What do amalgams have to do w/RT3 building up?

[Guest guest]

Hi There

asked my what do amalgams have to do with RT3 buiding up

See

MERCURY: Influences on Body Chemistry

http://www.drkaslow.com/html/mercury_s_influence.html

There are many many more articles, studies, books about Mercurys

affects.

I have reproduced just one below

===============================================================

STUDIES HAVE DOCUMENTED THAT MERCURY CAUSES HYPOTHYROIDISM

http://www.amalgam.se/windham.html

Hypothyroidism during pregnancy as cause of developmental delays,

reduced IQs, and autism - the mercury and toxic metal

connection.

B Windham, (Ed)

Studies have documented that MERCURY CAUSES HYPOTHYROIDISM,50. 84,

390, 407 DAMAGE OF THYROID RNA,458 AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS 369, 382,

91 and IMPAIRMENT OF CONVERSION OF THYROID T4 HORMONE TO THE ACTIVE

T3 FORM.369, 382, 390, 407, 50d

THESE STUDIES AND CLINICAL EXPERIENCE INDICATE THAT MERCURY AND TOXIC

METAL EXPOSURES APPEAR TO BE THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM

and the majority treated by metals detoxification recover or

significantly improve.503 Thousands of tests at medical labs and

many studies have documented that dental amalgam is the largest

source of mercury in most adults that have several amalgam fillings,

with exposures much above government health guidelines.501

Studies have also documented that for most mothers who have several

amalgam fillings, the mother's dental fillings are the largest source

of mercury in the fetus and a significant source in infants.502

The estimated prevalence of hypothyroidism from a large federal

health survey, NHANES III, was 4.6%, but the incidence was twice as

high for women as for men and many with sub clinical hypothyroidism

are not aware of their condition.3a Another large study found that

11.7% tested had abnormal thyroid TSH levels with 9.5% being

hypothyroid and 2.1% hyperthyroid.3b According to survey tests, 8 to

10 % of untreated women were found to have thyroid imbalances so the

actual level of hypothyroidism is higher than commonly recognized.508

Even larger percentages of women had elevated levels of

antithyroglobulin(anti-TG) or antithyroid peroxidase antibody(anti-

TP). Tests have found approx. 30% of pregnant women to have low free

T4 in the first trimester.509b.

Thyroid hormones are of primary importance for the perinatal

development of the central nervous system, and for normal function of

the adult brain.10a Hypothyroidism of the adults causes most

frequently dementia and depression. Nearly all the hyperthyroid

patients show minor psychiatric signs, and sometimes psychosis,

dementia, confusion state, depression, apathetic thyrotoxicosis,

thyrotoxic crisis, seizures, pyramidal signs, or chorea occur.10a

These hormones primarily regulate the transcription of specific

target genes. They increase the cortical serotonergic

neurotransmission, and play an important role in regulating central

noradrenergic and GABA function.

Studies indicate that slight thyroid deficiency/imbalance(sub

clinical) during the perinatal period can result in delayed

neuropsychological development in neonate and child or permanent

neuropsychiatric damage in the developing fetus or autism or mental

retardation.10, 509, 511 Low first trimester levels of free T4 and

positive levels of anti-TP antibodies in the mother during pregnancy

have been found to result in significantly reduced Iqs509e and causes

psychomotor deficits.509f Women with the highest levels of thyroid-

stimulating-hormone(TSH) and lowest free levels of thyroxin 17 weeks

into their pregnancies were significantly more likely to have

children who tested at least one standard deviation below normal on

an IQ test taken at age 8.509a Based on study findings, maternal

hypothyroidism appears to play a role in at least 15% of children

whose IQs are more than 1 standard deviation below the mean, millions

of children. Overt autoimmune thyroiditis is preceded by a rise in

levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. " Collectively, reports show

that 30-60% of women positive for TPO antibodies in pregnancy develop

postpartum thyroiditis, " the researchers point out,561, 8 calling

it " a strong association. " Without treatment, many of the women with

thyroiditis go on to develop overt clinical hypothyroidism as they

age and, eventually, associated complications such as cardiovascular

disease. About 7.5% of pregnant women develop thyroiditis after

birth.8 Studies have also established a connection between maternal

thyroid disease and babies born with heart defects.509h

Infants of women with hypothyroxinemia at 12 weeks' gestation had

significantly lower scores on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment

Scale orientation index compared with subjects.10b Regression

analysis showed that first-trimester maternal free thyroid hormone T4

was a significant predictor of orientation scores. This study

confirmed that maternal hypothyroxinemia constitutes a serious risk

factor for neurodevelopmental difficulties that can be identified in

neonates as young as 3 weeks of age.

Mercury (especially mercury vapor from dental amalgam or organic

mercury) rapidly crosses the blood brain barrier and is stored

preferentially in the PITUITARY GLAND, THYROID GLAND, HYPOTHALAMUS,

AND OCCIPITAL CORTEX in direct proportion to the number and extent of

dental amalgam surfaces,14, 19, 85, 99, 273, 274, 407 and likewise

rapidly crosses the placenta and accumulates in the fetus including

the fetal brain and hormone glands at levels commonly higher than the

level in the mother.20, 22-27

Milk from mothers with 7 or more mercury amalgam dental fillings was

found to have levels of mercury approximately 10 times that of

amalgam free mothers.22b The milk sampled ranged from 0.2 to 57

ug/L. In a population of German women, the concentration of mercury

in early breast milk ranged from 0.2 to 20.3 ug/L.26 A Japanese study

found that the average mercury level in samples tested increased 60%

between 1980 and 1990.25 The study found that prenatal Hg exposure is

correlated with lower scores in neurodevelopmental screening, but

more so in the linguistic pathway.25 The level of mercury in

umbilical cord blood, meconium, and placenta is usually higher than

that in mother's blood.23 - 25

The thyroid gland has iodine binding sites where the iodine needed

for its function is obtained. For those with chronic mercury

exposure the MERCURY OCCUPIES SOME OF THE IODINE BINDING SITES,

BLOCKING FULL UTILIZATION OF IODINE BY THE THYROID, in addition to

the direct damage to the thyroid since mercury is highly

cytotoxic.392, 394, etc

Alterations of cortical neuronal migration and cerebellar Purkinje

cells have been observed in autism. Neuronal migration, via reelin

regulation, requires triiodothyronine (T3) produced by deiodination

of thyroxine (T4) by fetal brain deiodinases.407 Experimental animal

models have shown that transient intrauterine deficits of thyroid

hormones (as brief as 3 days) result in permanent alterations of

cerebral cortical architecture reminiscent of those observed in

brains of patients with autism. Early maternal hypothyroxinemia

resulting in low T3 in the fetal brain during the period of neuronal

cell migration (weeks 8-12 of pregnancy) may produce morphological

brain changes leading to autism.

Insufficient dietary iodine intake and a number of environmental

antithyroid and goitrogenic agents such as MERCURY, soy, and peanuts

can affect maternal thyroid function during pregnancy. The thyroid

gland has iodine binding sites where the iodine needed for its

function is obtained. For those with chronic mercury exposure the

mercury occupies some of the iodine binding sites, blocking full

utilization of iodine by the thyroid, in addition to the DIRECT

DAMAGE TO THE THYROID since mercury is highly cytotoxic.

Mercury can have significant effects on THYROID function even though

the main hormone levels remain in the normal range, so the usual

thyroid tests are not adequate in such cases.

Prenatal METHYLMERCURY exposure severely affects the activity of

selenoenzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and 5-

iodothyronine deiodinases(5-Di and 5'-DI) in the fetal brain, even

though thyroxine(T4) levels are normal(390de). Another mechanism by

which mercury exerts such effects is mercury's effects on SELENIUM

levels which are required for conversion of T4 to T3.392, 390d Gpx

activity is severely inhibited, while 5-DI levels are decreased and

5'-DI increased in the fetal brain, similar to hypothyroidism. Thus

normal thyroid tests will not pick up this condition.

