Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > My body does not convert at all which is why I am now on Armour and the free t3 stays at the bottom. My free t3 then was flagged as low. I no longer have the severe fatigue when I increase slowly even with the low results. I have lots of room to increase, but for once in over a year, I can think and function. Is it possible that when a person is a poor converter, her problem can be remedied for good at some point?? about 11 years ago I was on .2 SYNTHROID....FT4 always tested WAY HIGH over the range, while FT3 way below range. This is when he put me on 50mcg, cytomel as well...and my FT3 came up, but not very much..about 6 months later he put me on Armour. He mentioned that once I was getting my FT3 in a decent range, the problem would be " solved " and it now seems to be. I'm going to a different doctor now, but is this true? does a poor converter " solve " the problem by taking Armour, and therefore now more RT3's a produced?? Is it because I am not only a poor converter, but also hypothyroid?? Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > My body does not convert at all which is why I am now on Armour and the free t3 stays at the bottom. My free t3 then was flagged as low. I no longer have the severe fatigue when I increase slowly even with the low results. I have lots of room to increase, but for once in over a year, I can think and function. Is it possible that when a person is a poor converter, her problem can be remedied for good at some point?? about 11 years ago I was on .2 SYNTHROID....FT4 always tested WAY HIGH over the range, while FT3 way below range. This is when he put me on 50mcg, cytomel as well...and my FT3 came up, but not very much..about 6 months later he put me on Armour. He mentioned that once I was getting my FT3 in a decent range, the problem would be " solved " and it now seems to be. I'm going to a different doctor now, but is this true? does a poor converter " solve " the problem by taking Armour, and therefore now more RT3's a produced?? Is it because I am not only a poor converter, but also hypothyroid?? Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Is it possible that when a person is a poor converter, her problem > can be remedied for good at some point?? about 11 years ago I was > on .2 SYNTHROID....FT4 always tested WAY HIGH over the range, while > FT3 way below range. This is when he put me on 50mcg, cytomel as > well...and my FT3 came up, but not very much..about 6 months later he > put me on Armour. He mentioned that once I was getting my FT3 in a > decent range, the problem would be " solved " and it now seems to > be. I'm going to a different doctor now, but is this true? does a > poor converter " solve " the problem by taking Armour, and therefore > now more RT3's a produced?? Is it because I am not only a poor > converter, but also hypothyroid?? I meant *NO more Rt3's are produced* if one is getting alll the T3 she needs by supplementation/ DianA Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Is it possible that when a person is a poor converter, her problem > can be remedied for good at some point?? about 11 years ago I was > on .2 SYNTHROID....FT4 always tested WAY HIGH over the range, while > FT3 way below range. This is when he put me on 50mcg, cytomel as > well...and my FT3 came up, but not very much..about 6 months later he > put me on Armour. He mentioned that once I was getting my FT3 in a > decent range, the problem would be " solved " and it now seems to > be. I'm going to a different doctor now, but is this true? does a > poor converter " solve " the problem by taking Armour, and therefore > now more RT3's a produced?? Is it because I am not only a poor > converter, but also hypothyroid?? I meant *NO more Rt3's are produced* if one is getting alll the T3 she needs by supplementation/ DianA Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Is it possible that when a person is a poor converter, her problem > can be remedied for good at some point?? about 11 years ago I was > on .2 SYNTHROID....FT4 always tested WAY HIGH over the range, while > FT3 way below range. This is when he put me on 50mcg, cytomel as > well...and my FT3 came up, but not very much..about 6 months later he > put me on Armour. He mentioned that once I was getting my FT3 in a > decent range, the problem would be " solved " and it now seems to > be. I'm going to a different doctor now, but is this true? does a > poor converter " solve " the problem by taking Armour, and therefore > now more RT3's a produced?? Is it because I am not only a poor > converter, but also hypothyroid?? I meant *NO more Rt3's are produced* if one is getting alll the T3 she needs by supplementation/ DianA Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Ah... but why are you hypo? Are you resistant to the hormones? Do you > have a really bad conversion? Do you eat foods that bind the hormones? It > would be interesting to hear. You know what? I have NO IDEA why. Looking back, I think I was probably somewhat hypothyroid even in my childhood...When I became prgenant at 17, I could not stay awake...got on my first thyroid hormones at age 17 after childbirth, when every thing went from bad to worse with me....(then testng came into being and my meds were taken away from me for almost 20 years..but that is another volume in my life story) I do not eat goiterogenic foods - except brocolli maybe once a week, which I adore. At one time a few years back, I realized I felt sluggish with the morning soy protein and soy milk shakes I drank and so stopped those -only to find out later that they do interfere with the thyroid function. I don't take calcium for the most part - I have very dense bones - but when I do on occasion, I take a chewable 500 mg. calcium at bedtime. I take my minerals and the bulk of my vitamins at dinner. except for the tyrosine in the AM with the Armour and a few thousand mg. C throughout the day. I don't think anything I do interferes with the meds. But I have just in Dec. completed a 5 year chronic fatigue protocol and so am just now getting to tweaking my meds so that I am on an optimum dose and feel the best I can. I use progesterone cream which I do feel optimizes my thyroid function and meds. