Jump to content
RemedySpot.com

NEW GUIDELINES

Rate this topic


Recommended Posts

Posted

The dissemination of this information is of a high priority; the U.K's

respected and recognised Resuscitation council has issued new

guidelines and we are all going to have to follow them and get everyone

we train to do the same; and this is the rub...I am still occasionally

coming into conflict with people I am training at the work site who

recall the old 5:1 compression/ventilation ratio!!

In my brief reading of the new regs the resus council now recommends:

A ratio of 30: 2 for adults

A ratio of 15: 2 for paeds

Adrenaline every 3-5 minutes

2 minutes of CPR after delivery of defibrillation for VF/Pulseless VT

or between assessments of pulse for PEA/Asystole. This makes the

Algorythmn much simpler to follow.

The provision of a second pre-cordial thump in the event of a witnessed

and monitored arrest where no defib is immediately available.

The use of therapeutic hypothermia for 12-24 hrs for arrest survivors

Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR up-

date sessions!

Regards

>

> Hi all

> What do you think of the new Resus Council guidelines then?

> I was having a chat with a mate of mine (yes Tom, I have some) who is

a

> resus officer and he seemed to think that they made sense.

>

> Thoughts, chaps?

>

> Rod

>

Posted

:

Thanks for the heads up; most appreciated.

Up here in the great white north, we all (Medical staff et all)

Heard on the television last night...(yes, Tom we do have T.V.here) that the

standards have changed.

In fact the news release stated a possibility of a 400% increase in lives

saved?...yup my ears still work..... hmmmm?

Cant wait for the hardcopy on that one.

Bloody polite of the Resus council to inform the providers on this media,

wankers!

Quite difficult to answer the lay questions when one has no information, 100

guys...try 5000+.

Any Changes with first line antiarrthmics or vasopressin, just rumour of one

Defib then CPR instead of the 3 shocks back to back?

Just like the old days...damn good thing i just recertified a month

ago.......where's my wallet AGAIN?

Wilf

Re: New guidelines

> The dissemination of this information is of a high priority; the U.K's

> respected and recognised Resuscitation council has issued new

> guidelines and we are all going to have to follow them and get everyone

> we train to do the same; and this is the rub...I am still occasionally

> coming into conflict with people I am training at the work site who

> recall the old 5:1 compression/ventilation ratio!!

>

> In my brief reading of the new regs the resus council now recommends:

>

> A ratio of 30: 2 for adults

>

> A ratio of 15: 2 for paeds

>

> Adrenaline every 3-5 minutes

>

> 2 minutes of CPR after delivery of defibrillation for VF/Pulseless VT

> or between assessments of pulse for PEA/Asystole. This makes the

> Algorythmn much simpler to follow.

>

> The provision of a second pre-cordial thump in the event of a witnessed

> and monitored arrest where no defib is immediately available.

>

> The use of therapeutic hypothermia for 12-24 hrs for arrest survivors

>

> Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR up-

> date sessions!

>

> Regards

>

>

>

>>

>> Hi all

>> What do you think of the new Resus Council guidelines then?

>> I was having a chat with a mate of mine (yes Tom, I have some) who is

> a

>> resus officer and he seemed to think that they made sense.

>>

>> Thoughts, chaps?

>>

>> Rod

>>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

All the evidence looking at ventilation in CPR is that

it isn't helpful and probably does harm (as per

AufderHeide et al). In addition, you don't get

adequate diastolic pressure for coronary artery

perfusion until the 11th or 12th compression so in

15:2, you only get three squirts of blood to the heart

for every round of CPR; with 30:2, you'll get 18 good

perfusions. It wouldn't surprise me if the next

iteration is continuous CPR with a NRB on the patient

thoughout (you generate a decent tidal volume with

each compression anyway).