Mercury reduces the bloods ability to transport oxygen to fetus and

transport of essential nutrients including amino acids, glucose,

magnesium, zinc, selenium and Vit B12;43, 96, 198, 263, 264, 338,

339, 392, 427depresses enzyme isocitric dehydrogenase (ICD) in fetus,

causes reduced iodine uptake, autoimmune thyroiditis, &

hypothyroidism.50, 91, 212, 222, 369, 382, 392, 394, 407, 35

Minerals such as CALCIUM, ZINC, and MANGANESE are also necessary for

thyroid health and hormone production, and their absorption is

blocked by mercury exposure. Because of the evidence of widespread

effects on infants, the American Assoc. of Clinical Endocrinologists

advises that all women considering becoming pregnant should get a

serum thyrotropin test so that hypothyroidism can be diagnosed and

treated early.558, 7b Since mercury and toxic metals are common

causes of hypothyroidism, another test that should be considered is a

hair element test for mercury or toxic metal exposures and essential

mineral imbalances.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

References

3(a) The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

(NHANES III)

3( Archives of Internal Medicine, Feb 28, 2000, Chester Ridgway,

MD, head of the Division of Endocrinology at the University of

Colorado Health Sciences Center.

6. The study of the prevalence of depressive disorders in primary

care patients in Poland], Wiad Lek. 2007;60(3-4):109-13. Drózdz W,

Wojnar M, Araszkiewicz A, Nawacka-Pawlaczyk D, Urbañski R, Cwikliñska-

Jurkowska M, Rybakowski J

7 Thyroid malfunction in women; Ginecol Obstet Mex. 2001

May;69:200-5, Zárate A, Basurto L, Hernández M; & ( Clinical

controversies in screening women for thyroid disorders during

pregnancy. Wier FA, Farley CL. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2006 May-

Jun;51(3):152-8.

8 Postpartum thyroiditis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab.

2004 Jun;18(2):303-16. Stagnaro-Green A; & Recognizing,

understanding, and treating postpartum thyroiditis. Endocrinol Metab

Clin North Am. 2000 Jun;29(2):417-30, ix. Stagnaro-Green A; & (

Postpartum depression and thyroid antibody status. Thyroid. 1999, 9

(7):699-703, B

10(a) Some neurologic and psychiatric complications in endocrine

disorders: the thyroid gland, [Article in Hungarian] Aszalós Z.

Orv Hetil. 2007 Feb 18;148(7):303-10;

10( Neonatal effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia during early

pregnancy. Pediatrics. 2006 Jan;117(1):161-7. Kooistra L, Crawford

S, van Baar AL, Brouwers EP, Pop VJ;

10© Hypothyroidism and pregnancy: impact on mother and child

health.] Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2008 Jan 29;66(1):43-51, [Article in

French], Menif O, S, Feki M, Kaabachi N.

11(a) Neuropsychiatric aspects of hypothyroidism and treatment

reversibility. Minerva Endocrine. 2007 Mar;32(1):49-65, JD,

Tremont G;

11( Subclinical hypothyroidism: psychiatric disorders and

symptoms. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007 Jun;29(2):157-9, Almeida C, Brasil

MA, Costa AJ et al.

