Re: Lavender Esssential Oil, Paralysis IoM

February 15, 2006

Paralysis

Penicillium species also produce neurotoxins that induce paralysis.

Citreoviridin, produced by P. citreo-viride and A. terreus, and

verrucosidin, produced by P. verruculosum var. cyclopium, are

examples of such toxins (Franck and Gehrken, 1980; Hodge et al.,

1988; Ueno and Ueno, 1972). Those toxins produce a progressive,

ascending paralysis and are thought to act at the level of the

interneurons and motor neurons of the spinal cord and motor nerve

cells of the medulla (Ueno, 1984b). A typical pattern of poisoning

begins with paralysis of the hind legs, which is followed by a drop

in body temperature and respiratory arrest (Ueno and Ueno, 1972).

The tremorgenic and nontremorgenic mycotoxins from Aspergillus and

Penicillium work at a different functional level of the nervous

system from mycotoxins that have more widespread targets for

toxicity or work by inhibiting basic cellular functions, such as

protein synthesis.

Other Effects

Ochratoxin

OTA is toxic to nephrons and is a known neurotoxicant during

prenatal stages (WHO, 1990). It is produced by Aspergillus and

Penicillium species.

In tissue-culture experiments, 5–50 times higher OTA concentrations

were required to affect inhibitory (GABA) transmitter levels than to

affect markers for neuritic outgrowth and differentiation in both

brain and retinal embryonic cell cultures (Bruinink and Sidler,

1997). That indicates that the OTA teratogenic, neurotoxic end point

differs from that of the tremorgenic toxins. Bruinink and Sidler

(1997) also found neural cells to be more sensitive to OTA than the

meningeal fibroblast cultures previously studied by Bruinink et al.

(1997); this supports previous suggestions based on in vivo

> >

> > does anybody know how long it is, after exposure to the

mycotoxins,

> before

> > we get CNS symptoms?

> > thanks,

> > v.

> >

>

> FAIR USE NOTICE:

>

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