Also, for those of us who have defibrillated patients

from v-fib to persistant asystole (which is probably

all of us), the reasoning is that there isn't enough

ATP (cellular fuel) in the myocardium for the cardiac

cells to begin beating again after defibrillation puts

them into asystole. The additional CPR builds up a

reserve of ATP so they heart can restart from the

electrically induced asystole (which is what

defibrillation does--it induces asystole and the heart

is supposed to restart on its own).

Jonnathan

--- cpfmedic <cpfmedic@...> wrote:

> The dissemination of this information is of a high

> priority; the U.K's

> respected and recognised Resuscitation council has

> issued new

> guidelines and we are all going to have to follow

> them and get everyone

> we train to do the same; and this is the rub...I am

> still occasionally

> coming into conflict with people I am training at

> the work site who

> recall the old 5:1 compression/ventilation ratio!!

>

> In my brief reading of the new regs the resus

> council now recommends:

>

> A ratio of 30: 2 for adults

>

> A ratio of 15: 2 for paeds

>

> Adrenaline every 3-5 minutes

>

> 2 minutes of CPR after delivery of defibrillation

> for VF/Pulseless VT

> or between assessments of pulse for PEA/Asystole.

> This makes the

> Algorythmn much simpler to follow.

>

> The provision of a second pre-cordial thump in the

> event of a witnessed

> and monitored arrest where no defib is immediately

> available.

>

> The use of therapeutic hypothermia for 12-24 hrs for

> arrest survivors

>

> Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the

> site for some CPR up-

> date sessions!

>

> Regards

>

>

>

> >

> > Hi all

> > What do you think of the new Resus Council

> guidelines then?

> > I was having a chat with a mate of mine (yes Tom,

> I have some) who is

> a

> > resus officer and he seemed to think that they

> made sense.

> >

> > Thoughts, chaps?

> >

> > Rod

> >

>

>

>

>

>

Jonnathan Busko MD MPH EMT-P

Emergency Services

Eastern Maine Medical Center

-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

Primum Non Nocere

__________________________________

Music Unlimited

Access over 1 million songs. Try it free.

http://music./unlimited/

Posted

wrote...>

> ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR

> up-

> date sessions!....

Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are reacting

to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training community.

Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in their

teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the VAS

produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp training

materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a lot is what

mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with adjustments - or

can members suggest a likely alternative?

Alan

Posted

Interesting point Alan.

There will always be a lag between new research/advice and the

issuing of new texts for the lay person but I can't see from a legal

or professional point of view how anyone could continue teaching the

old recommendations. Just my opinion.

Regards

>

> wrote...>

> > ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for

some CPR

> > up-

> > date sessions!....

>

> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

reacting

> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

community.

> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in

their

> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the

VAS

> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp

training

> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a

lot is what

> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with

adjustments - or

> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>

> Alan

>

Posted

I agree that there will always be a period between release of information

and update of training materials (phone call to one of the VAS suggested

that there is yet to be a tripartite meeting/agreement and that 9th edition

of FA manual might not come out until middle of next year!) Agree also that

latest techniques should be adopted and taught - just concerned that

revision and issue of handouts etc without a standardised format such as the

VAS FA Manual to base info on, will result in even more confusion at a later

stage when any training materials attended to at this point will inevitably

have to be adjusted yet again!

There is an " out -clause " for those so inclined methinks in the second last

paragraph of the Resus Council Guidelines Introduction -

" It will take time for courses and training materials to be updated and

............The publication of new treatment recommendations does not imply

that current clinical care is either unsafe or ineffective " .

Here's hoping that professionalism prevails! I remember when an instructor

was adamantly lecturing that first aiders were no longer trained to check

for a pulse - and then follow this up 3 hrs later by studiously verifying

each delegate's ability to locate and monitor pulse sites as part of

secondary survey! If only they had clarified the circumstances and

reasoning to support the former - confused faces all round!

Regards

Alan

Re: New guidelines

> Interesting point Alan.

>

> There will always be a lag between new research/advice and the

> issuing of new texts for the lay person but I can't see from a legal

> or professional point of view how anyone could continue teaching the

> old recommendations. Just my opinion.

