Guest guest Posted March 18, 2006 Report Share Posted March 18, 2006 Hi All: I¡¯ve attached some articles about Zeolite. There are 2 in all. It¡¯s long. Josie Liquid Activated Zeolite: Your First Line of Defense Against body Burden¡± Posted: March, 2006 by Owens Scientists describe the heavy load of chemicals found in the average person as a ¡°Body Burden.¡± Even before our children are born, unsuspecting mothers pass on synthetic chemicals and heavy metals of all kinds through the umbilical cord. A recent study by the Environmental Working Group, a nonprofit environmental research organization based in Washington, DC, detected 287 commercial chemicals, pesticides and pollutants in the umbilical cord blood of 10 newborn infants, randomly selected by the Red Cross from U.S. hospitals. The finding of these chemicals in the bloodstreams of the youngest and most vulnerable members of our society raises issues of substantial importance to public health and points to the need for major reforms to the nation's laws that aim to protect the public from chemical exposures. (See www.ewg.org) Researchers from MD , the University of Texas Cancer Center in Houston, claim that over 75% of cancers are caused by toxins. The Institute of Neurobiology in January 2006 presented research to show a direct correlation between the amount of amalgam fillings in a pregnant mother¡¯s mouth, and the chances of her child going on to develop autism. Could there really be a link? The definitive answer is YES. While it is difficult to measure a precise picture of human contamination (because chemical companies are not required to report to the EPA how their compounds are used nor are they responsible for monitoring where their products end up in the environment) the above cited study does give us much reason to be concerned and certainly would explain why such a high percentage of the public are suffering today from chronic diseases. The chemicals we cannot naturally eliminate end up accumulating in our bodies, and this growing body burden works to poison our tissues and cause or exacerbate disease. So what can we do? The main thing is to educate yourself in prevention - the food you eat, the household items you use to clean, deodorants, makeup and increasingly the dangers of EMF¡¯s. Limiting your intake or exposure is the best proactive approach. Did you know that ¡°Non-toxic¡± written on a label, for example, means that potentially 49% of people tested could have had a toxic side effect from the product? Always look for ¡°Toxin Free¡± to ensure safety. Until now traditional detoxification modalities centered on chelation with pharmaceutical grade EDTA, DMPS or DMSA. These are taken either orally or by injection, and have the power to bind with metals and move them out of the tissues. In this process, metals enter the bloodstream from various tissues, and for a time they circulate in the blood before they can be escorted out of the body. This is the danger phase, in which the metals can re-deposit in new areas causing a new and potentially more damaging symptom. Other detoxification supplements include Vitamin C, Chlorella and cilantro. These have only one binding site and so they are not really classed as chelators, which have two. What¡¯s new today, and is a liquid mineral supplement whose active ingredient is a porous volcanic ash called zeolite. Originally patented as an anti-cancer product, it is already being used as a powerful adjunct to traditional chelation. This is not a new substance. A micronized-powdered form has been used for centuries throughout Asia, where the story of the ¡°healing volcanic rocks¡± has been passed down from generation to generation. In fact, tons of zeolite was dropped at the Chernobyl site in 1986 to soak up the radioactive toxic waste. The breakthrough is the manner in which this particular zeolite is activated. It is cleaned through a proprietary process and suspended in an ionic solution where the zeolite is in single, di- and tri-molecular form. These small negatively charged particles can now enter the bloodstream where they go to work like ¡°molecular vacuum cleaners¡±. Their honeycomb framework of cavities and channels work at the cellular level trapping and removing allergens, heavy metals and harmful toxins. Case Study - Reynolds Children and na Reynolds are Rolfers/Massage practitioners in Seattle. na specializes in CranioSacral work and is also a qualified Waldorf teacher. The children are Waldorf educated, good students and athletes, all three were home births, not vaccinated and they are a 100% natural and organic food family. When their 3 children began exhibiting random unexplained symptoms - such as moving pain and numbness, emotional swings and headaches - it took and na about a year to identify the source of the problems as heavy metal toxicity, with the help of their family healthcare practitioner, ARNP. ¡°We found out the kids had extremely high levels of several heavy metals. We were quite alarmed at the severity of the toxicity levels, as we are a typical holistic Seattle family, and we¡¯ve always taken steps to keep toxicity levels down.¡± ¡° helped us out with specific supplementation to support the organs and overall health - but we were reluctant to begin a traditional chelation program. In the fall we heard about NCD, a liquid zeolite product from a friend who specializes in natural anti-cancer therapies. He assured us that it was safe, and after checking it out we set up a one-month trial, including before and after heavy metal tests. The results were spectacular.¡± Prior to taking the zeolite the kids tests showed abnormally high readings in mercury, aluminum, and lead, and high readings of cadmium and arsenic. The worst affected by the toxins was 10-yar old Mairead, who would often complain of pain and numbness in varying parts of her body. These pains had gone undiagnosed by all practitioners, and although she received acupuncture regularly for pain management and well being, the symptoms always returned. The two other children, Leila and , also showed abnormally high readings, although the effect the toxins had on their bodies was less apparent. The children took 8 drops of NCD (Natural Cellular Defense) 3 times daily and continued with this protocol for 21 days when their heavy metal levels were retested. After retesting, the mercury, lead and aluminum levels had dropped by more than 65% and some of the lower level toxins had flat lined. There were no noticeable or mentioned side effects during this treatment, and since the test results on 5th December 2005, Mairead and siblings have remained symptom and pain free. They continue a daily preventative use of 5 drops three times daily. , ARNP, skeptical at first about the efficacy of the product, has seen enough to warrant her adding it to her detox protocol. She continued, ¡°At last we have a relatively inexpensive natural product that can safely and effectively eliminate toxins from the body. There is absolutely no reason why every family should not incorporate this product into their wellness protocol.