14(a) Mercury burden of human fetal and infant tissues. Drasch G,

Schupp I, Höfl H, Reinke R, Roider G. Eur J Pediatr. 1994 Aug;153

(8):607-10;

14( Dental amalgam and mercury levels in autopsy tissues: food for

thought. Guzzi G, Grandi M, Severi G et al. Am J Forensic Med

Pathol. 2006 Mar;27(1):42-5

19(a) Mercury in human brain, blood, muscle and toenails in relation

to exposure: an autopsy study. Environ Health. 2007 Oct 11;6:30,

Björkman L, Lundekvam BF, Vahter M,

20(a) Vimy MJ, Takahashi,Y, Lorscheider FL; Maternal Fetal

Distribution of Mercury Released From Dental Amalgam Fillings. Dept

of Medicine and Medical Physiology , faculty of Medicine, Univ. of

Calgary, Calgary Alberta Canada, Amer.J.Physiol.,1990, 258:R939-

945;

20( Hahn LJ, Kloiber R, Leininger RW, Vimy MJ, Lorscheider FL.

Distribution of mercury released from amalgam fillings into monkey

tissues " , FASEB J.,1990, 4:5536;

20© Mercury from maternal " silver " tooth fillings in sheep and

human breast milk. A source of neonatal exposure. Vimy MJ, Hooper

DE, King WW, Lorscheider FL. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1997 Feb;56(2):143-

52

22(a) Oskarsson A, Schultz A, Skerfving S, Hallen IP, Ohlin B,

Lagerkvist BJ. Mercury in breast milk in relation to fish

consumption and amalgam. Arch Environ Health, 1996,51(3):234 41;

22( Drasch G, Aigner S, Roider G, Staiger F, Lipowsky G.

Mercury in human colostrum and early breast milk. J Trace Elem Med

Biol 1998; 12:23 27;

22© Paccagnella B, Riolfatti M. Total mercury levels in human

milk from Italian mothers. Ann Ig 1989: 1(3-4):661-71;

23(a) Yang J, Jiang Z,Wang Y, Qureshi IA, Wu XD. Maternal fetal

transfer of metallic mercury via placenta and milk. Ann Clin Lab Sci

1997; 27(2):135 141;

23( Soong YK, Tseng R, Liu C, Lin PW. J of Formosa Medical Assoc

1991; 90(1): 59 65;

23© Sundberg J, Ersson B, Lonnerdal B, Oskarsson A. Protein

binding of mercury in milk and plasma from mice and man a comparison

between methylmercury and inorganic mercury. Toxicology 1999 Oct

1;137(3):169 84.

24 Kuhnert PM, Kuhnert BR, Erhard P. Comparison of mercury

levels in maternal blood, fetal blood, fetal cord blood, and

placental tissues. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1981, 139(2): 209-13, &

Vahter M, Akesson A, Lind B, Bjors U, Schutz A, Berglund

M, " Longitudinal study of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in

blood and urine of pregnant and lactating women, as well as in

umbilical cord blood " , Environ Res 2000 Oct;84(2):186-94; & Kuntz

WD, Pitkin RM, Bostrom AW, MS. Maternal and chord blood

mercury background levels; a longitudinal surveillance. Am J Obstet

and Gynecol 1982; 143(4): 440 443.

25(a) GB, Cruz MC, Pagulayan O, Ostrea E, Dalisay C. The

Tagum study I: analysis and clinical correlates of mercury in

maternal and cord blood, breast milk, meconium, and infants' hair.

Pediatrics 2000 Oct;106(4):774 81;

25( GB, Pagulayan O, Akagi H, Francisco A, Lee LV,

Berroya A, Vince Cruz MC, Casintahan D. Tagum study II: follow-up

study at two years of age after prenatal exposure to mercury.

Pediatrics. 2003 Mar;111(3):e289-95;

25© Warfvinge K, Berlin M, Logdberg B. The effect on pregnancy

outcome and fetal brain development of prenatal exposure to mercury

vapour. Neurotoxicology 1994; 15(4).

26 Drexler H, Schaller KH. The mercury concentration in breast

milk resulting from amalgam fillings and dietary habits. Environ Res

1998; 77(2): 124-9.