>

> Regards

>

>

>

>>

>> wrote...>

>> > ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for

> some CPR

>> > up-

>> > date sessions!....

>>

>> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

> reacting

>> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

> community.

>> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in

> their

>> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the

> VAS

>> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp

> training

>> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a

> lot is what

>> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with

> adjustments - or

>> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>>

>> Alan

>>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

All,

Note that here in the good old U-S-eh... it was cited yesterday by one of the

authors of the new stuff, that while the new guidelines are out NOW,

" instructors will get their updated curiculum information after the first of

the year " - go figure. Sure makes us feel like promoting CPR classes when we

can't actually know what to teach.

It certainly would cost me all my students until then if I had classes

scheduled - brilliant!

Best,

Steve

Wilf Mackie <w.mackie@...> wrote: :

Thanks for the heads up; most appreciated.

Up here in the great white north, we all (Medical staff et all)

Heard on the television last night...(yes, Tom we do have T.V.here) that the

standards have changed.

In fact the news release stated a possibility of a 400% increase in lives

saved?...yup my ears still work..... hmmmm?

Cant wait for the hardcopy on that one.

Bloody polite of the Resus council to inform the providers on this media,

wankers!

Quite difficult to answer the lay questions when one has no information, 100

guys...try 5000+.

Any Changes with first line antiarrthmics or vasopressin, just rumour of one

Defib then CPR instead of the 3 shocks back to back?

Just like the old days...damn good thing i just recertified a month

ago.......where's my wallet AGAIN?

Wilf

Re: New guidelines

> The dissemination of this information is of a high priority; the U.K's

> respected and recognised Resuscitation council has issued new

> guidelines and we are all going to have to follow them and get everyone

> we train to do the same; and this is the rub...I am still occasionally

> coming into conflict with people I am training at the work site who

> recall the old 5:1 compression/ventilation ratio!!

>

> In my brief reading of the new regs the resus council now recommends:

>

> A ratio of 30: 2 for adults

>

> A ratio of 15: 2 for paeds

>

> Adrenaline every 3-5 minutes

>

> 2 minutes of CPR after delivery of defibrillation for VF/Pulseless VT

> or between assessments of pulse for PEA/Asystole. This makes the

> Algorythmn much simpler to follow.

>

> The provision of a second pre-cordial thump in the event of a witnessed

> and monitored arrest where no defib is immediately available.

>

> The use of therapeutic hypothermia for 12-24 hrs for arrest survivors

>

> Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR up-

> date sessions!

>

> Regards

>

>

>

>>

>> Hi all

>> What do you think of the new Resus Council guidelines then?

>> I was having a chat with a mate of mine (yes Tom, I have some) who is

> a

>> resus officer and he seemed to think that they made sense.

>>

>> Thoughts, chaps?

>>

>> Rod

>>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

Alan,

as a trainer in one of the VAS, I can confirm that the meeting of our

medical directors is scheduled for January. The timetable was set earlier

this year and basically will be for trainer and member update training from

about April and go-live on public training in August 2006. The updates will

be a new impression of the 8th Edition manual rather than a new edition and

so the date it hits the shelves will be dependant on stock levels of the old

impression but hopefully will be around April/May. Going on past form, new

impressions of the manual are usually identified by a different colour spot

on the front cover (the current one is green).

Best Wishes

Tom Crellin

Re: Re: New guidelines

I agree that there will always be a period between release of information

and update of training materials (phone call to one of the VAS suggested

that there is yet to be a tripartite meeting/agreement and that 9th edition

of FA manual might not come out until middle of next year!) Agree also that

latest techniques should be adopted and taught - just concerned that

revision and issue of handouts etc without a standardised format such as the

VAS FA Manual to base info on, will result in even more confusion at a later

stage when any training materials attended to at this point will inevitably

have to be adjusted yet again!

