regard for strain specificity, timing and

> dose. Here I report on the very specific reasons why probiotics can treat

> depression, how to stage their successive application, and why timing,

> dosing, and delivery mechanisms of probiotics are key to their effective

> use.

> The Gut-Brain Dialogue

> So how in the world might probiotics-friendly gut organisms-treat

> depression? In a few words: cytokines, inflammation and immune response.

> Cytokines are messenger molecules that regulate our inflammatory and

> immune

> response. They operate continuously throughout our entire body and

> profoundly influence neuro-endocrine functioning. Depression has been

> linked

> with altered levels of cytokines like IL-1, IL-6 and TNF?, the

> inflammatory

> cytokine. Interleukin-1B is linked to dysthymia (low grade, chronic

> depression).

> A good reliable set of bowels is worth more to a man than any quantity of

> brains. - Henry Wheeler Shaw, American aphorist

> The gut-brain link was first seriously suggested by Dr. Julius

> Wagner-Jauregg, the only psychiatrist to have won a Nobel Prize back in

> 1927

> (for medicine). He wrote; " Biological mediators primarily designed to

> combat

> pathogens may affect the course of psychiatric disorders. " Way before

> cytokines were discovered this clinician described how innate immune

> cytokines influence virtually every pathophysiological domain relevant to

> depression including monoamine neurotransmission, tryptophan metabolism,

> neuroendocrine function, synaptic plasticity and regional brain

> metabolism.

> There is a well defined correlation between the severity of depression and

> the levels of TNF?. Patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome and

> sleep apnea will show excessive blood levels of TNF? (see NO/ONOO-: A

> Brief

> Summary of the Work of Pall, Ph.D.). And when patients with cancer,

> multiple sclerosis, or hepatitis C are given interferons or interleukins

> as

> part of their treatment as many as 40% develop depression.

> Animal studies have supported clinical observations in humans. When

> animals

> are injected with molecules that stimulate cytokines, they become

> lethargic,

> fatigued, and anorexic. This is called " sickness behavior " and is

> associated

> with acute and some types of chronic infections.

> The gut is a locus of many of these cytokines as the majority of our

> innate

> immune system is in the GI tract. The literature on the profound dialogue

> between the gut and the brain is surprisingly robust and at the same time,

> woefully under the mainstream radar.

> In a fascinating 2007 study in Brain, Behavior and Immunology, researchers

> found that when the gut releases molecules signaling local infection,

> anxiety is enhanced-most likely through the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve

> provides a neural highway from the neurons of the gut right into the

> brain.

> Researchers inoculated mice with the intestinal bug Campylobacter jejuni,

> and found that vagal sensory neurons as well as the hypothalamus, amygdala

> and other important brain areas associated with anxiety and stress were

> activated. Infected animals also showed more cautious behavior. The

> authors

> conclude that treating infection and inflammation in the gut may help

> symptoms like anxiety and depression.

> In another 2009, randomized, double-blind study in the European Journal of

> Clinical Nutrition, 39 patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome

> were

> given either placebo or probiotics. Two months of supplementation with

> probiotics was associated with a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms

> (p

> = 0.01, highly significant). In a 2007 study, consumption of

> yogurt-containing probiotics improved mood. This double blind placebo

> controlled trial explored 124 patients and found that mood improved in

> those

> who were initially depressed.

> How Pathogens Sing the Blues

> When our immune system encounters a gut pathogen, proteins on the

> pathogen's surface bind to specialized receptors. Inflammatory cytokine

> chemicals such as IL-1, IL-6 TNF? and the chemokine IL-8 are triggered.

> These in turn stimulate the inflammatory regulator, NF Kappa B. This is

> necessary for an aggressive immune response that will help eradicate that

> pathogen. The immune system when healthy has a series of checks and

> balances

> to contain the damage and return to a neutral state after eradication. But

> in chronic low-grade gut infection, or dysbiosis, there may be

> persistently

> variably elevated cytokines. These impact mood in a waxing and waning

> manner.

> The gut lining first needs to be matured through the selective use of

> probiotics that specifically stimulate SIgA, and must then be exposed to

> key

> strain specific probiotics.

> How important to our immune health are friendly gut bacteria? Immeasurably

> so. When rat pups were separated from their mother-causing extreme

> stress-and then reintroduced to their moms days later, their immune system

> was forever altered. They were permanently more sensitized to stress

> displaying high levels of anxiety. However, when rat pups were separated

> and

> provided probiotics, and then returned to their mothers, their immune

> system

> was equal to that of their never-separated peers and were no more anxious

> than their non-separated siblings. This shows how profoundly important our

> gut biota is-to both immunity and mood. Our microbiota not only live with

> us, they carry an enormous skill set that helps us navigate life, from

> release of key nutrients to modulation of our immune system. We are a

> giant

> two-legged petri dish, more efficient at keeping our bacterial companions

> alive than any other medium on earth. To celebrate this unique ecological

> niche they provide a range of immune specific effects and help us to

> safely

> navigate a threatening world of pathogens and antigens.