27(a) Mottet NK, Shaw CM, Burbacher, TM, Health Risks from

Increases in Methylmercury Exposure, Health Perspect 1985; 63: 133

140;

27( P.Grandjean et al, " MeHg and neurotoxicity in children " , Am J

Epidemiol, 1999; & Sorensen N, et al; Prenatal mercury exposure

raises blood pressure, Epidemiology 1999, 10:370-375; & Grandjean P;

Jurgensen

35 Huggins HA, Levy,TE, Uniformed Consent: the hidden dangers in

dental care, 1999,

43(a) Knapp LT; Klann E. Superoxide induced stimulation of

protein kinase C via thiol modification and modulation of zinc

content. J Biol Chem 2000 May 22;

43( B.Rajanna et al, " Modulation of protein kinase C by heavy

metals " , Toxicol Lett, 1995, 81(2-3):197-203.

50(a) Sin YM, Teh WF, Wong MK, Reddy PK - " Effect of Mercury on

Glutathione and Thyroid Hormones " Bulletin of Environmental

Contamination and Toxicology 44(4):616-622 (1990);

50( J.Kawada et al, " Effects of inorganic and methyl mercury on

thyroidal function " , J Pharmacobiodyn, 1980, 3(3):149-59; & © Ghosh

N. Thyrotoxicity of cadmium and mercury. Biomed Environ Sci 1992, 5

3(3): 236-40; & (d) Kabuto M - " Chronic effects of methylmercury on

the urinary excretion of catecholamines and their responses to

hypoglycemic stress " Arch Toxicol 65(2):164-7 (1991)

61(a) E.Lutz et al, " Concentrations of mercury in brain and kidney

of fetuses and infants " , Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and

Biology, 1996,10:61-67; & (b)G.Drasch et al, " Mercury Burden of

Human Fetal and Infant Tissues " , Eur J Pediatr 153:607-610,1994;

84(a) J.C.Veltman et al, " Alterations of heme, cytochrome P-450, and

steroid metabolism by mercury in rat adrenal gland " , Arch Biochem

Biophys, 1986, 248(2):467-78;

84( Alfred V. Zamm. Dental Mercury: A Factor that Aggravates and

Induces Xenobiotic Intolerance. J. Orthmol. Med. v6#2 pp67-77 (1991);

84(d) Nishida M, Muraoka K, et al, Differential effects of

methylmercuric chloride and mercuric chloride on the histochemistry

of rat thyroid peroxidase and the thyroid peroxidase activity of

isolated pig thyroid cells. J Histochem Cytochem. 1989 May;37(5):723-

7;

85 Weiner JA, Nylander M; The relationship between mercury

concentration in human organs and different predictor variables.

Sci Total Environ 1993 Sep 30;138(1 3):101 15

96 F.Goldberg et al, " Effect of Amalgam restorations on whole

body potassium and bone mineral content in older men " ,Gen Dent,

1996, 44(3): 246-8; & ( K.Schirrmacher,1998, " Effects of lead,

mercury, and methyl mercury on gap junctions and [Ca2+]I in bone

cells " , Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Aug;63(2):134 9.

99 M. Nylander et al, Mercury accumulation in tissues from dental

staff and controls " , Swedish Dental Journal, 13:235-243, 1989; &

( Nylander M, " Mercury in pituitary glands of dentists " ,

Lancet,442, Feb 26, 1986.

198 B.R.G.sson et al, " Ferotoxicity of inorganic mercury:

distribution and effects of nutrient uptake by placenta and fetus " ,

Biol Res Preg Perinatal. 5(3):102-109,1984; & sson et al,

Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 18:129-134

263 Kumar AR, Kurup PA. Inhibition of membrane Na+-K+ ATPase

activity: a common pathway in central nervous system disorders. J

Assoc Physicians India. 2002 Mar;50:400-6

264 B.R. sson et al, " " Behavioral effects of prenatal

metallic mercury inhalation exposure in rats " , Neurotoxicol Teratol,

1993, 15(6): 391-6; & A. Fredriksson et al, " Prenatal exposure to

metallic mercury vapor and methyl mercury produce interactive

behavioral changes in adult rats " , Neurotoxicol Teratol, 1996, 18(2):

