Guest guest Posted October 19, 2006 Report Share Posted October 19, 2006 Suppressed TSH is associated with heart disease & osteoporosis, this is what my endo just told me today.... I don't believe it.. below is an address that states the oposite about osteo.. http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php If you can't get here by clicking on the address then try copy & pasting it. I would like to hear your comments on this.. I have to have blood work tomarrow and call her Friday to get the news.. She wants to lower my meds. again and I think I need to add some meds.. I lowered them last time....and have gotten worse with some things like freezing again then getting very hot and sweating.. give me your thoughts... thanks Bev Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 19, 2006 Report Share Posted October 19, 2006 Bev, You wrote: > > > Suppressed TSH is associated with heart disease & osteoporosis, this > is > what my endo just told me today.... I don't believe it.. below is an > address that states the oposite about osteo.. > > http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php > <http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php> ... There are more. The association of low TSH with cardiac and osteo problems is an invalid extrapolation from Grave's disease. Here are two recent papers that show no osteoporosis on meds. A year 2000 study of 10,364 Swedish women, age 49-69, of whom 768 were currently on thyroxine medication, showed absolutely no difference in bone mass density between those on thyroxine and those not. http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/1d62e2.htm V. Nuzzo, et al., Gynecol Endocrinol. 1998 Oct;12(5):333-7 studied 40 premenopausal women with non-toxic goiter on L-thyroxine suppressive therapy; result: absolutely no effect on bone density compared to standards measured several different ways. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=9\ 859026 & dopt=Abstract You might ask her to show you a study that demonstrates that TSH suppressed by thyroid medication is associated with either of those problems. I haven't found any. Chuck Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 19, 2006 Report Share Posted October 19, 2006 Chuck, thanks so much for this info. It sounds like I have the same endo as this person because mine told me the same thing and uses it as a reason to cut my meds! Anyways, thanks, - Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 20, 2006 Report Share Posted October 20, 2006 Hi , I didn't see any post about this topic from Chuck, what did he say.. Chuch, what did you say?????? thanks Bev > > Chuck, thanks so much for this info. It sounds like I have the same endo as this person because mine told me the same thing and uses it as a reason to cut my meds! Anyways, thanks, - > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 20, 2006 Report Share Posted October 20, 2006 I found the post... thanks Chuck, I will do just that.. I have to call her in the morning at 9am.. thanks so much for your thoughts , your work on finding these articals and your support..... Bev > > > > > > Suppressed TSH is associated with heart disease & osteoporosis, this > > is > > what my endo just told me today.... I don't believe it.. below is an > > address that states the oposite about osteo.. > > > > http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php > > <http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php> ... > > There are more. The association of low TSH with cardiac and osteo > problems is an invalid extrapolation from Grave's disease. Here are two > recent papers that show no osteoporosis on meds. > > A year 2000 study of 10,364 Swedish women, age 49-69, of whom 768 were > currently on thyroxine medication, showed absolutely no difference in > bone mass density between those on thyroxine and those not. > http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/1d62e2.htm > > V. Nuzzo, et al., Gynecol Endocrinol. 1998 Oct;12(5):333-7 studied 40 > premenopausal women with non-toxic goiter on L-thyroxine suppressive > therapy; result: absolutely no effect on bone density compared to > standards measured several different ways. > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=9859026 & dopt=Abstract > > You might ask her to show you a study that demonstrates that TSH > suppressed by thyroid medication is associated with either of those > problems. I haven't found any. > > Chuck > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 20, 2006 Report Share Posted October 20, 2006 Hi Chuck I was reading the articals and didn't find any references or anything about suppressed TSH and heart disease. Do you have anything or TSH and heart disease.. and I didn't really see my situation in the