There is an " out -clause " for those so inclined methinks in the second last

paragraph of the Resus Council Guidelines Introduction -

" It will take time for courses and training materials to be updated and

............The publication of new treatment recommendations does not imply

that current clinical care is either unsafe or ineffective " .

Here's hoping that professionalism prevails! I remember when an instructor

was adamantly lecturing that first aiders were no longer trained to check

for a pulse - and then follow this up 3 hrs later by studiously verifying

each delegate's ability to locate and monitor pulse sites as part of

secondary survey! If only they had clarified the circumstances and

reasoning to support the former - confused faces all round!

Regards

Alan

Re: New guidelines

> Interesting point Alan.

>

> There will always be a lag between new research/advice and the

> issuing of new texts for the lay person but I can't see from a legal

> or professional point of view how anyone could continue teaching the

> old recommendations. Just my opinion.

>

> Regards

>

>

>

>>

>> wrote...>

>> > ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for

> some CPR

>> > up-

>> > date sessions!....

>>

>> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

> reacting

>> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

> community.

>> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in

> their

>> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the

> VAS

>> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp

> training

>> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a

> lot is what

>> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with

> adjustments - or

>> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>>

>> Alan

>>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

Tom,

Many thanks for the info. (One of the reasons that I joined this invaluable

site in the first place) and I will look out for the revised & updated

edition on the bookshelves.

Once again, thanks for the update.

To all - As concerns my last e-mail - on reading again I think I should

clarify that " they " in the last sentence refers to the instructor concerned

and not anyone else!

Alan

Re: New guidelines

>

>

>> Interesting point Alan.

>>

>> There will always be a lag between new research/advice and the

>> issuing of new texts for the lay person but I can't see from a legal

>> or professional point of view how anyone could continue teaching the

>> old recommendations. Just my opinion.

>>

>> Regards

>>

>>

>>

>>>

>>> wrote...>

>>> > ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for

>> some CPR

>>> > up-

>>> > date sessions!....

>>>

>>> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

>> reacting

>>> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

>> community.

>>> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in

>> their

>>> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the

>> VAS

>>> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp

>> training

>>> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a

>> lot is what

>>> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with

>> adjustments - or

>>> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>>>

>>> Alan

>>>

>>

>>

>>

>>

>>

>>

>>

>> Member Information:

>>

>> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

>> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>>

>> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

>> to the list owner.

>>

>> Post message: egroups

>>

>> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>>

>> Regards

>>

>> The Remote Medics Team

>>

Posted

Hi Rod and all,

Had one of my sparkies visit this morning with a newspapaer cutting from the

Daily Express detailing the changes so I thought aha ... I'l be dead clever

and go straight to remote medics and post something ..... and was beaten to

it ... oh well ....

Have had a quick read through this morning and seems pretty good so far and

makes sense. It certainly seems to mirror some of the recent mumblings and

makes more of a comparison to the AHA guidelines also. Havent had chance to

go through the ALS stuff yet.

Will read further and add comments as responses come in as I hope they will.

Tim C

(gripping tightly to my desk as we roll uuuupp and dowwwn ... uuuuuup and

dowwwwwwn)

>From: " Rod Eglin " <rod@...>

>Reply-

>< >

>Subject: New guidelines

>Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2005 13:06:52 -0000

>

>Hi all

>What do you think of the new Resus Council guidelines then?

>I was having a chat with a mate of mine (yes Tom, I have some) who is a

>resus officer and he seemed to think that they made sense.

>

>Thoughts, chaps?

>

>Rod

>

Posted

Alan

With regards to DRABCDE, what is starting to slowly spread through the

British military (and I have even come across it in the civilian world) is

MARCH. Massive haemorrhage, Airway, Circulation, Head injury. The massive

haemorrhage bit is when the " claret " is painting the ceiling i.e. if you go

down the ABC route, they will be dead by the time you get to C, because

there is none left!

Mark

Re: Re: New guidelines

> wrote...>

>> ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR

>> up-

>> date sessions!....

>

> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

> reacting

> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

> community.

> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in their

> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the VAS

> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp training

> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a lot is

> what

> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with adjustments -

> or

> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>

> Alan

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

HI guys, with reference to MARCH this really is point of injury when the bullets

are flying sort of thing and relies a lot on buddy buddy and self tourniquet.It

definatly has a place in the civilian role but is primarily a battlefield

measure where

casevac,blood products and adequate fluids are not readily available.The R in

MARCH is Respirations <10/>29 rpm and is again designed for very fast triage by

the guys on the ground hope thats clarified things

cheers Mark

Mark <tintin@...> wrote:

Alan

With regards to DRABCDE, what is starting to slowly spread through the

British military (and I have even come across it in the civilian world) is

MARCH. Massive haemorrhage, Airway, Circulation, Head injury. The massive

haemorrhage bit is when the " claret " is painting the ceiling i.e. if you go

down the ABC route, they will be dead by the time you get to C, because

there is none left!

Mark

Re: Re: New guidelines

> wrote...>

>> ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR

>> up-

>> date sessions!....

>

> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

> reacting

> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

> community.

> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in their

> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the VAS

> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp training

> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a lot is

> what

> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with adjustments -

> or

> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>

> Alan

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

Hi all. I'm a South African paramedic. We see these cases every day. don't trie

and complicate things. Stick to ABC. It only takes a few seconds anyway!

Re: Re: New guidelines

> wrote...>

>> ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some CPR

>> up-

>> date sessions!....

>

> Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

> reacting

> to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

> community.

> Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in their

> teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the VAS

> produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp training

> materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a lot is

> what

> mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with adjustments -

> or

> can members suggest a likely alternative?

>

> Alan

>

>

>

>

>

> Member Information:

>

> List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

>

> ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be sent

> to the list owner.

>

> Post message: egroups

>

> Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

>

> Regards

>

> The Remote Medics Team

>

Posted

Hi Folks

I am sure that many on this list will be aware of the old saying " if it

ain't broke, don't fix it " , it's just been fixed!!! Just got home from a

weekends instructor update course on how the British military are going to

run the Battlefield Advanced Trauma Life Support course (very impressed and

some interesting ideas) and what I thought would be the pneumonic MARCH is

now CABC etc (this will be the standard for the British military). The C

stands for Catastrophic haemorrhage (i.e. the claret is painting the

ceiling).

As the other Mark quite rightly points out this is a point of injury problem

with buddy buddy etc, where as in " Medic Buhemba " position I agree to stick

to the ABCs because by the time our colleague arrives on scene, the casualty

would already be dead due to blood loss.

Mark

PS: Cheers Mark about the " R " in MARCH. It was a long day and only realised

what I had forgotten after I sent the email

Re: Re: New guidelines

>

>

> > wrote...>

> >> ....Oh well, best re-schedule the 100 plus guys on the site for some

> CPR

> >> up-

> >> date sessions!....

> >

> > Interesting to see how people in different spheres of operation are

> > reacting

> > to the changes. It appears to vary amongst the general training

> > community.

> > Some are already adopting and delivering the new guidelines in their

> > teaching methods - whilst some are talking about waiting until the VAS

> > produce the 9th edition before they transfer over or revamp training

> > materials. Another concern that seems to be raising it's head a lot is

> > what

> > mnemonic to use - could DRABCDE still apply? - albeit with

> adjustments -

> > or

> > can members suggest a likely alternative?

> >

> > Alan

> >

> >

> >

> >

> >

> > Member Information:

> >

> > List owner: Ian Sharpe Owner@...

> > Editor: Ross Boardman Editor@...

> >

> > ALL list admin messages (subscriptions & unsubscriptions) should be

> sent

> > to the list owner.

> >

> > Post message: egroups

> >

> > Please visit our website http://www.remotemedics.co.uk

> >

> > Regards

> >

> > The Remote Medics Team

> >

  • 10 months later...

Join the conversation

You are posting as a guest. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.

Loading...
×
×
  • Create New...