129-34

273 Mobilization of mercury and arsenic in humans by sodium 2,3-

dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS). H V Aposhian ; Environ Health

Perspect. 1998 August; 106(Suppl 4): 1017–1025,

www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1533322

274 L.Friberg et al, " Mercury in the brain and CNS in relation to

amalgam fillings " , Lakartidningen, 83(7):519-521,1986(Swedish Medical

Journal), http://home.swipnet.se/misac/research6.html

338(a) W.Y.Boadi et al, Dept. Of Food Engineering and

Biotechnology, T-I Inst of Tech., Haifa, Israel, " In vitro effect of

mercury on enzyme activities and its accumulation in the first-

trimester human placenta " , Environ Res, 1992, 57(1):96-106; & " In

vitro exposure to mercury and cadmium alters term human placental

membrane fluidity " , Pharmacol, 1992, 116(1): 17-23;

338( J.Urbach et al, Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Rambam

Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, " Effect of inorganic mercury on in

vitro placental nutrient transfer and oxygen consumption " , Reprod

Toxicol, 1992,6(1):69-75; & © Karp W, Gale TF et al, Effect of

mercuric acetate on selected enzymes of maternal and fetal hamsters "

Environmental Research, 36:351-358; & W.B. Karp et al, " Correlation

of human placental enzymatic activity with trace metal concentration

in placenta " , Environ Res. 13:470- 477,1977;

338(d) Boot JH. Effects of SH blocking compounds on the energy

metabolism and glucose uptake in isolated rat

hepatocytes. Cell Struct Funct 1995 Jun;20(3):233 8; & Semczuk M,

Semczuk Sikora A. New data on toxic metal intoxication (Cd, Pb, and

Hg in particular) and Mg status during pregnancy. Med Sci Monit

2001 Mar;7(2):332 340

369 Sterzl I, Prochazkova J, Stejskal VDM et al, Mercury and

nickel allergy: risk factors in fatigue and autoimmunity.

Neuroendocrinology Letters 1999; 20:221-228. www.melisa.org

382(a) Sterzl I, Fucikova T, Zamrazil V. The fatigue syndrome in

autoimmune thyroiditis with polyglandular activation of

autoimmunity. Vnitrni Lekarstvi 1998; 44: 456-60. www.melisa.org ;

382( Sterzl I, Hrda P, Prochazkova J, Bartova J, Reactions to

metals in patients with chronic fatigue and autoimmune

endocrinopathy. Vnitr Lek 1999 Sep;45(9):527 31 ;

382© The beneficial effect of amalgam replacement on health in

patients with autoimmunity. Prochazkova J, Sterzl I, Kucerova H,

Bartova J, Stejskal VD; Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2004 Jun;25(3):211-

8.www.melisa.org

390(a) Ellingsen DG, Efskind J, Haug E, sen Y, sen I,

Gaarder PI - " Effects of low mercury vapour exposure on the thyroid

function in chloralkali workers " J Appl Toxicol 20(6):483-9 (2000) ,

390( Barregard L, Lindstedt G, Schutz A, Sallsten G - " Endocrine

function in mercury exposed chloralkali workers " Occup Environ Med 51

(8):536-40 (1994) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=

7951778 & form=6 & db=m & Dopt=r ;

390(e) Watanabe C, Yoshida K, Kasanuma Y, Kun Y, Satoh H. In

utero methylmercury exposure differentially affects the activities of

selenoenzymes in the fetal mouse brain.. Environ Res 1999 Apr;80

(3):208-14.

392 Selenium and antioxidant defenses as major mediators in the

development of chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2006 Mar;11

(1):13-7. de Lorgeril M, Salen P.

