Jump to content
RemedySpot.com

Genotypes Explained

Rate this topic


Guest guest

Recommended Posts

Guest guest

Claudine,

How are you? and have you done anything yet regarding new treatment or

waiting? It was an interesting article but thought I had read that 1b was

the most prevalent somewhere at 70% of course, think that was the world.

I'll have to see if I can find that article. weird lots of people here have

1b then mostly found on Europe. ell wantee to seee how you were and ty for

the article. I have almost completed week 4, not doing too bad over all but

did feel like quitting last week so still have rough days, I just hope it

clears, can't imagine going through all this and then it not helping but

then you've been there and you have to take the chance. Thasts the main

reason why people try to see if they will be one of the few that it helps.

wishh the research would move along a little faster but then its hard when

you have a disease that affects you personally . Much more empathetic

towards all diseases now, well take care and will talk to you later

Suzy

From: " Claudine Crews " <claudinecrews@...>

Reply-Hepatitis Conelist

Hepatitis Conelist

Subject: Genotypes Explained

Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 12:54:11 CST

This has to be the best article I've seen that explains genotypes. You can

actually understand!

Genotypes Explained

It is much easier to talk of the hepatitis C virus as if it is a single

organism but in fact it is a range of viruses, similar enough to be called

hepatitis C virus, yet different enough to be classified into subgroups.

Viruses are microscopic and no person could ever see them with the naked

eye. Indeed, HCV is so small that there’s been no confirmed actual sighting

of it using any type of microscope yet developed (see Ed 17, p1).

Consequently, a better way to understand the terms HCV ‘genotypes’ and

‘subtypes’ is to compare them to things that we can more readily relate to.

Genotypes

The group of birds we call ‘raptors’ (birds of prey) have evolved into

different main types. Imagining raptors as being hepatitis C viruses, you

could take one major raptor type, such as eagles, and imagine these as being

one of HCV’s main types (genotypes).

Subtypes

But eagles as a group are made up of different sub types such as the

American Bald Eagle and Australia’s Wedge Tailed Eagle and Sea Eagle. You

could imagine each of these as being one of the HCV subtypes that make up an

HCV genotype.

Quasispecies

Within each of above particular types of eagles, there are further

differences. All Wedge Tailed Eagles, for example, differ from each other in

regard to wing span, weight, colour, beak size, etc. Similarly, within a

hepatitis C sub-type, individual viruses differ from each other ever so

slightly. Such viral differences are not significant enough to form another

sub-type but instead form what’s known as quasi-species. It is believed that

within an HCV sub-type, several million quasispecies may exist.

Scientists predict that people who have hepatitis C, have billions of actual

viruses circulating within their body. Although there may be one or two

predominant sub-types, the infection as a whole is not a single entity and

is composed of many different quasispecies.

Classifications

Biologists are generally not known for creativity when it comes to naming

things - hence hepatitis C virus. The most commonly used classification of

hepatitis C virus has HCV divided into the following genotypes (main types):

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

As we’ve highlighted, HCV genotypes can be broken down into sub-types, some

of which include:

1a, 1b, 1c

2a, 2b, 2c

3a, 3b

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e

5a

6a

7a, 7b

8a, 8b

9a

10a

11a

Genotype patterns

It is believed that the hepatitis C virus has evolved over a period of

several thousand years (see Ed 20, p7). This would explain the current

general global patterns of genotypes and subtypes:

1a - mostly found in Nth & Sth America; also common in Australia

1b - mostly found in Europe and Asia.

2a - is the most common genotype 2 in Japan and China.

2b - is the most common genotype 2 in the US and Nthn Europe.

2c - the most common genotype 2 in Wstn and Sthn Europe.

3a - highly prevalent here in Australia (40% of cases) and Sth Asia.

4a - highly prevalent in Egypt

4c - highly prevalent in Central Africa

5a - highly prevalent only in Sth Africa

6a - restricted to Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam

7a and 7b - common in Thailand

8a, 8b & 9a - prevalent in Vietnam

10a & 11a - found in Indonesia

It’s believed that of the estimated 160,000 Australians with HCV, approx.