¡± , ARNP can be reached in Seattle at - 206-760-9266 or www.npjulie.com What can legally be said and claimed? The commercial nutritional version of this product is based on extensive research conducted by reputable and innovative scientists and is protected by U.S. Patent No. 6,288,045. The Activated Liquid Zeolite is 100% natural and safe for long term use as an oral supplement that has been proven to remove heavy metals and toxins, balance your body¡¯s pH and support a healthy immune system. It is not cytoxic to healthy human cells. One completed study by Harve Kaufman, Ph.D., the researcher who spent 11 years developing the original zeolite product, was based on 65 Stage IV cancer patients, all had been treated by Western medicine and had been told they had less than 6 weeks to live. Fifteen months after the study began, 51 of the 65 patients - 78% - were still alive, and all 51-tested negative for cancer. They were in complete remission. This is only one relatively small study, but it certainly warrants further investigation. What other medical professionals are saying. ¡°Tests strong in every case. A first step in even the most compromised situations. We¡¯ve seen results where none are expected, and recommend the Patented Liquid Zeolite highly to all of our Doctors and patients.¡± Dr. Dan Gleeson DC, DIBAK. " This product provides a simple, natural, and highly effective way to detoxify the body. I have seen phenomenal broad spectrum results in my practice in the first few weeks of providing this product to my patients. " Dr. Tom Zorich DC, Rocklin, CA NATURAL CELLULAR DEFENSE, ZEOLITES, AND ITS ACTIVITY PROPERTIES IN ELIMINATION OF HEAVY METALS By B. Norett, D.C. Forget chelation. For now, at least...as we currently have been using a new and extremely promising product that verifiably reduces heavy metal intoxication without any toxic side effect or contra-indication.* A random web search reveals mountains of evidence about pandemic toxic exposures to heavy metals ¡© newborns included. Any metabolic minded health practitioner will eventually come to the fundamental conclusion regarding the relationship of heavy metal toxicity and health issues. The ongoing investigation is always around finding more efficient and less harmful ways of eliminating tissue bound metals and excreting them without further burden to already weakened tissues and organs. Without addressing the underlying metals issue, treatments using many natural medicine approaches become merely palliative and symptomatic relief, and, allopathic in Naturopathic clothing. Removal of the stressors to a system is always the a priori option to improve the function of the system. We cannot ignore the metals issue any longer particularly when a product as efficient and easy to use as zeolites is available to us. Zeolites are a family of minerals and related minerals. They are hydrated aluminosilicates of the alkaline and alkaline-earth metals. About 40 natural zeolites have been identified during the past 200 years. Technically, zeolites are framework silicates with exchangeable cations that form in complex quaternary structures. They have 4,5, and 6-sided cavities that hold cations and anions. These zeolitic channels (or pores) are microscopically small and have molecular size dimensions such that they are often termed " molecular sieves " . The size and shape of the channels have extraordinary effects on the properties of cationic materials for adsorption processes, and this property leads to their use in separation processes, as in many commercial uses of zeolites today. Zeolite crystals have been grown on board the space shuttle and are undergoing extensive research into their formation and unique properties. Promising research using zeolites to clean up environmental radioactivity is also underway. Back to these pores and zeolitic channels: In the more useful zeolites, the spaces are interconnected and form long wide channels of varying sizes depending on the mineral. These channels allow the easy movement of the resident ions and molecules into and out of the structure. (Zeolites are characterized by their ability to lose and absorb water without damage to their crystal structures). Natural Cellular Defense (NCD) by Waiora is based on the above charcteristics. It is simply a purified type of zeolite suspended in solution, and is amphoteric ¡© viable in an acid or base solution. Being an inert substance, it does not degrade or change its chemistry by reacting with the cations it adsorbs. It has been shown that metal oxides and salts can disperse spontaneously to the surface and pores of zeolites. The NCD is specifically formulated to be charge and reaction specific in a specific reactivity series, meaning there are a low affinity for calcium, magnesium, potassium, etc., and a high affinity for lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. This is the good news in comparison to many oral and IV chelation protocols that can be compromising for osteoporotic individuals. I am personally convinced of the safety of the NCD for geriatric and advanced osteoporosis patients. More good news is that the zeolites are excreted with the adsorbed metallic cations maintaining isotonicity, or same tone as compared to other fluids in the body. This means there is no dumping, re- intoxicating, or trapping of the metal ions on their way out and the liver, kidney (particularly) and bowel are uncompromised. These brief comments here are gleaned from some easily available research, a little understanding of chemistry and electrostatic properties of minerals and metals, and nearly 30 years of clinical experience in Natural Medicine. The questions that remain for this practitioner surrounding the metals elimination properties of NCD, is around its activity and ability to address the profoundly embedded tissue-bound metals. We know that metals compartmentalize in specific sites in different individuals (e.g. hypothalamus, marrow, etc.) for multiple reasons: trauma, infection, inflammation, allergy sites, etc. We know that metal intoxications underlie mood disorders, chronic pain, cystic processes, connective tissue conditions, etc. ¡© dependent on the tissues affected. Does the NCD eventually get to these deeper encapsulated areas with the heavier protocol (10 drops 3x/day/10 days), or do we await the appropriate confluence of therapeutic interventions, conditions, and psycho-emotional release and resolutions inducing the next healing moment and dose-up then? I anticipate answers to this will be forthcoming soon. This information pertains to the heavy metals elimination properties of the NCD. The buffering activity toward a low systemic alkaline pH seems to me to be of incredible importance and power in the overall health experience of one taking NCD. The anti-tumor, bactericidal and anti-viral properties are subjects for future discussion. I hope this can serve to clarify a little bit of the mystery and mechanism of this important and timely discovery for our collective Health and Wellbeing. Thanks to the selfless jewel of a human being, Bob Schmidt for requesting this. *Metalic containing medications (i.e. Lithium, Platinum, etc. would contraindicate or warrant monitored usage. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MONOGRAPH b y R i k J . D e i t s c h Natural Cellular Defense Natural Cellular Defense SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH MONOGRAPH b y R i k J . D e i t s c h (where M1 is silicon, M2 is magnesium, M3 is aluminum) 4,5 di-cyclo, disilico, dimagnesium, dialumino, oxyo, trihydrate ABOUT THE AUTHOR Rik J Deitsch Rik J Deitsch is the Chief Executive Officer of Nutra Pharma Corporation - a publicly traded Biotechnology holding company and incubator dedicated to researching neurological disorders and viral diseases. Mr. Deitsch served as the President of NDA Consulting Inc., a biotechnology research group that provided consulting services to the pharmaceutical industry. Rik J. Deitsch also serves as the Chairman of the Waiora Scientific Advisory Board. In this role, he is responsible for overseeing the direction and development of Waiora¡¯s products as they relate to the company¡¯s overall product strategy. Leading a team of knowledgeable, well-respected and highly credentialed physicians and healthcare professionals, the Board recommends formulations and ingredients to create efficacious products for Waiora. Research conducted by Rik J Deitsch provided some of the beginning fundamentals for the development of some powerful new drugs. Mr. Deitsch has several papers and posters on rational drug design using computer simulations. He teaches several courses for Florida Atlantic University's Continuing Education Department and College of Business. Mr. Deitsch also teaches physician CME courses internationally, lecturing on lifestyle choices in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease states. He is also the co- author of Are You Age- Wise, a book that reviews current research in healthy aging as it relates to lifestyle choices and supplementation (www.areyouagewise.com). Copyright ¨Ï 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without permission from the author. About this Publication The information presented in this monograph is intended for professional education and is obtained from published research, articles, and books. This monograph is not intended to replace the care of a licensed health professional in the diagnosis and treatment of illness. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 4 Key Points Natural Cellular Defense is derived from a naturally-occurring mineral zeolite. Zeolites are considered 100 percent safe and non-toxic by the FDA. Natural Cellular Defense and its constituent zeolite have been shown to have the following functions: o Retains the natural zeolite property of reducing cancer risk o Acts as a potent anti-oxidant o May aid in balancing bodily pH levels o Acts to chelate and remove heavy metals from the system o Reduces the incidence of diarrhea o Improves nutrient absorption in the digestive tract o Acts to balance digestive pH, thus reducing acid reflux o Acts to stabilize immune system function (immunomodulatory) o Acts as a broad spectrum anti-viral agent Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 5 1. Introduction Zeolites are hydrated natural and synthetic microporous crystals with well- defined structures containing AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra linked through the common oxygen atoms. Most common natural zeolites are formed by alteration of glass-rich volcanic rocks (tuff) with fresh water in playa lakes or by seawater. The structures of zeolites consist of three-dimensional frameworks of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. The aluminum ion is small enough to occupy the position in the center of the tetrahedron of four oxygen atoms, and the isomorphous replacement of Si4+ by Al3+ produces a negative charge in the lattice. The net negative charge is balanced by the exchangeable cation (sodium, potassium, or calcium). Zeolites have been extensively used in various industrial applications based on their properties to act as catalysts, ion exchangers, adsorbents, and detergent builders. It is also known that silicates and aluminosilicates possess biological activity, either positive or negative. Talc and silica have been used in skin care for many decades, while well defined structures and catalytic activity make aluminosilicates an attractive model system for protein and enzyme mimetics. Recent results have also demonstrated that natural, biologically nontoxic zeolites are very effective as glucose adsorbents, and this has been suggested as a potential medication for individuals suffering from diabetes mellitus. Natural zeolites are crystalline, hydrated alluminosilicates of alkali and alkaline earth cations, having three-dimensional structures. They are characterized by the ability to lose and gain water reversibly and to exchange constituent cations (positively-charged particles) without major change of structure. The basis of interest in the biological effects of zeolites concerns one or more of their physical and chemical properties, such as ion exchange capacity, adsorption and related molecular sieve properties. For the purpose of this Review, only the properties of zeolites that address its effects as a supplement will be investigated. Although the mechanism of action of many of these claims is not well understood, the complex structure of the zeolite in question may provide clues to this mechanism. The zeolite acts as a ¡®cage¡¯ and allows the molecule to trap a variety of ions and compounds. By trapping charged particles, the zeolite can: act as an antioxidant, balance pH levels, lower incidence of heavy metal damage, improve nutrient absorption and reduce gastric reflux. The cage may also trap potential carcinogens, thereby reducing the risk of developing cancer. The anti-viral activity of zeolites may be founded in the molecule¡¯s ability to trap viral particles during assembly, thereby preventing viral assembly and proliferation. This paper will endeavor to categorize the major claims made by Natural Cellular Defense. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 6 2. Description Natural Cellular Defense is identified generically as 4,5 di-cyclo, disilico, dimagnesium, dialumino, oxyo, trihydrate (3Mg2+ 3Al2 O3 3SiO2 3H2O), which is a magnesium aluminosilicate. It is in the acetate, sulfate, chloride, or brominate form. Natural Cellular Defense is a slightly white, odorless, tasteless liquid. The zeolite particles are negatively charged in the entire pH range (pH 1-11). Electron microscopy shows an absence of fibers, and most particles are round with a very rough surface. The absence of fibrous, positively charged particles is encouraging since such particles are present in asbestos and erionite zeolites, which are highly carcinogenic and mutagenic. In addition, activated zeolite particles do not catalyze the production of hydroxyl radicals, unlike asbestos or erionite. It seems that absence of fibrous particles capable of producing hydroxyl radicals makes this zeolite sample nontoxic and noncarcinogenic, at least when applied orally. (where M1 is silicon, M2 is magnesium, M3 is aluminum) 4,5 di-cyclo, disilico, dimagnesium, dialumino, oxyo, trihydrate Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 7 3. Reducing Cancer Risk Factors The development of modern industry has caused increasingly serious pollution in the environment constituting a catastrophic health risk - including cancer. Cancer prevention is thus one of the challenges facing scientists in the 21st century and removal of carcinogens from the environment is an important step. Nitrosamines are probably the most widespread carcinogens, existing in the workplace, processed meats, cigarette smoke and beer. They are even produced in the stomach by the reaction of secondary amines and nitrite (NO2 -) both taken from foods. A 1976 report of German scientists showed that the uptake of nitrosamines for a person was as much as 700ng daily. The occurrence of gastric cancer was related to the nitrosamines in the stomach. Many carcinogenic agents like nitrosamines or their precursors enter the human stomach through diet and drinking. No matter how carefully food is prepared; there is a level of nitrosamine content. Environmental pollution makes this hidden trouble more serious, because of the contaminated food and polluted atmosphere. However, although nitrosamines are well-known carcinogenic substances, they require metabolic activation before reaction with DNA to cause mutation and cancer. Therefore, it is Mechanisms of action of potential anti-cancer supplements Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 8 possible and necessary to trap the nitrosamines in the digestive tract provided a selective adsorbent material is employed. To seek this functional material, zeolites are considered as the best candidates. Zeolites and molecular sieves have been employed in slow release drugs, enzyme mimetic drugs, anti-tumor drugs and additives in cigarettes to remove carcinogenic agents like nitrosamines. Numerous natural compounds are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases, including green tea and soybean extracts. Recent findings indicate that dietetic products and antioxidant compounds also have a beneficial effect particularly in cancer patients. In many cases the exact mechanism of their action is not fully understood. In the published literature the effect of natural zeolite particles on development of several cancer models in-vivo and invitro was studied. It has been found that zeolites may act as anticancer therapeutic agents in in-vivo animal studies and in tissue culture cell models. The constituent natural zeolite from Natural Cellular Defense applied orally in mice and dogs suffering from a variety of tumor types led to a significant shrinkage of some tumors and improvement in overall health status in some animals. The range of effects was diverse, ranging from negative antitumor response, to normalization of biochemical parameters, prolongation of life span, and decrease in tumor size. The best results in animal models were observed in the treatment of skin cancer in dogs, suggesting that adsorption of some active components is responsible for zeolite activity (direct contact action). Complementary studies performed in tissue culture indicated that zeolite treatment affects proliferation and survival of several cancer cell lines. Addition of zeolite inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, in part due to induction of inhibitors of cycline dependent kinases and induction of programmed cell death. The data indicates that zeolite treatment might affect cancer growth by attenuating survival signals and inducing tumor suppressor genes in treated cells. In addition, toxicology studies on mice and rats demonstrated that the treatment does not have negative effects. Finely ground natural zeolite powder has also been shown to induce activation of p21WAF1/CIP1. As a universal inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases and one of the target genes of the tumor suppresser p53, p21WAF1/CIP1 can act as a tumor suppresser through its ability to control cell cycle progression. Activation of p21WAF1/CIP1 may halt the growth of tumors by directly suppressing growth signals. However, tissue culture experiments demonstrated that activated zeolite particles inhibit protein kinase B/akt, another kinase involved in antiapoptotic processes and cancer promotion. This happens only when growth of cells in tissue cultures is stimulated by the addition of growth factors. Zeolite particles might adsorb growth factors or prevent interaction of protein kinase B with membranes, where it is phosphorylated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. It has recently been shown that inactivation of protein kinase B by, for example, the novel tumor suppressor molecule PTEN also results in induction of the tumor suppressor-CDK inhibitor p27KIP1. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 9 There also seems to be a relationship between p21WAF1/CIP1 and another protein kinase involved in cell " decisions " about proliferation, arrest or apoptosis, namely c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1. JNK-1 is a member of the recently discovered stress- activated protein kinases. Interestingly, while in reaction to stress such kinase activation results in apoptosis, its activation in some cancer cells actually promotes uncontrolled proliferation. This is particularly obvious in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Research has shown that p21WAF1/CIP1 inhibits JNK-1, and recent work indicates that those two molecules form a tight complex. Inactivation of JNK-1 may be part of the reason why antioxidants enhance cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents towards cancer cells, while, on the other hand, they protect neurons from apoptosis caused by free radical damage. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 10 4. Potent Antioxidant Oxygen is actually a toxic byproduct of the metabolism of lower cell organisms, and the body uses it to produce energy. Oxygen free radicals are created through a biochemical process at the cellular level. Oxygen and glucose are used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is a process during which electrons not bound to an oxygen molecule move from one such molecule to another seeking to bind to other unpaired electrons. These oxygen molecules that contain unpaired electrons are called oxygen free radicals. One percent to three percent of the oxygen we breathe creates oxygen free radicals, as do natural aging and chronic disease. In small amounts, some oxygen free radicals help to clean cells by taking part in phagocytosis, a function of a normal immune system, but as production of these radicals increases, they begin to attack and destroy cells. As their levels increase, oxygen free radicals attack and oxidize DNA, genetic molecular material that controls cell growth and development. Oxidation of DNA may lead to the adverse effects of aging, such as wrinkled skin, organ dysfunction, and cancer. As oxygen free radicals travel through the O2* - O2 H2O2 * OH H2O 4 e- reduction to water e- e- e- e- Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 11 blood, they set the stage for heart, blood vessel, cerebrovascular, and skeletal muscle disease by making it more difficult for cells to repair themselves. Free radicals can damage the intima in blood vessels, causing inflammation and thereby leading to increased plaque formation, which can contribute to stroke and cardiac disease. Oxygen free radicals also free iron, which is usually tightly bound to protein molecules. Excessive levels of free iron are associated with Alzheimer disease, dementia, and Parkinson disease. In addition, oxygen free radicals cause an increase in neuronal loss by changing DNA structure. When a significant number of neurons are degraded, the central nervous system can no longer maintain homeostasis, and physiologic functions such as receptormediated signal transmission necessary to memory may become defective or be lost. The cage structure of Natural Cellular Defense may help to trap free radicals, thereby inactivating them and preventing further damage to the surrounding tissue. This is completely unlike the action of the classic antioxidants. Compounds that have antioxidant properties include the vitamins A, C and E as well as the mineral selenium. There are also a host of other antioxidant compounds, including: flavanoids, catechins and specific enzymes. All of these antioxidants function by acting either as an electron donor or electron acceptor. This action stabilizes the free radical and halts the free radical cascade which would normally lead to further damage of the system and an eventual catastrophe (heart attack, stroke, cancer, etc..). All of these classic antioxidants have the ability to exist with one extra electron or one less electron without becoming a free radical in turn. Natural Cellular Defense may support Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 12 the action of these antioxidants through an entirely different mechanism. By literally trapping highly reactive free radicals, these dangerous compounds are inactivated and are easily eliminated from the system. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 12 5. Systemic pH levels The body has a wide array of mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the blood and extracellular fluid. The most important way that the pH of the blood is kept relatively constant is by buffers dissolved in the blood. Other organs help enhance the homeostatic function of the buffers. The kidneys help remove excess chemicals from the blood. It is the kidneys that ultimately remove (from the body) H+ ions and other components of the pH buffers that build up in excess. Acidosis that results from failure of the kidneys to perform this excretory function is known as metabolic acidosis. However, excretion by the kidneys is a relatively slow process, and may take too long to prevent acute acidosis resulting from a sudden decrease in pH (e.g., during exercise). The lungs provide a faster way to help control the pH of the blood. The increased-breathing response to exercise helps to counteract the pH- lowering effects of exercise by removing CO2, a component of the principal pH buffer in the blood. Acidosis that results from failure of the lungs to eliminate CO2 as fast as it is produced is known as respiratory acidosis. The kidneys and the lungs work together to help maintain a blood pH of 7.4 by affecting the components of the buffers in the blood. Therefore, to understand how these organs help control the pH of the blood, we must first discuss how buffers work in solution. Acid-base buffers confer resistance to a change in the pH of a solution when hydrogen ions (protons) or hydroxide ions are added or removed. An acid-base buffer typically consists of a weak acid, and its conjugate base (salt). Buffers work because the concentrations of the weak acid and its salt are large compared to the amount of protons or hydroxide ions added or removed. When protons are added to the solution from an external source, some of the base component of the buffer is converted to the weak-acid component (thus using up most of the protons added); when hydroxide ions are added to the solution (or, equivalently, protons are removed from the solution), protons are dissociated from some of the weak- acid molecules of the buffer, converting them to the base of the buffer (and thus replenishing most of the protons removed). However, the change in acid and base concentrations is small relative to the amounts of these species present in solution. Hence, the ratio of acid to base changes only slightly. Thus, the effect on the pH of the solution is small, within certain limitations on the amount of H+ or OH- added or removed. By far the most important buffer for maintaining acid-base balance in the blood is the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer. The simultaneous equilibrium reactions of interest are: To more clearly show the two equilibrium reactions in the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer, the equation is rewritten to show the direct involvement of water: Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 13 The equilibrium on the left is an acid-base reaction. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is the acid and water is the base. The conjugate base for H2CO3 is HCO3 - (bicarbonate ion). Carbonic acid also dissociates rapidly to produce water and carbon dioxide, as shown in the equilibrium on the right. This second process is not an acid-base reaction, but it is important to the blood's buffering capacity. Note that as acid is added, the pH decreases and the buffer shifts toward greater H2CO3 and CO2 concentration. Conversely, as base is added, the pH increases and the buffer shifts toward greater HCO3 - concentration. Other buffers perform a more minor role than the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer in regulating the pH of the blood. The phosphate buffer consists of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in equilibrium with dihydrogen phosphate ion (H2PO4 -) and H+. The phosphate buffer only plays a minor role in the blood, however, because H3PO4 and H2PO4 - are found in very low concentration in the blood. Hemoglobin also acts as a pH buffer in the blood. The hemoglobin protein can reversibly bind either H+ (to the protein) or O2 (to the Fe of the heme group). When one of these substances is bound, the other is released. During exercise, hemoglobin helps to control the pH of the blood by binding some of the excess protons that are generated in the muscles. At the same time, molecular oxygen is released for use by the muscles. Being amphoteric, zeolites are partly soluble in acid or alkaline media, but within the physiological pH range the solubility is generally low. Minimal amounts of free aluminium or silicium from the ingested zeolites are resorbed from the gut. In view of the ion exchange properties, zeolites may be expected to change the ionic content, pH and buffering capacity of their surroundings. The zeolite cage system may exchange for varying excess ions found in the zeolite¡¯s immediate environment. This would have the overall effect of buffering the surrounding system and regulating pH to near-physiological levels. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 14 6. Heavy Metals and Chelation Many toxic heavy metals have been discharged into the environment as industrial wastes, causing serious soil and water pollution. Lead (Pb+2), Copper (Cu+2), Iron (Fe+3) and Chromium (Cr+3) are especially common metals that tend to accumulate in organisms, causing numerous diseases and disorders. They are also common groundwater contaminants at industrial and military installations. The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. These metals have been extensively studied and their effects on human health regularly reviewed by international bodies such as the WHO. Heavy metals have been used by humans for thousands of years. Although several adverse health effects of heavy metals have been known for a long time, exposure to heavy metals continues, and is even increasing in some parts of the world, in particular in less developed countries, though emissions have declined in most developed countries over the last 100 years. Cadmium compounds are currently mainly used in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium emissions have increased dramatically during the 20th century, one reason being that cadmium-containing products are rarely recycled, but often dumped together with household waste. Cigarette smoking is a major source of cadmium exposure. In non-smokers, food is the most important source of cadmium exposure. Recent data indicate that adverse health effects of cadmium exposure may occur at lower exposure levels than previously anticipated, primarily in the form of kidney damage but possibly also bone effects and fractures. Measures should be taken to reduce cadmium exposure in the general population in order to minimize the risk of adverse health effects. The general population is exposed to lead from air and food in roughly equal proportions. During the last century, lead emissions to ambient air have caused considerable pollution, mainly due to lead emissions from petroleum. Children are particularly susceptible to lead exposure due to high gastrointestinal uptake and the permeable blood-brain barrier. Blood levels in children should be reduced below the levels so far considered acceptable, recent data indicating that there may be neurotoxic effects of lead at lower levels of exposure than previously anticipated. Although lead in petroleum has dramatically decreased over the last decades, thereby reducing environmental exposure, phasing out any remaining uses of lead additives in motor fuels should be encouraged. The use of lead-based paints should be abandoned, and lead should not be used in food containers. In particular, the public should be aware of glazed food containers, which may leach lead into food. Numerous processes exist for removing dissolved heavy metals, including ion exchange, precipitation, phytoextraction, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis. The use of alternative lowcost materials as potential sorbents for the removal of heavy metals has been emphasized recently. The structures of zeolites consist of three-dimensional frameworks of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. The aluminum ion is small enough to occupy the position in the center of the tetrahedron of four oxygen atoms, and the isomorphous replacement of Si4+ by Al3+ produces a negative charge in the lattice. The net negative charge is balanced by the exchangeable cation (sodium, potassium, or calcium). These cations are exchangeable with certain cations in solutions such as lead, cadmium, zinc, and manganese. The fact that zeolite exchangeable Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 15 ions are relatively innocuous (sodium, calcium, and potassium ions) makes them particularly suitable for removing undesirable heavy metal ions from the environment and bodily systems. One of the earliest applications of a natural zeolite was in removal and purification of cesium and strontium radioisotopes. Studies have shown that the constituent zeolite in Natural Cellular Defense has a high affinity for trapping lead, cadmium and other potentially harmful heavy metals. Through the process of cation exchange, Natural Cellular Defense may lower overall heavy metal exposure in individuals. This would have a dramatic effect in the risk reduction of certain cancers and heart disease - the two leading causes of death in the United States. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 16 7. Digestive disorders Natural silicate materials have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities and have been used successfully as a vaccine adjuvant and for the treatment of diarrhea. The potential growth promoting action of natural zeolites has been attributed to their high affinity for ammonium ions, resulting to the reduction in the uptake of ammonia produced from deamination of proteins during the digestive processes via the intestinal wall. Ammonia is recognized as a cell toxicant in higher animals and the reduction of the amount which the intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to, could lead to a reduction of epithelial turnover, a sparing of energy and a better nutrient utilization. In other words, the ability of Natural Cellular Defense to trap ammonium ions allows for a less toxic digestive tract and better overall nutrient uptake from food and supplements. The best known positive biological activity of natural zeolite is its action as an anti-diarrheal drug. Zeolites lower the incidence of death and sickness (diarrheal syndrome) produced by intestinal diseases in swine, rats, and calves. Based on these results a comprehensive study was carried out on anti-diarrheal drugs based on natural zeolite as an active material, in the therapy of acute diarrheal diseases in humans. The research led to approval of the antidiarrheal drug Enterex for use in humans Peroral use of encapsulated zeolite powders enriched with vitamins, oligoelements or other ingredients has been claimed to exert beneficial medical effects. Ingestion of zeolites may be considered analogous to the clay eating (geophagia), considered in traditional medicine as a remedy for various illnesses. The bulk of ingested zeolite probably remains undissolved in the gut. In view of the ion exchange properties, zeolites may be expected to change the ionic content, pH and buffering capacity of the gastrointestinal secretions and to affect the transport through the intestinal epithelium. In addition, zeolites could affect the bacterial flora and the resorption of bacterial products, vitamins and oligoelements. The contact of zeolite particles with gastrointestinal mucosa may elicit the secretion of cytokines with local and systemic actions. This creates a healthier digestive tract with beneficial microflora and microfauna. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 17 8. Immune system modulation Accumulating evidence has indicated that zeolites play an important role in regulating the immune system. Several studies have reported that silica, silicates, and aluminosilicates act as nonspecific immunostimulators similarly to superantigens. Superantigens are a class of immunostimulatory and disease-causing proteins of bacterial and viral origin with the ability to activate relatively large fractions (5-20%) of the T cell population. Activation requires simultaneous interaction of the superantigens with V-domain of T cell receptor and with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Proinflammatory macrophages, which belong to class II MHC antigen- presenting cells, are activated by fibrogenic silicate particulates. Indeed, experiments have shown that removal of MHC class II DP/DR positive cells results in a lack of macrophage stimulation by asbestos. Direct interaction of silicate particles with cells other than lymphocytes has also been identified and described. It seems that mineral particles can trigger alterations in gene expression by initiating signaling events upstream of gene transactivation. Exposure of cells to silicate particles has been shown to lead to activation of mitogen- activated protein kinases (MAPK), protein kinase C, and stress-activated protein kinases. Important transcription factors such as activator protein 1 and nuclear factor B are also activated, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor _is enhanced. Modifications in receptor activation kinetics or activity of integrins may be responsible for the observed behavior The aim of one study was to evaluate the antiviral properties of a natural non-toxic zeolite. Herein, a fine powder of micronized zeolite (MZ) was obtained. Different viral suspensions were treated with MZ in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 50 mg/ml. The viral proliferation was evaluated by optical microscope as percentage of cytopathic effect (CPE). Human adenovirus 5, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) and human enteroviruses (coxsackievirus B5 and echovirus 7) were used in the antiviral assay. Concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mg/ml of MZ induced a very low antiviral effect or the antiviral was not observed at all, while concentrations of 12, 25 and 50 mg/ml of MZ induced a significant inhibitory effect upon viral proliferation. MZ inhibited the viral proliferation of HSV 1, coxsackievirus B5 and echovirus 7 more efficiently than adenovirus 5. The antiviral effect of MZ seems to be nonspecific and is more likely based on the incorporation of viral particles into pores of MZ aggregates than ion exchange properties of the zeolite. Preliminary results indicate a possibility of therapeutic application of MZ, either locally (skin) against herpesvirus infections or orally in cases of adenovirus or enterovirus infections. The aim of a prospective, open, and controlled parallel-group study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with another zeolite on the cellular immune system in patients undergoing treatment for immunodeficiency disorder. A total of 61 patients were administered daily zeolite doses for 6 to 8 weeks, during which the patients' primary medical therapy was continued unchanged. Blood and lymphocyte counts were performed at baseline and at the end of the study. Blood count parameters were not relevantly affected in either of the two treatment groups. Zeolite administration resulted in significantly increased CD4+, Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 18 CD19+, and HLA-DR+ lymphocyte counts and a significantly decreased CD56+ cell count. No adverse reactions to the treatments were observed. 