articals.. I won't know my new test results until in the morning but 7 weeks ago they were TSH suppressed to < .01 (0.34-4.82) , FT4 1.61 (0.80-1.80), FT3 5.1 (2.1-4.4) and I still have hypo symptoms and after these results she had me reduced my armour from 120 mg. to 90 mgs. an kept my cytomel at 50mcg. after this my temps. have went haywire.. it drops and I freeze then I start sweating and get hot. it's like I'm freezing, burning up and sweating all at the same time...I wondering if menopause has anything to do with it,, but it was after lowering the armour that it started happening.. thanks Bev > > > > > > Suppressed TSH is associated with heart disease & osteoporosis, this > > is > > what my endo just told me today.... I don't believe it.. below is an > > address that states the oposite about osteo.. > > > > http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php > > <http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php> ... > > There are more. The association of low TSH with cardiac and osteo > problems is an invalid extrapolation from Grave's disease. Here are two > recent papers that show no osteoporosis on meds. > > A year 2000 study of 10,364 Swedish women, age 49-69, of whom 768 were > currently on thyroxine medication, showed absolutely no difference in > bone mass density between those on thyroxine and those not. > http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/1d62e2.htm > > V. Nuzzo, et al., Gynecol Endocrinol. 1998 Oct;12(5):333-7 studied 40 > premenopausal women with non-toxic goiter on L-thyroxine suppressive > therapy; result: absolutely no effect on bone density compared to > standards measured several different ways. > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=9859026 & dopt=Abstract > > You might ask her to show you a study that demonstrates that TSH > suppressed by thyroid medication is associated with either of those > problems. I haven't found any. > > Chuck > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 20, 2006 Report Share Posted October 20, 2006 Bev, You wrote: > I was reading the articals and didn't find any references or > anything about suppressed TSH and heart disease. Do you have > anything or TSH and heart disease.. There are a bunch of papers linked here: http://www.mythyroid.com/heartdisease.html As with the osteoporosis, the links between low TSH and some cardiac problems have been well documented for thyroid cancer and even subclinical hyperthyroidism. I didn't read all these papers, so there may be one about meds causing it, but the ones I have looked at did not make that connection. The main reason may be that thyroid meds, especially T3, artificially suppress TSH without the usually associated adverse health effects. Please let us know if you find anything to the contrary. It would be nice to know where the endos get this idea. Chuck Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 20, 2006 Report Share Posted October 20, 2006 Chuck, Your wealth of information if much appreciated, however, the contradictory nature of scientific research is simply baffling. While following a link that you had given on hypo treatment and cardiac effect, I clicked on another link on that same page, published by the same website, and this is what I found: http://www.mythyroid.com/optimalthyroid.html " Some patients sensitive to and concerned about this issue who feel strongly about the need for exogenous T3 are taking thyroid extract, as available from companies such as Armour Pharmaceuticals, which contains a combination of both T4 and T3. Some thyroid extract preparations may not always be as standardized, compared to simple thyroxine tablets, with respect to the relative amounts of T4 and T3 in each preparation. Furthermore, taking T3, ideally in physiologically normal amounts but sometimes inadvertently in excess is not always without risk. T3 is ~ 10 times more potent than T4, and can have very significant and rapid effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Whereas T3 is often well tolerated in younger patients taking the correct dose, older patients with known or suspected heart disease should be extremely cautious about taking significant amounts of T3. A single dose of T3 can significantly increase oxygen consumption by the heart, which can be highly problematic and potentially dangerous in patients with coronary artery disease. Accordingly, patients considering T3 as a form of thyroid hormone replacement need to discuss the potential risks and benefits of such therapy in detail with their physician. For an example of cardiac risk in patients with high levels of T3, see Excess triiodothyronine as a risk factor of coronary events Arch Intern Med 2000 Jul 10;160(13):1993-9. " So, not only is it saying that products like