35% have subtype ‘1a’, 15% have ‘1b’, 7% have ‘2’, 35% have ‘3’ (mostly

being 3a). The remaining people would have other genotypes.

Genotype and treatment

Current scientific belief is that factors such as duration of a person’s HCV

infection, their HCV viral load, age, grade of liver inflammation or stage

of fibrosis may play an important role in determining response to interferon

treatment. Recent studies have suggested that a person’s HCV subtype (or

subtypes) may influence their possible response to interferon, or

interferon-ribavirin combination treatment. World-wide trials are being

conducted which will soon shed more light on this belief. We’ll publish any

reports as they come to hand.

Info taken from Genotypes and Genetic Variation of Hepatitis C Virus by G.

Maerterns & L. Stuyver, reviewed by Dr Greg Dore of the National Centre in

HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research.

From The Hep C Review; Ed 23, December 1998; Harvey

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Guest guest

Claudine,

How are you? and have you done anything yet regarding new treatment or

waiting? It was an interesting article but thought I had read that 1b was

the most prevalent somewhere at 70% of course, think that was the world.

I'll have to see if I can find that article. weird lots of people here have

1b then mostly found on Europe. ell wantee to seee how you were and ty for

the article. I have almost completed week 4, not doing too bad over all but

did feel like quitting last week so still have rough days, I just hope it

clears, can't imagine going through all this and then it not helping but

then you've been there and you have to take the chance. Thasts the main

reason why people try to see if they will be one of the few that it helps.

wishh the research would move along a little faster but then its hard when

you have a disease that affects you personally . Much more empathetic

towards all diseases now, well take care and will talk to you later

Suzy

From: " Claudine Crews " <claudinecrews@...>

Reply-Hepatitis Conelist

Hepatitis Conelist

Subject: Genotypes Explained

Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 12:54:11 CST

This has to be the best article I've seen that explains genotypes. You can

actually understand!

Genotypes Explained

It is much easier to talk of the hepatitis C virus as if it is a single

organism but in fact it is a range of viruses, similar enough to be called

hepatitis C virus, yet different enough to be classified into subgroups.

Viruses are microscopic and no person could ever see them with the naked

eye. Indeed, HCV is so small that there’s been no confirmed actual sighting

of it using any type of microscope yet developed (see Ed 17, p1).

Consequently, a better way to understand the terms HCV ‘genotypes’ and

‘subtypes’ is to compare them to things that we can more readily relate to.

Genotypes

The group of birds we call ‘raptors’ (birds of prey) have evolved into

different main types. Imagining raptors as being hepatitis C viruses, you

could take one major raptor type, such as eagles, and imagine these as being

one of HCV’s main types (genotypes).

Subtypes

But eagles as a group are made up of different sub types such as the

American Bald Eagle and Australia’s Wedge Tailed Eagle and Sea Eagle. You

could imagine each of these as being one of the HCV subtypes that make up an

HCV genotype.

Quasispecies

Within each of above particular types of eagles, there are further

differences. All Wedge Tailed Eagles, for example, differ from each other in

regard to wing span, weight, colour, beak size, etc. Similarly, within a

hepatitis C sub-type, individual viruses differ from each other ever so

slightly. Such viral differences are not significant enough to form another

sub-type but instead form what’s known as quasi-species. It is believed that

within an HCV sub-type, several million quasispecies may exist.

Scientists predict that people who have hepatitis C, have billions of actual

viruses circulating within their body. Although there may be one or two

predominant sub-types, the infection as a whole is not a single entity and

is composed of many different quasispecies.