9. Safety and Tolerability Food additives and supplements in the U.S.A. are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 21. Zeolites (CFR Title 21 (182.2727)) and Sodium Magnesium or Aluminum Silicates under CFR Title 21 (182.2227) are listed as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe), and are permitted as food additives (supplements) without FDA approval. Furthermore, all ingredients (zeolites) are found on the TSCA listing of GRAS chemicals used in every day commerce in the United States. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 19 10. Appendix 1 - References: Aikoh T, Tomokuni A, Matsukii T, Hyodoh F, Ueki H, Otsuki T, Ueki A (1998) Activationinduced cell death in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after stimulation with silicate in vitro. Int J Oncol 12:1355-1359 Bedioui F (1995) Zeolite-encapsulated and clay-intercalated metal porphyrin, phthalocyanine and Schiff-base complexes as models for biomimetic oxidation catalysts: an overview. Coordination Chem Rev 144:39-68 Breck DW (1964) Crystalline molecular sieves. J Chem Educ 41:678-689 Cheshmedzhiev, B.V.,Angelov,A.,Nestorov,N., Bakalivanov, S., Cheshmedzhieva, R. (1985) Effect of zeolite in the feeding of pregnant and nursing sows and sucking piglets. Zhivotnov `'dni Nauki 22, 40-46 (abstract) Chinery R, Brockman JA, Peeler MO, Shyr Y, Beauchamp RD, Coffey RJ (1997) Antioxidants enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer-a p53 independent induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 via C/EBP¥â. Nat Med 3: 1233-1241 C¢® olic¢¥ M, Pavelic¢¥ K (2000) Molecular mechanisms of anticancer activity of some natural dietetic products. J Mol Med 78:333-336 Coffey, M. T & Pilkington, D. W. (1989) Effect of feeding Zeolite-A on the performance and carcass quality of swine. Journal of Animal Science 67 (Supplement 2), 36 (abstract) Colella C (1999) Natural zeolites in environmentally friendly processes and applications. Stud Surface Sci Catalysis 125:641-655 Concepcion-bal B, -Fuentes G, Simon-Carballo R (1997) Development and featuring of the zeolitic active principle FZ: a glucose adsorbent. Zeolites 19:47-50 EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR THE EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS (1998) Guideline On Good Clinical Practices. EMEA/CVMP/595/98: London, UK Flanigen EM (1980) Molecular sieve zeolite technology-the first twenty-five years. In: Rees LVC (ed) Proceedings of the5th International Conference on Zeolites. Heyden, London, pp 760-780 Garces JM (1999) Observations on zeolite applications. In: Treacz MMJ, Marcus BK, Misher ME, Higgins JB (eds) Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Zeolites. Materials Research Society, Warrendale, pp 551-566 Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 20 Harvey, R. B., Kubena, L. F., Elissalde, M. H. & , T. D. (1993) Efficacy of zeolitic ore compounds on the toxicity of aflatoxin to growing broiler chickens. Avian Diseases 37, 67-73 , R. 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Barer, Zeolites and Clay Minerals as Sorbent and Molecular Sieves, Academic Press, New York, 1987. -Fuentes G, Barrios MA, Iraizoz A, Perdomo I, Cedre B (1997) Enterex - antidiarrheic drug based on purified natural clinoptilolite. Zeolites 19:441-448 Roussel, J. D., Thibodeaux, J. K., Adkinson, R. W., Toups, G. M. & Goodeaux, L. L. (1992) Effect of feeding various levels of sodium zeolite A on milk yield, milk composition and blood profiles in thermally stressed Holstein cows. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 62, 91-98 Sersale R (1985) Natural zeolites: processing, present and possible applications. Stud Surface Sci Catalysis 24:503-512 Shurson, G. C., Ku, P. K., , E. R. & Yokohama, M. T. (1984) Effects of zeolite A or clinoptilolite in diets of growing swine. Journal of Animal Science 59, 1536-1545 Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 22 , T. K. (1980) Effect of dietary protein, alfalfa, and zeolite on excretory patterns of 50,5 0,7 0,7 0-[3H] zearalenone in rats. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 58, 1251-1255 Ueki A, Yamaguchi M, Ueki H, Watanabe Y, Ohsawa G, Kinugawa K, Kawakami Y, Hyodoh F (1994) Polyclonal human T-cell activation by silicate in vitro. Immunology 82: 332-335 Wang, Y., Zhu, J.H., Yan, D., Huang, W.Y., Ma, L.L., 2001. Adsorption of N- nitrosamines by zeolites in solutions. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 135, 226. Weiner, H.C., 1997. Oral tolerance: immune mechanisms and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunol. Today 18, 335-343. Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, J.H., Ma, L.L., Liu, L., 2002. Progress in the application of zeolite in the life science: novel additive for cigarette to remove N-nitrosamines in smoke. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal. 142, 1489-1496. Xu, Y., Yun, Z.-Y., Zhu, J.H., Xu, J.-H., Liu, H.-D., Wei, Y.-L., Hui, K.- J., 2003a. Trapping volatile nitrosamines with the copper incorporated zeolites. Chem. Commun., 1894-1895. Xu, Y., Zhu, J.H., Ma, L.L., Ji, A., Wei, Y.L., Shang, X.Y., 2003b. Removing nitrosamines from main-stream smoke of cigarette by zeolite. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 60, 125-137. Yannakopoulos, A., Tserveni-Gousi, A., Kassolifournaraki, A., Tsirambides, A., Michailidis, K., Filippidis, A., Lutat, U. (2000) Effects of dietary clinoptilolite-rich tuff on the performance of growing-finishing pigs. In: Natural Zeolites for the Third Millenium. Eds C., Coela & F.A., Mumpton. Napoli, Italy: De Frede Editore, pp. 471-481 Zhu, J.H., Yan, D., Xia, J.R., Ma, L.L., Shen, B., 2001. Attempt to adsorb N-nitrosamines in solution by use of zeolites. Chemosphere 44, 949-956. Natural Cellular Defense Scientific Research Monograph 23 11. Appendix 2 - Patent Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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