Armour are, just as my doctor keeps blabbing, 'not standardized' and thus implying 'not safe' or 'not good', but that taking this T3 that we might 'inadvertedly' take 'in excess' would cause cardiac problems such as increased oxygen consumption. To be honest, I really need to know which research is right. I am 32 years old, and up until last year, I was very active, through my work and through excercizing and through hobbies like dancing and hiking. Now, if I run a flight of stairs, one little flight to catch a train, I can't catch my breath for a good few minutes, I huff and puff and gasp for air, and my heart races like I'm going to die. I try to keep active a little bit every day, mostly through walking and a little Pilates here and there, but if I exert myself any little bit, I'm done. I get nauseaus and dizzy, and have problem breathing. Now, according to my doc, the 180mg of Armour I was taking were way too much, and even the 165 now is too much. My TSH is suppressed to .01, and free T3 is SLIGHTLY above the normal range. However, since I cut down, I began getting daily headaches, again, and chest pain, and clavicle bone pain. And, more and more, I feel wiped out. I'm fine, then I just drop and I'm done. All of this, not to mention that my testosterone situation has not improved, not on the lower dosage, and not on the lower dosage either. The doc says that once the 'thyroid will even out', whatever that means, all, including this, will return to normal. However, just like with the 'too high' dosage of Armour, he believes supplementing with even the smallest amount of testosterone will cause heart problems. In the meantime, I walk around a mere nothing copy of my former self, always in pain, always exhausted, always retaining water and excess weight, never 'in the mood' or in the mood to do anything, really, often out of breath. I can't keep living like this. It's been 10 months since treatment, 16 years of suffering and made to feel like a hypocondriac... And, here I think I will finally get some answers, somewhere, anywhere, but everything is contradictory, and no real hope in sight. I'm just told to 'wait'. Not even an answer for how long to wait, what 'evened out' thyroid really means, nothing. So, is it safe to increase my dose back up, despite what the doc said, since I didn't feel any hyper symptoms? Or is the higher dosage really contributing to my problems? Or the the 'too little' dosage? Please, please help me find some clarification, with certainty. > > > I was reading the articals and didn't find any references or > > anything about suppressed TSH and heart disease. Do you have > > anything or TSH and heart disease.. > > There are a bunch of papers linked here: > http://www.mythyroid.com/heartdisease.html > > As with the osteoporosis, the links between low TSH and some cardiac > problems have been well documented for thyroid cancer and even > subclinical hyperthyroidism. I didn't read all these papers, so there > may be one about meds causing it, but the ones I have looked at did not > make that connection. The main reason may be that thyroid meds, > especially T3, artificially suppress TSH without the usually associated > adverse health effects. > > Please let us know if you find anything to the contrary. It would be > nice to know where the endos get this idea. > > Chuck > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 20, 2006 Report Share Posted October 20, 2006 neuromancer74, You wrote: > > ...the contradictory nature of scientific research is simply baffling.... Let's dissect what you quoted. First, this is not peer reviewed research. It is an opinion piece, an interpretation. Some opinions I trust, almost as much as the literature itself, which still does not give 100% confidence. This one has a bunch of suspect claims. For example: > http://www.mythyroid.com/optimalthyroid.html > <http://www.mythyroid.com/optimalthyroid.html> > > ... Some thyroid extract preparations may not always be as standardized, > compared to simple thyroxine tablets, with respect to the relative > amounts of T4 and T3 in each preparation. ... First, this mentions Armour in the preceding paragraph, but this sentence is more generalized. At one time Armour may have been less than perfectly standardized, but now, it is, making this statement patently false, or at least VERY out of date, if interpreted as applying to Armour. Those recent recalls were for instability, failing to maintain the standardized dose equivalent for 90 days. That is very different from failing to meeting initial standards. >...Furthermore, taking T3, ideally in physiologically normal amounts but sometimes > inadvertently in excess is not always without risk. ... Accordingly, patients > considering T3 as a > form of thyroid hormone