394 Amalgam Illness Diagnosis and Treatment, Hall Cutler,

PhD, PE, http://www.noamalgam.com/; & Heavy Metals and Halogens

Displace and Block Utilization of Essential Minerals- Iodine and

Chelation, International Medical Veritas Association

http://www.alkalizeforhealth.net/Liodine2.htm; & The effect of

mercuric chloride on thyroid function in the rat., Goldman M,

Blackburn P. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979 Mar 30;48; & THE EFFECT OF

CERTAIN METALLIC CATIONS ON THE IODIDE UPTAKE IN THE THYROID GLAND OF

MICE. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1964 Aug;46:643-52. ANBAR M, INBAR M.

407 Autism: transient in utero hypothyroxinemia related to maternal

flavonoid ingestion during pregnancy and to other environmental

antithyroid agents. J Neurol Sci. 2007 Nov 15;262(1-2):15-26. Epub

2007 Jul 24.. Román GC.

427 Chetty CS, McBride V, Sands S, Rajanna B. Effects in vitro on

rat brain Mg(++)-ATPase. Arch Int Physiol Biochem 1990, 98(5):261-

7; & Bara M, Guiet-Bara A, Durlach J. Comparison of the effects of

taurine and magnesium on electrical characteristics of artificial and

natural membranes. V. Study on the human amnion of the antagonism

between magnesium, taurine and polluting metals. [ French]

Magnesium. 1985;4(5-6):325-32.

501 Review: Documentation of common mercury exposure levels from

amalgam by medical labs, Government agency studies, peer-reviewed

studies. B Windham (Ed), www.flcv.com/damspr1.html &

www.flcv.com/amalno1.html

502 Effects of prenatal and neonatal mercury exposure on children,

B Windham(Ed), over 150 peer-reviewed studies,

www.flcv.com/fetaln.html

503 Summary of results of treatment of chronic health conditions by

amalgam replacement, as reported to the FDA and treatment clinics,

www.flcv.com/hgrecovp.html

508(a) Bonar DB, McColgan B, DR, Darke C, Guttridge MG,

HSmyth PPA, Hypothyroidism and aging: The Rosses'

Survey. Thyroid 2000, 10(9):821-827;

508( Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. The

Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Tntern Med 2000, 160

(4):526-34; &

508© GS Connection 11(12): Prevelence of Thyroid Imbalance,

Thyroid in Pregnancy, GSDL, www.gsdl.com

509(a) Klein RZ, Sargent JD, Larsen PR, Waisbren Se, Haddow JE,

ML, Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to

cognitive development of offspring. J Med Screen 2001: 8:18-20;

509( de Escobar DM, Orbregon MF, del Rey FE, Is neuropsychological

development related to maternal hypothyroidism or to maternal

hypothyroxinemia? J Clin Endocrin Metab 2000; 3975-3987;

509© Thyroid Imbalances in Pregnancy Linked to Poor Child

Neurodelopment, Great Smokies Diagnostic Lab,

www.gsdl.com/news/connections/vol11/conn20010228.html

509d J. E. Haddow et al, Babies Born to Mothers with Untreated

Hypothyroidism Have Lower I.Q.'s, New England Journal of Medicine,

Aug 19, 1999;

509(e) Lavado-Autric et al. Early maternal hypothyroxinemia alters

histogenesis and cerebral cortex cytoarchitecture of the progeny. JCI

111:1073-1082 (2003);

509(f) Pop VJ, Vader HL et al, Low maternal free thyroxine during

early pregnancy is associated with impaired psychomotor development

in infancy, Clin Endocrinol(Oxf), 50:149-55, 1999; & Man EB, Brown

JF, Serunian SA. Maternal hypothyroxinemia: psychoneurological

deficits of progeny. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1991;21(4):227-39; & Pharoah

POD, Connolly KJ et al, Maternal thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy

and cognitive and motor performance of the children, Clin Endocrinol

(Oxf), 1984, 21:265-70;

509(g) Pop VJ, de Vries E, et al, Maternal thyroid peroxidase

antibodies during pregnancy: and impaired child development, J Clin

Endocrinol Metab., 1995, 80:3561-3566 & Connors MH, Styne DM,

Neonatal athyreosis resulting from thyrotropin-binding inhibitory

immonoglobulins, Pediatrics, 1986, 78:287-290; &

509(h) sami T, Suzuki H, Effects of thyroid hormone deficiency on

electrocardiogram findings of congenenitally hypothyroid neonates.