Classifications

Biologists are generally not known for creativity when it comes to naming

things - hence hepatitis C virus. The most commonly used classification of

hepatitis C virus has HCV divided into the following genotypes (main types):

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

As we’ve highlighted, HCV genotypes can be broken down into sub-types, some

of which include:

1a, 1b, 1c

2a, 2b, 2c

3a, 3b

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e

5a

6a

7a, 7b

8a, 8b

9a

10a

11a

Genotype patterns

It is believed that the hepatitis C virus has evolved over a period of

several thousand years (see Ed 20, p7). This would explain the current

general global patterns of genotypes and subtypes:

1a - mostly found in Nth & Sth America; also common in Australia

1b - mostly found in Europe and Asia.

2a - is the most common genotype 2 in Japan and China.

2b - is the most common genotype 2 in the US and Nthn Europe.

2c - the most common genotype 2 in Wstn and Sthn Europe.

3a - highly prevalent here in Australia (40% of cases) and Sth Asia.

4a - highly prevalent in Egypt

4c - highly prevalent in Central Africa

5a - highly prevalent only in Sth Africa

6a - restricted to Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam

7a and 7b - common in Thailand

8a, 8b & 9a - prevalent in Vietnam

10a & 11a - found in Indonesia

It’s believed that of the estimated 160,000 Australians with HCV, approx.

35% have subtype ‘1a’, 15% have ‘1b’, 7% have ‘2’, 35% have ‘3’ (mostly

being 3a). The remaining people would have other genotypes.

Genotype and treatment

Current scientific belief is that factors such as duration of a person’s HCV

infection, their HCV viral load, age, grade of liver inflammation or stage

of fibrosis may play an important role in determining response to interferon

treatment. Recent studies have suggested that a person’s HCV subtype (or

subtypes) may influence their possible response to interferon, or

interferon-ribavirin combination treatment. World-wide trials are being

conducted which will soon shed more light on this belief. We’ll publish any

reports as they come to hand.

Info taken from Genotypes and Genetic Variation of Hepatitis C Virus by G.

Maerterns & L. Stuyver, reviewed by Dr Greg Dore of the National Centre in

HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research.

From The Hep C Review; Ed 23, December 1998; Harvey

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Guest guest

Claudine,

How are you? and have you done anything yet regarding new treatment or

waiting? It was an interesting article but thought I had read that 1b was

the most prevalent somewhere at 70% of course, think that was the world.

I'll have to see if I can find that article. weird lots of people here have

1b then mostly found on Europe. ell wantee to seee how you were and ty for

the article. I have almost completed week 4, not doing too bad over all but

did feel like quitting last week so still have rough days, I just hope it

clears, can't imagine going through all this and then it not helping but

then you've been there and you have to take the chance. Thasts the main

reason why people try to see if they will be one of the few that it helps.

wishh the research would move along a little faster but then its hard when

you have a disease that affects you personally . Much more empathetic

towards all diseases now, well take care and will talk to you later

Suzy

From: " Claudine Crews " <claudinecrews@...>

Reply-Hepatitis Conelist

Hepatitis Conelist

Subject: Genotypes Explained

Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 12:54:11 CST

This has to be the best article I've seen that explains genotypes. You can

actually understand!

Genotypes Explained

It is much easier to talk of the hepatitis C virus as if it is a single

organism but in fact it is a range of viruses, similar enough to be called

hepatitis C virus, yet different enough to be classified into subgroups.

Viruses are microscopic and no person could ever see them with the naked

eye. Indeed, HCV is so small that there’s been no confirmed actual sighting

of it using any type of microscope yet developed (see Ed 17, p1).

Consequently, a better way to understand the terms HCV ‘genotypes’ and

‘subtypes’ is to compare them to things that we can more readily relate to.

Genotypes

The group of birds we call ‘raptors’ (birds of prey) have evolved into

different main types. Imagining raptors as being hepatitis C viruses, you

could take one major raptor type, such as eagles, and imagine these as being

one of HCV’s main types (genotypes).

Subtypes

But eagles as a group are made up of different sub types such as the

American Bald Eagle and Australia’s Wedge Tailed Eagle and Sea Eagle. You

could imagine each of these as being one of the HCV subtypes that make up an

HCV genotype.