replacement need to discuss the potential > risks and benefits of such therapy in detail with their physician. ... This part seems reasonable, but it really should apply to any prescription, not just Armour or T3. Too much at one time could be dangerous. If there were no risk, a medication would not require a prescription. > For an example of cardiac risk in patients with high levels of T3, > see Excess triiodothyronine as a risk factor of coronary events Arch > Intern Med 2000 Jul 10;160(13):1993-9. " > Perhaps you thought this was what we were talking about. It isn't. We were discussing TSH being too low. Here is the abstract of the paper cited: [begin abstract] Excess triiodothyronine as a risk factor of coronary events. s A, Ehlers M, Blank B, Exler D, Falk C, Kohlmann T, Fruehwald-Schultes B, Wellhoener P, Kerner W, Fehm HL. Medical Clinic 1, Medical University of Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in cardiac function, eg, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure, often accompany thyrotoxicosis. A relationship between thyroid hormone excess and the cardiac complications of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction (MI) remains largely speculative. METHODS: The results of thyroid function studies on blood samples drawn from a total of 1049 patients (aged 40 years or older) immediately on emergency medical admission were related to frequencies of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction as determined according to current diagnostic algorithms. After 3 years, those patients who had initially presented with angina pectoris or acute MI were observed for subsequent coronary events; of these (n=185), 98% of the subjects (n=181) could be reevaluated. RESULTS: On hospital admission, the relative rate of angina pectoris and MI was markedly high (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.2; P=.007) in patients with elevated serum free and total triiodothyronine (T(3)) levels. An initially elevated free T(3) level was a risk factor for subsequent coronary events during the 3-year follow-up (adjusted odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-17.4; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: An elevation of serum free T(3) levels at hospital admission is associated with a 2.6-fold greater likelihood of the presence of a coronary event. Moreover, an initially elevated T(3) level is associated with a 3-fold higher risk of developing a subsequent coronary event during the next 3 years. Excess T(3) seemed to be a factor associated with the development and progression of acute myocardial ischemia. [end abstract] See the difference? This is talking about elevated Free T3 ONLY. That means the Free T3 is above the normal range to produce the 2.6 factor of recurrence. This is not TSH suppressed by medication. It is elevated FT3, and the cause of elevation is not specified. These are simply walk in cardiac patients checked for FT3. That means it includes Grave's disease. How many is not specified in the abstract, and I don't have access to the full paper. I suppose it could be a majority. > So, not only is it saying that products like Armour are, just as my > doctor keeps blabbing, 'not standardized' and thus implying 'not > safe' or 'not good', but that taking this T3 that we > might 'inadvertedly' take 'in excess' would cause cardiac problems > such as increased oxygen consumption. After years on these lists, I have never seen anyone report FT3 above the normal range from taking Armour. The issue is always that TSH seems to be too low. That is the issue. > > To be honest, I really need to know which research is right.... So do the doctors. > ... Now, according to my doc, the 180mg of Armour I was taking were way > too much, and even the 165 now is too much. My TSH is suppressed > to .01, and free T3 is SLIGHTLY above the normal range.... I would vote for FT3 sitting right at the top of the range. Slightly above might be " close enough, " if you are still having symptoms. > ... However, > since I cut down, I began getting daily headaches, again, and chest > pain, and clavicle bone pain. And, more and more, I feel wiped > out. I'm fine, then I just drop and I'm done. Your reactions imply that something else is going on, adrenals perhaps. Was that checked? The best papers I have been able to find say that there is a risk from subclinical hyperthyroidism, but that is defined as high FT3 WITHOUT MEDICATION. Again, I haven't seen any evidence that a TSH just below the normal range is risky if it is caused by a T3 based medication. So, I would not push your FT3 any higher until you rule out other problems. OTOH, was your test taken right after your meds? Chuck Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 21, 2006 Report