>

> In addition, serotonin levels can be impaired by chronic gut pathogens.

> Certain pathogens including bacteria, and viruses favor tryptophan as a

> primary fuel source. The body may recognize that tryptophan starvation

> (through the release of a specialized enzyme) is an effective strategy to

> help suppress and eliminate that pathogen. However, reduced tryptophan

> means

> reduced levels of the feel-good neurotransmitter, serotonin. And

> prescribing

> an SSRI in this situation can mean that increased circulating levels of

> serotonin will go right into the gut. The majority of serotonin receptors

> in

> the GI tract promote peristalsis-so, like many on SSRI's, you may get

> diarrhea. In turn, the induction of inflammatory cytokines in response to

> increased levels of the pathogen will cause further mind-body disturbance

> by

> preventing the uptake of serotonin at the synapses because of inflammatory

> enzymatic binding.

> You can see the exquisitely complex dance of pathogens and the

> neuroendocrine and immune system. The common thread of chronic illness is

> persistent, low-grade inflammation and disturbed cytokine patterns. Not

> surprisingly, a response to conventional antidepressant medications is

> associated with a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers.

> A Little Help from My Friends

> And so we come to probiotics-which by regulating cytokine levels in the

> gut, can influence infection and inflammation throughout the body, and

> even

> help balance brain function and mood. In recent years the interface

> between

> neuropsychiatry and gastroenterology has converged into a new discipline

> referred to as enteric neuroscience. Emerging studies have shown that

> intestinal bacteria can directly communicate with the central nervous

> system

> by way of the vagal sensory nerve fibers and the peripheral immune system.

> If we understand how potent a neuro-immune effect probiotics can have, we

> can use them in a stepwise fashion to tickle and coax our immune system

> into

> a state of tolerance and ideal, balanced responsiveness. And because the

> immune and nervous systems are intimately entwined, our brains will

> respond

> as well.

> Think of probiotics as old friends-gentle protectors and supporters with

> whom you began your life's journey. Your own personal microbiota is your

> own

> symphony, one that begins the moment you're born (actually, it may even

> begin before you're born, since the cord blood of caesarean born infants

> carries at least sixteen different species of bacteria). It is influenced

> by

> your diet, medications, your geography, and your genetics.

> In ideal circumstances, you inherit healthy lactobacilli from your

> mother's

> vaginal canal, and breastfeeding provides you with immunoglobulins, Bifido

> species and antibodies that help your gut lining mature properly, learning

> tolerance and balance. Those first months of your life may establish a

> 'setpoint' for immune susceptibility that is key to health. If you were

> born

> caesarean but breastfed, you will slowly catch up to your natural-born

> peers

> but it may take as long as two years. But if you were fed formula, your

> gut

> biota may not be ideal. You may be more likely to suffer from allergies or

> immune-related issues. Add in early and frequent antibiotic treatment and

> a

> diet of pre-biotic deficient, processed foods and you may now have a gut

> lining that was never given the opportunity to mature properly. Your core

> microbiota, which you will carry through your life, is essentially

> established by age two but has remarkable plasticity as well, responding

> both positively and negatively to medications and probiotics.

> In treating patients, the first thing to do is take a complete

> history-back

> to birth. It's very important to know that early history during those

> formative months and years, as it will help guide your treatment protocol.

> However, you can't just take a handful of probiotic capsules containing

> variable strains and expect to regain your health. The principle function

> of

> a probiotic is as an immune modulator but some strains increase pro

> inflammatory cytokines and others increase IL-10, the main immune

> inflammation controller.

> When used correctly, probiotics ameliorate mucosal inflammation in the

> gut,

> liver, synovium and brain.

> I have discovered that in order for probiotics to work most effectively,

> the gut lining first needs to be matured through the selective use of

> probiotics that specifically stimulate SIgA (secretory Immunoglubulin A),

> and must then be exposed to key strain specific probiotics. SIgA is the

> great, forgotten immunoglobulin, but I've championed it for twenty years

> because it is so beneficial to the GI tract. SIgA determines our ability

> to

> communicate to our immune system exactly what bacteria we are harboring

> and

> what to do about it. If you don't have enough SIgA, you can consume

> probiotics forever and never transfer enough of their relevant information

> to the appropriate immune tissues in enough volume to impact health. SIgA

> and the T-regulatory family of cells work in a cooperative manner to

> maintain tolerance, yet SIgA requires bacteria in the mucosal lumen to be

> stimulated. The use of an anti-inflammatory, SIgA-promoting yeast species

> can be a valuable adjuvant to optimizing gastrointestinal immune

> tolerance.

> The Treatment Plan

> The first step is to determine if your patient is an atypical depressive.