Quasispecies

Within each of above particular types of eagles, there are further

differences. All Wedge Tailed Eagles, for example, differ from each other in

regard to wing span, weight, colour, beak size, etc. Similarly, within a

hepatitis C sub-type, individual viruses differ from each other ever so

slightly. Such viral differences are not significant enough to form another

sub-type but instead form what’s known as quasi-species. It is believed that

within an HCV sub-type, several million quasispecies may exist.

Scientists predict that people who have hepatitis C, have billions of actual

viruses circulating within their body. Although there may be one or two

predominant sub-types, the infection as a whole is not a single entity and

is composed of many different quasispecies.

Classifications

Biologists are generally not known for creativity when it comes to naming

things - hence hepatitis C virus. The most commonly used classification of

hepatitis C virus has HCV divided into the following genotypes (main types):

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

As we’ve highlighted, HCV genotypes can be broken down into sub-types, some

of which include:

1a, 1b, 1c

2a, 2b, 2c

3a, 3b

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e

5a

6a

7a, 7b

8a, 8b

9a

10a

11a

Genotype patterns

It is believed that the hepatitis C virus has evolved over a period of

several thousand years (see Ed 20, p7). This would explain the current

general global patterns of genotypes and subtypes:

1a - mostly found in Nth & Sth America; also common in Australia

1b - mostly found in Europe and Asia.

2a - is the most common genotype 2 in Japan and China.

2b - is the most common genotype 2 in the US and Nthn Europe.

2c - the most common genotype 2 in Wstn and Sthn Europe.

3a - highly prevalent here in Australia (40% of cases) and Sth Asia.

4a - highly prevalent in Egypt

4c - highly prevalent in Central Africa

5a - highly prevalent only in Sth Africa

6a - restricted to Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam

7a and 7b - common in Thailand

8a, 8b & 9a - prevalent in Vietnam

10a & 11a - found in Indonesia

It’s believed that of the estimated 160,000 Australians with HCV, approx.

35% have subtype ‘1a’, 15% have ‘1b’, 7% have ‘2’, 35% have ‘3’ (mostly

being 3a). The remaining people would have other genotypes.

Genotype and treatment

Current scientific belief is that factors such as duration of a person’s HCV

infection, their HCV viral load, age, grade of liver inflammation or stage

of fibrosis may play an important role in determining response to interferon

treatment. Recent studies have suggested that a person’s HCV subtype (or

subtypes) may influence their possible response to interferon, or

interferon-ribavirin combination treatment. World-wide trials are being

conducted which will soon shed more light on this belief. We’ll publish any

reports as they come to hand.

Info taken from Genotypes and Genetic Variation of Hepatitis C Virus by G.

Maerterns & L. Stuyver, reviewed by Dr Greg Dore of the National Centre in

HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research.

From The Hep C Review; Ed 23, December 1998; Harvey

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Guest guest

Claudine,

How are you? and have you done anything yet regarding new treatment or

waiting? It was an interesting article but thought I had read that 1b was

the most prevalent somewhere at 70% of course, think that was the world.

I'll have to see if I can find that article. weird lots of people here have

1b then mostly found on Europe. ell wantee to seee how you were and ty for

the article. I have almost completed week 4, not doing too bad over all but

did feel like quitting last week so still have rough days, I just hope it

clears, can't imagine going through all this and then it not helping but

then you've been there and you have to take the chance. Thasts the main

reason why people try to see if they will be one of the few that it helps.

wishh the research would move along a little faster but then its hard when

you have a disease that affects you personally . Much more empathetic

towards all diseases now, well take care and will talk to you later

Suzy

From: " Claudine Crews " <claudinecrews@...>

Reply-Hepatitis Conelist

Hepatitis Conelist

Subject: Genotypes Explained

Date: Tue, 28 Mar 2000 12:54:11 CST

This has to be the best article I've seen that explains genotypes. You can

actually understand!

Genotypes Explained

It is much easier to talk of the hepatitis C virus as if it is a single

organism but in fact it is a range of viruses, similar enough to be called

hepatitis C virus, yet different enough to be classified into subgroups.

