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This is from “Diabetes Control.com” Diabetes In Control - Deadly

Connection Between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s and Dementia

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December 27, 2006

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Items for the Week:

Deadly Connection Between Diabetes and Alzheimer’s and Dementia

on Tuesday, December 19 @ 11:22:26 CST

AGEs form in the brains of Alzheimer’s sufferers early in the disease

process and elevated blood sugars in those with diabetes increase the

formation of

AGEs.

With skyrocketing incidence rates that are expected to soar even higher in

the future, diabetes is rapidly transforming the health landscape of the

United

States and other Western nations. It is no exaggeration to say that diabetes

now looms as one of the most costly, destructive medical epidemics of the

early 21st century.

New research suggests that those with insulin resistance or diabetes are at

significantly higher risk of developing one of today’s most devastating and

incurable neurological disorders: Alzheimer’s disease.

The emerging connection between diabetes and Alzheimer’s is yet another

compelling reason for those who value their health to address issues of

impaired

insulin sensitivity before it is too late. Although diabetes is an emerging

epidemic, it is also wholly preventable and reversible through strategies

that

incorporate dietary changes, lifestyle modifications, and nutritional

supplementation.

Achieving and maintaining optimal blood sugar and insulin sensitivity may

thus be one of the most important steps you can take to protect yourself

against

an array of life-threatening conditions—including diabetes and

mind-destroying dementia.

The many ways in which insulin resistance and diabetes can damage one’s

health are now widely recognized by most doctors. High blood sugar can

damage your

blood vessels and nerves, which in turn can lead to such debilitations as

blindness, kidney damage, and heart disease, and eventually to an early

death.

However, what many mainstream physicians may not be aware of is that

diabetes can also lead to the formation of damaging substances known as

advanced glycation

end products, or AGEs.

Advanced glycation end products are sugar-derived substances that form in

the human body through the interaction between carbohydrates and proteins,

lipids,

or nucleic acids such as DNA. Once formed, AGEs adversely affect the

structure and function of proteins and the tissues that contain these

proteins...

Recent studies have shown that both the formation and accumulation of AGEs

are enhanced in diabetes. These proteins damaged by the glycation process

may

thus play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic

complications—and, as we shall see, in the development of Alzheimer’s

disease.

Advanced glycation end products become even more destructive when coupled

with free radicals formed during cellular energy production. These highly

reactive

agents produce oxidative stress that can cause cellular damage. Researchers

now believe that oxidative stress may be involved in the formation of

advanced

glycation end products, which in turn may induce even more oxidative stress.

In fact, most AGEs that accumulate in proteins are produced under conditions

of high oxidative stress. New evidence shows that oxidative stress may be an

important causative factor in both insulin resistance and type II diabetes.

Alzheimer’s disease now affects more than 15 million people worldwide. With

the rapid aging of society (an estimated 30 percent of the U.S. population

will

be 65 or older by 2050), upwards of 14 million Americans are projected to

develop Alzheimer’s in the coming decades.

While medical researchers have yet to pinpoint a single cause of Alzheimer’s

disease, they have uncovered some of the basic biochemical processes that

underlie

the hallmark mental changes seen in Alzheimer’s.

First, Alzheimer’s sufferers exhibit a marked decline in levels of

acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter... that is vitally important to memory

formation and

retention in certain regions of the brain. Second, Alzheimer’s patients

demonstrate an accumulation of harmful beta amyloid deposits, or senile

plaques,

in the brain. Third, brain autopsies of Alzheimer’s patients show signs of

significant oxidative damage induced by free radicals. Finally, new research

indicates that advanced glycation end products may also initiate this

dreaded condition.

A newly published review article examines the role of AGEs and oxidative

stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists found that advanced glycation end

products

were present in higher amounts in the biopsied brains of patients who had

died from Alzheimer’s than in those who died from other causes. They also

presented

evidence that AGEs form in the brains of Alzheimer’s sufferers early in the

disease process.

Weili Xu – Borderline Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer

Disease: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study (Funders: Alzheimer’s

Association,

Gamla Tjänarinnor Foundation, Swedish Research Council)

A. Whitmer – Glycemic Control and Risk of Dementia in a Cohort of

Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (Funder: NIDDK/NIH)

Michal Schnaider Beeri – Advanced Glycation Is Associated with Cognitive

Impairment in Very Old Women (Funder: NIA/NIH)

Diabetes Care 2006;29:2728-2729.

================================

Start your own walking program

New StepTracker Available at special prices. See the results of the Step

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===========================

DID YOU KNOW:

Hospitalization of Obese Patients More than Doubles: Hospital stays of obese

patients increased by 112 percent between 1996 and 2004, rising from 797,000

to 1.7 million, according to a new report by HHS’ Agency for Healthcare

Research and Quality. The federal study looked at the hospital stays of

patients

who were admitted for their obesity and the stays of obese patients

hospitalized for other diseases. Based on findings in Obese Patients in U.S.

Hospitals,

2004, HCUP Statistical Brief # 20

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