> Typical features include: a tendency towards excessive sleep without

> feeling

> refreshed, cravings for carbohydrates, low energy, a feeling their limbs

> are

> heavy, poor response to SSRI's, more often female, and highly sensitized

> to

> stress and relationship breakdowns. I also do an organic acid urinary

> profile to look for tryptophan catabolite ratios: Quinolinate/Kynurenate.

> These are metabolites of tryptophan that can lead to excitotoxicity and

> excess stimulation of NMDA receptors (see NO/ONOO- A Brief Summary of the

> Work of Pall, Ph.D.). If a patient has a reasonably good clinical

> workup to support a diagnosis of atypical depression, and has raised

> ammonia, quinolinic acid or kynurerine in the urine (all indications of

> dysbiosis) I consider it likely their depression is a GI-mediated immune

> event. You can also check their stool for pathogens, or their blood for

> raised levels of cytokines such as Il-6, Il-1, IL-4, and TNF? as well as

> the

> anti-inflammatory IL-10. Also consider increased gut permeability as a

> compounding barrier defect allowing cell particulates (LPS) to trigger

> inflammatory cytokines.

> If so, the next step is to do testing to establish levels of SIgA, the

> predominant immunoglobulin in the body, and the key anti-inflammatory,

> immunomodulating molecule protecting our mucosa in the mouth, nose, lungs,

> gut, and vaginal tissue. If you give probiotics in a cavalier manner to

> someone who does not have enough SIgA, you won't get a good clinical

> response because of diminished immune interpretation. In other words, the

> immune system does not process information from bacteria and pathogens as

> effectively as it needs to when levels of SIgA are low. I discovered

> nearly

> twenty years ago that if we can improve an individual's SIgA status, we

> will

> then see a change in how they respond to subsequent probiotics. I measure

> SIgA from a salivary sample, since it's systemic across mucosal tissues.

> If SIgA is low, I give Saccharomyces boulardii, which is superb at

> promoting SIgA and has hundreds of peer-reviewed studies demonstrating its

> safety and effectiveness. I begin with as little as 1/4 capsule in

> children

> and 1/2 capsule in adults, because this probiotic is very potent.

> Saccharomyces boulardii helps the body break down carbohydrates more

> effectively, reduces gut candida and neutralizes clostridium difficile

> toxins A and B, thus improving mucosal barrier effectiveness. It also

> lowers

> inflammatory IL-8.

> I may also give a month or two of a nutritional product called Garum

> Amoricum®, as this has quite quick effects in the improvement of mood

> and

> sleep and really helps the patient to feel that a change is occurring. It

> can take a couple of months with probiotics getting the dose and timing

> correct to see any change in the pattern of mood and behavior.

> The Three Steps to Successful Use of Probiotics in Depression

> * Establish that your patient is suffering from atypical depression

> (inflammation driven)

> * Examine their levels of SIgA by salivary analysis and correcting if

> required.

> * Use the most effective human derived strains of 'old friends' to

> suppress

> excess inflammatory cytokines by induction of IL-10 and regulate immune

> response systemically.

> Remember, you don't have to be aggressive to be pervasive. You can take a

> small dose of probiotics that stay in the gut yet influence the entire

> body

> systemically. You do need to be consistent and persistent as it may take

> some months to change long term dysbiosis.

> Once SIgA levels are up, I add in Lactobacillus GG, another probiotic with

> hundreds of studies demonstrating its benefit. This probiotic is a

> standout

> because it is so well studied. No other probiotic except Saccharomyces

> boulardii comes close. LGG is a known inducer of anti-inflammatory

> cytokines

> in humans like IL-10. It also increases the production of regulatory

> T-cells, which help to maintain control over inflammation. LGG is a

> human-derived strain and I believe using human strains (ones that have

> been

> isolated from the gut of a healthy human) is important because they are

> well

> recognized by the innate immune system receptors and are efficient at

> priming immunoregulation. They will, when used correctly, ameliorate

> mucosal

> inflammation in the gut, liver, synovium and brain. Both LGG and

> Saccharomyces boulardii are the best studied and probably most effective

> probiotics we have today.

> I then also add in other human strains of lactobacillus and bifido

> species,

> as well as Vitamin D, proteolytic enzymes, and herbs, including, as

> required; artemisinin, black walnut, olive leaf, TOA-free uña de gato, and

> oregano to modify bacterial communities and help kill gut pathogens.

> This approach can work phenomenally well. A recent female patient of mine

> suffered from classic atypical depression after her divorce. She has

> reduced

> her antidepressant medications to 1/5th of her initial dose, has started

> her

> own business and has lost twenty-one pounds on this simple protocol. I

> expect that in another half year she will be able to discontinue all of

> her

> medications and yet remain depression-free.

> Go with the Gut

> The gut influences the brain, and the brain influences the gut. This

> bi-directional perspective provides a fertile area for surprising insights

> into CNS pathologies that have until now proven highly elusive to

> effective

> treatment. Ask yourself-what's better? A gut reaction or a reasoned

> response? Instinct or intellect? Or is the answer literally: what's the

> difference?

>

> References:

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