Viruses are microscopic and no person could ever see them with the naked

eye. Indeed, HCV is so small that there’s been no confirmed actual sighting

of it using any type of microscope yet developed (see Ed 17, p1).

Consequently, a better way to understand the terms HCV ‘genotypes’ and

‘subtypes’ is to compare them to things that we can more readily relate to.

Genotypes

The group of birds we call ‘raptors’ (birds of prey) have evolved into

different main types. Imagining raptors as being hepatitis C viruses, you

could take one major raptor type, such as eagles, and imagine these as being

one of HCV’s main types (genotypes).

Subtypes

But eagles as a group are made up of different sub types such as the

American Bald Eagle and Australia’s Wedge Tailed Eagle and Sea Eagle. You

could imagine each of these as being one of the HCV subtypes that make up an

HCV genotype.

Quasispecies

Within each of above particular types of eagles, there are further

differences. All Wedge Tailed Eagles, for example, differ from each other in

regard to wing span, weight, colour, beak size, etc. Similarly, within a

hepatitis C sub-type, individual viruses differ from each other ever so

slightly. Such viral differences are not significant enough to form another

sub-type but instead form what’s known as quasi-species. It is believed that

within an HCV sub-type, several million quasispecies may exist.

Scientists predict that people who have hepatitis C, have billions of actual

viruses circulating within their body. Although there may be one or two

predominant sub-types, the infection as a whole is not a single entity and

is composed of many different quasispecies.

Classifications

Biologists are generally not known for creativity when it comes to naming

things - hence hepatitis C virus. The most commonly used classification of

hepatitis C virus has HCV divided into the following genotypes (main types):

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

As we’ve highlighted, HCV genotypes can be broken down into sub-types, some

of which include:

1a, 1b, 1c

2a, 2b, 2c

3a, 3b

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e

5a

6a

7a, 7b

8a, 8b

9a

10a

11a

Genotype patterns

It is believed that the hepatitis C virus has evolved over a period of

several thousand years (see Ed 20, p7). This would explain the current

general global patterns of genotypes and subtypes:

1a - mostly found in Nth & Sth America; also common in Australia

1b - mostly found in Europe and Asia.

2a - is the most common genotype 2 in Japan and China.

2b - is the most common genotype 2 in the US and Nthn Europe.

2c - the most common genotype 2 in Wstn and Sthn Europe.

3a - highly prevalent here in Australia (40% of cases) and Sth Asia.

4a - highly prevalent in Egypt

4c - highly prevalent in Central Africa

5a - highly prevalent only in Sth Africa

6a - restricted to Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam

7a and 7b - common in Thailand

8a, 8b & 9a - prevalent in Vietnam

10a & 11a - found in Indonesia

It’s believed that of the estimated 160,000 Australians with HCV, approx.

35% have subtype ‘1a’, 15% have ‘1b’, 7% have ‘2’, 35% have ‘3’ (mostly

being 3a). The remaining people would have other genotypes.

Genotype and treatment

Current scientific belief is that factors such as duration of a person’s HCV

infection, their HCV viral load, age, grade of liver inflammation or stage

of fibrosis may play an important role in determining response to interferon

treatment. Recent studies have suggested that a person’s HCV subtype (or

subtypes) may influence their possible response to interferon, or

interferon-ribavirin combination treatment. World-wide trials are being

conducted which will soon shed more light on this belief. We’ll publish any

reports as they come to hand.

Info taken from Genotypes and Genetic Variation of Hepatitis C Virus by G.

Maerterns & L. Stuyver, reviewed by Dr Greg Dore of the National Centre in

HIV Epidemiology & Clinical Research.

From The Hep C Review; Ed 23, December 1998; Harvey

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

______________________________________________________

Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

Link to comment
Share on other sites

  • 3 years later...
Guest guest

The following comes from Hepatitis-Central.

Genotypes Explained

It is much easier to talk of the hepatitis C virus as if it is a

single organism but in fact it is a range of viruses, similar enough

to be called hepatitis C virus, yet different enough to be classified

into subgroups.