Share Posted October 21, 2006 docs don't know how to use Armour. usual dose of Armour is 180-300mg, not dosed to TSH test. Most hypos are undertreated, untreated, and/or on the wrong med. http://www.stopthethyroidmadness.com Gracia Chuck, Your wealth of information if much appreciated, however, the contradictory nature of scientific research is simply baffling. While following a link that you had given on hypo treatment and cardiac effect, I clicked on another link on that same page, published by the same website, and this is what I found: http://www.mythyroid.com/optimalthyroid.html " Some patients sensitive to and concerned about this issue who feel strongly about the need for exogenous T3 are taking thyroid extract, as available from companies such as Armour Pharmaceuticals, which contains a combination of both T4 and T3. Some thyroid extract preparations may not always be as standardized, compared to simple thyroxine tablets, with respect to the relative amounts of T4 and T3 in each preparation. Furthermore, taking T3, ideally in physiologically normal amounts but sometimes inadvertently in excess is not always without risk. T3 is ~ 10 times more potent than T4, and can have very significant and rapid effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Whereas T3 is often well tolerated in younger patients taking the correct dose, older patients with known or suspected heart disease should be extremely cautious about taking significant amounts of T3. A single dose of T3 can significantly increase oxygen consumption by the heart, which can be highly problematic and potentially dangerous in patients with coronary artery disease. Accordingly, patients considering T3 as a form of thyroid hormone replacement need to discuss the potential risks and benefits of such therapy in detail with their physician. For an example of cardiac risk in patients with high levels of T3, see Excess triiodothyronine as a risk factor of coronary events Arch Intern Med 2000 Jul 10;160(13):1993-9. " So, not only is it saying that products like Armour are, just as my doctor keeps blabbing, 'not standardized' and thus implying 'not safe' or 'not good', but that taking this T3 that we might 'inadvertedly' take 'in excess' would cause cardiac problems such as increased oxygen consumption. To be honest, I really need to know which research is right. I am 32 years old, and up until last year, I was very active, through my work and through excercizing and through hobbies like dancing and hiking. Now, if I run a flight of stairs, one little flight to catch a train, I can't catch my breath for a good few minutes, I huff and puff and gasp for air, and my heart races like I'm going to die. I try to keep active a little bit every day, mostly through walking and a little Pilates here and there, but if I exert myself any little bit, I'm done. I get nauseaus and dizzy, and have problem breathing. Now, according to my doc, the 180mg of Armour I was taking were way too much, and even the 165 now is too much. My TSH is suppressed to .01, and free T3 is SLIGHTLY above the normal range. However, since I cut down, I began getting daily headaches, again, and chest pain, and clavicle bone pain. And, more and more, I feel wiped out. I'm fine, then I just drop and I'm done. All of this, not to mention that my testosterone situation has not improved, not on the lower dosage, and not on the lower dosage either. The doc says that once the 'thyroid will even out', whatever that means, all, including this, will return to normal. However, just like with the 'too high' dosage of Armour, he believes supplementing with even the smallest amount of testosterone will cause heart problems. In the meantime, I walk around a mere nothing copy of my former self, always in pain, always exhausted, always retaining water and excess weight, never 'in the mood' or in the mood to do anything, really, often out of breath. I can't keep living like this. It's been 10 months since treatment, 16 years of suffering and made to feel like a hypocondriac... And, here I think I will finally get some answers, somewhere, anywhere, but everything is contradictory, and no real hope in sight. I'm just told to 'wait'. Not even an answer for how long to wait, what 'evened out' thyroid really means, nothing. So, is it safe to increase my dose back up, despite what the doc said, since I didn't feel any hyper symptoms? Or is the higher dosage really contributing to my problems? Or the the 'too little' dosage? Please, please help me find some clarification, with certainty. > > > I was reading the articals and didn't find any references or > > anything about suppressed TSH and heart disease. Do you have > > anything or TSH and heart disease.. > > There are a bunch of papers linked here: > http://www.mythyroid.com/heartdisease.html > > As with the osteoporosis, the links between low TSH and some cardiac > problems have been well documented for thyroid cancer and even > subclinical hyperthyroidism. I didn't read all these papers, so there > may be one about meds causing it, but the ones I have looked at did not > make that connection. The main reason may be that thyroid meds, > especially T3, artificially suppress TSH without the usually associated > adverse health effects. > > Please let us know if you find anything to the contrary. It would be > nice to know where the endos get this idea. > > Chuck > ---------- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.1.408 / Virus Database: 268.13.9/490 - Release Date: 10/20/2006 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 23, 2006 Report Share Posted October 23, 2006 My doctor made me stay in the cardiac division of the hospital for one day. He said that the medication I am taking for my thyroid can affect the heart. I am taking .75MCG Levothyroxine. Bev <bdowns45681@...> wrote: I found the post... thanks Chuck, I will do just that.. I have to call her in the morning at 9am.. thanks so much for your thoughts , your work on finding these articals and your support..... Bev > > > > > > Suppressed TSH is associated with heart disease & osteoporosis, this > > is > > what my endo just told me today.... I don't believe it.. below is an > > address that states the oposite about osteo.. > > > > http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php > > <http://www.altsupportthyroid.org/tsh/tshmedrefs5.php> ... > > There are more. The association of low TSH with cardiac and osteo > problems is an invalid extrapolation from Grave's disease. Here are two > recent papers that show no osteoporosis on meds. > > A year 2000 study of 10,364 Swedish women, age 49-69, of whom 768 were > currently on thyroxine medication, showed absolutely no difference in > bone mass density between those on thyroxine and those not. > http://www.pslgroup.com/dg/1d62e2.htm > > V. Nuzzo, et al., Gynecol Endocrinol. 1998 Oct;12(5):333-7 studied 40 > premenopausal women with non-toxic goiter on L-thyroxine suppressive > therapy; result: absolutely no effect on bone density compared to > standards measured several different ways. > http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi? cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=9859026 & dopt=Abstract > > You might ask her to show you a study that demonstrates that TSH > suppressed by thyroid medication is associated with either of those > problems. I haven't found any. > > Chuck > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 23, 2006 Report Share Posted October 23, 2006 Thanks for your thoughts P. I thought I would email back as what I decided to do about meds. when she said to lower them. My FT3 came back 5.3 (2.1-4.4), my FT4, FT4 was in lower range and TSH is <0.01 so since I have been freezing, very hot and sweating at the same time some times, I've decided to lower my Cytomel by 12.5 mcg. I'm now taking 37.5 mcg. of Cytomel.. She wanted me to lower the Cytomel by 1/2 but I'm not doing that, just 1/4 this time anyway.. I can always go back up if need be. I go to get test in 5 weeks again.. Bev > My doctor made me stay in the cardiac division of the hospital for one day. He said that the medication I am taking for my thyroid can affect the heart. I am taking .75MCG Levothyroxine. > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 24, 2006 Report Share Posted October 24, 2006 PATRICK, You wrote: > > My doctor made me stay in the cardiac division of the hospital for one > day. He said that the medication I am taking for my thyroid can affect > the heart. I am taking .75MCG Levothyroxine. Yes, sudden changes in T4 dose (but especially T3 dosage) can cause an oscillation in FT3. The oscillation can paradoxically swing to the high side, causing a momentary but extreme hyperT condition, which, in turn, can cause cardiac problems. However, that is not the question. We have been asking for peer reviewed research studies, not one practitioner's opinion or belief, that chronic suppressed TSH is associated with heart disease and osteoporosis. Clearly, Grave's disease has been documented to have those effects, but TSH suppressed by medication is not the same thing, even though many doctors assume it is equivalent. I'm asking for proof, double blind, peer reviewed, unmistakable, proof. BTW, 75 mcg is probably too little (also a cardiac risk) unless you are both male (assumed) and elderly. Or, if you still have partial thyroid function, which makes the oscillation scenario more likely. Chuck Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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