Thyroid 11: 765-8, 2001; & Kumar R, Chaudhuri BN. Altered maternal

thyroid function: fetal and neonatal heart cholesterol and

phospholipids, .Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1993 Jul;37(3):176-82

510(a) MS, Bostom AG, Jacques PJ, Selhub J, Rosenberg IH,

Hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia associated with

hypothyroidism in the third U.S. National Health and Nutrition

Examination Survey, Artherosclerosis 2001, 155:195-200;

510( Shanoudy H. Soliman A, Moe S, Hadian D, Veldhuis F,

Iranmanesh A, D, Early manifestations of " sick eythyroid

syndrome " in patients with compensated chronic heart failure, J Card

Fail 2001, 7(2):146-52; & (

510© AE. Hak, HAP. Pols, TJ. Visser, et al., The Rotterdam Study.,

Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for

atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women, Ann Int

Med, 2000, vol. 132, pp. 270--278

510(d) Thyroid Dysfunction Linked to Elevated Cardiac Risk,

GSDL, www.gsdl.com/news/connections/vol12/conn20010411.html.;

510(e) Biondi B, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Fazio S. Effects of

subclinical thyroid dysfunction on the heart. Ann Intern Med 2002

Dec 3;137(11):904-14;

510(f) B.G. Nedreboe, O. Nygard, et al, Plasma Total Homocysteine

of hypothyroid patients during 12 months of treatment, Haukeland

Univ. Hospital, Bergen, Norway,

bjoern.gunnar.nedreboe@... (references 7 other studies

with similar findings); & (g) Hussein, WI, Green, R, sen, DW,

Faiman, C. Normalization of hyperhomocysteinemia with L-thyroxine in

hypothyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131:348;

511(a) Abramson J, Stagnaro-Green A, Thyroid antibodies and fetal

loss, Thyroid 2001, 11(1): 57-63;

511( Thyroid Antibodies May Spur Pregnancy Loss, GSDL,

www.gsdl.con/news/connections/vol12/conn20010411.html

511© Allan W.(MD), Maternal Hypothyroidism During Pregnancy

Linked to Increased Risk for Miscarriage, Journal of Medical

Screening, November 22, 2000;

511(d) Abstract # 274: Wolfberg, Adam J. and A.

Nagey, " Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Subsequent Congenital

Anomalies. " St s Univ., kblum@... ; & Birth Defect News,

Jan 2002, p2;

511(e) Emerson, C.H. (1996). Thyroid Disease During and After

Pregnancy. In L.E. Braverman & R.D. Utiger (Eds.), The Thyroid, A

Fundamental and Clinical Text (pp. 1021-1031;

511(f) Man EB, WS, Thyroid function in human pregnancy:

retardation in 8-month old infants, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1969,

104:898-908; & Brent GA, Maternal hyrothyroidism: recognition and

management, Thyroid, 1999, 9:661-5.

555 RN; Bowler K. Rat brain (Na+ K+)ATPase: modulation of

its ouabain sensitive K+ PNPPase activity by thimerosal. Int J

Biochem 1983;15(1):5 7; Bellabarba D, and Tremblay R; Effect of

thimerosal on serum binding of thyroid hormones, Can J Physsiol

Pharmacol,173, 51:156-159: & Hokkfen B, Kodding R, Hesch RD;

Regulation of thyroid hormone metabolism in rat liver fractions,

Biochim Biophys Acta 1978, 539:(1): 114-24.

558 American Assoc. of Clinical Endocrinologists and American

College of Endocrinolog. AACE clinical practice guidelines for the

evaluation and treatment of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Endocr Pract., 1995, 1: 54-62.

=====================================================================

Lethal Lee