Viruses are microscopic and no person could ever see them with the

naked eye. Indeed, HCV is so small that there's been no confirmed

actual sighting of it using any type of microscope yet developed.

Consequently, a better way to understand the terms HCV 'genotypes'

and 'subtypes' is to compare them to things that we can more readily

relate to.

Genotypes

The group of birds we call 'raptors' (birds of prey) have evolved

into different main types. Imagining raptors as being hepatitis C

viruses, you could take one major raptor type, such as eagles, and

imagine these as being one of HCV's main types (genotypes).

Subtypes

But eagles as a group are made up of different sub types such as the

American Bald Eagle and Australia's Wedge Tailed Eagle and Sea Eagle.

You could imagine each of these as being one of the HCV subtypes that

make up an HCV genotype.

Quasispecies

Within each of above particular types of eagles, there are further

differences. All Wedge Tailed Eagles, for example, differ from each

other in regard to wing span, weight, colour, beak size, etc.

Similarly, within a hepatitis C sub-type, individual viruses differ

from each other ever so slightly. Such viral differences are not

significant enough to form another sub-type but instead form what's

known as quasi-species. It is believed that within an HCV sub-type,

several million quasispecies may exist. Scientists predict that

people who have hepatitis C, have billions of actual viruses

circulating within their body. Although there may be one or two

predominant sub-types, the infection as a whole is not a single

entity and is composed of many different quasispecies.

Classifications

Biologists are generally not known for creativity when it comes to

naming things - hence hepatitis C virus. The most commonly used

classification of hepatitis C virus has HCV divided into the

following genotypes (main types): 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and

11. As we've highlighted, HCV genotypes can be broken down into sub-

types, some of which include:

1a, 1b, 1c

2a, 2b, 2c

3a, 3b

4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e

5a

6a

7a, 7b

8a, 8b

9a

10a

11a

Genotype patterns

It is believed that the hepatitis C virus has evolved over a period

of several thousand years. This would explain the current general

global patterns of genotypes and subtypes:

1a - mostly found in North & South America; also common in Australia

1b - mostly found in Europe and Asia.

2a - is the most common genotype 2 in Japan and China.

2b - is the most common genotype 2 in the US and Northern Europe.

2c - the most common genotype 2 in Western and Southern Europe.

3a - highly prevalent here in Australia (40% of cases) and South Asia.

4a - highly prevalent in Egypt

4c - highly prevalent in Central Africa

5a - highly prevalent only in South Africa

6a - restricted to Hong Kong, Macau and Vietnam

7a and 7b - common in Thailand

8a, 8b & 9a - prevalent in Vietnam

10a & 11a - found in Indonesia

It's believed that of the estimated 160,000 Australians with HCV,

approx. 35% have subtype '1a', 15% have '1b', 7% have '2', 35%

have '3' (mostly being 3a). The remaining people would have other

genotypes.

Genotype and treatment

Current scientific belief is that factors such as duration of a

person's HCV infection, their HCV viral load, age, grade of liver

inflammation or stage of fibrosis may play an important role in

determining response to interferon treatment. Recent studies have

suggested that a person's HCV subtype (or subtypes) may influence

their possible response to interferon, or interferon-ribavirin

combination treatment. World-wide trials are being conducted which

will soon shed more light on this belief. We'll publish any reports

as they come to hand.

Genotypes and Genetic Variation of Hepatitis C Virus by G. Maerterns

& L. Stuyver,

reviewed by Dr Greg Dore of the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology &

Clinical Research.

From The Hep C Review; Ed 23, December 1998; Harvey

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Join the conversation

You are posting as a guest. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.

Guest
Reply to this topic...

×   Pasted as rich text.   Paste as plain text instead

  Only 75 emoji are allowed.

×   Your link has been automatically embedded.   Display as a link instead

×   Your previous content has been restored.   Clear editor

×   You cannot paste images directly. Upload or insert images from URL.

Loading...
×
×
  • Create New...