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Ah... but why are you hypo? Are you resistant to the hormones? Do you > have a really bad conversion? Do you eat foods that bind the hormones? It > would be interesting to hear. You know what? I have NO IDEA why. Looking back, I think I was probably somewhat hypothyroid even in my childhood...When I became prgenant at 17, I could not stay awake...got on my first thyroid hormones at age 17 after childbirth, when every thing went from bad to worse with me....(then testng came into being and my meds were taken away from me for almost 20 years..but that is another volume in my life story) I do not eat goiterogenic foods - except brocolli maybe once a week, which I adore. At one time a few years back, I realized I felt sluggish with the morning soy protein and soy milk shakes I drank and so stopped those -only to find out later that they do interfere with the thyroid function. I don't take calcium for the most part - I have very dense bones - but when I do on occasion, I take a chewable 500 mg. calcium at bedtime. I take my minerals and the bulk of my vitamins at dinner. except for the tyrosine in the AM with the Armour and a few thousand mg. C throughout the day. I don't think anything I do interferes with the meds. But I have just in Dec. completed a 5 year chronic fatigue protocol and so am just now getting to tweaking my meds so that I am on an optimum dose and feel the best I can. I use progesterone cream which I do feel optimizes my thyroid function and meds. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Ah... but why are you hypo? Are you resistant to the hormones? Do you > have a really bad conversion? Do you eat foods that bind the hormones? It > would be interesting to hear. You know what? I have NO IDEA why. Looking back, I think I was probably somewhat hypothyroid even in my childhood...When I became prgenant at 17, I could not stay awake...got on my first thyroid hormones at age 17 after childbirth, when every thing went from bad to worse with me....(then testng came into being and my meds were taken away from me for almost 20 years..but that is another volume in my life story) I do not eat goiterogenic foods - except brocolli maybe once a week, which I adore. At one time a few years back, I realized I felt sluggish with the morning soy protein and soy milk shakes I drank and so stopped those -only to find out later that they do interfere with the thyroid function. I don't take calcium for the most part - I have very dense bones - but when I do on occasion, I take a chewable 500 mg. calcium at bedtime. I take my minerals and the bulk of my vitamins at dinner. except for the tyrosine in the AM with the Armour and a few thousand mg. C throughout the day. I don't think anything I do interferes with the meds. But I have just in Dec. completed a 5 year chronic fatigue protocol and so am just now getting to tweaking my meds so that I am on an optimum dose and feel the best I can. I use progesterone cream which I do feel optimizes my thyroid function and meds. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 I take 200 mg. selenium every dinner time. > Are you taking Selenium? How much? > > Selenium is a mineral. It used to be something we got a lot of in the > foods we eat but with all the commercial farming and chemical fertilizers > our natural food sources are severely deficient.... So natural selenium > sources aren't even a matter of what foods we eat, it's where they are > produced, what parts of the country and how intensely that farm land is > cultivated and how it is fertilized. That is why brazil nuts are > considered an excellent source of selenium.. the trees are very old and > the method used to grow them and the part of the world that they grow > causes them to be rich in selenium, making the nuts an excellent source. > The numbers given are the 3 to 5 nuts per day provide the RDA of Selenium > all on their own. > > The body uses Selenium to pull an Iodine molecule off of a T4 molecule, > turning it into a T3..... From what I've been reading - poor conversion > can be just a trait of the individual or, most often, a lack of > sufficient selenium in the system to allow for that chemical conversion. > I have read that many of the thyroid issues people face today result > from the thyroid burning itself out trying to provide sufficient amounts > of T4 in the body to allow for conversion of T3 to allow normal > function.... as time goes on and poor conversion continues or > increases... the thyroid simply burns itself out.... > > You can safely increase Selenium intake to 400 mcg per day. For myself... > I split my intake to 100 mcg three times per day, one with breakfast, one > with dinner, and one about an hour before bedtime when I take the rest of > my supplements.... I also have about 100 mcg of Selenium in my > Multi-vitamin that I take with each meal (I split the tabs to allow me to > take one with each mini-meal) To me this seems to have increased the > levels enough in my system to make me a pretty good converter.... I don't > have any roller coaster symptoms all day... I dose my thyroid 5 times per > day.... but even though the T3 in that is worn off before the next dose I > don't feel down inbetween. > > Topper () Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 I take 200 mg. selenium every dinner time. > Are you taking Selenium? How much? > > Selenium is a mineral. It used to be something we got a lot of in the > foods we eat but with all the commercial farming and chemical fertilizers > our natural food sources are severely deficient.... So natural selenium > sources aren't even a matter of what foods we eat, it's where they are > produced, what parts of the country and how intensely that farm land is > cultivated and how it is fertilized. That is why brazil nuts are > considered an excellent source of selenium.. the trees are very old and > the method used to grow them and the part of the world that they grow > causes them to be rich in selenium, making the nuts an excellent source. > The numbers given are the 3 to 5 nuts per day provide the RDA of Selenium > all on their own. > > The body uses Selenium to pull an Iodine molecule off of a T4 molecule, > turning it into a T3..... From what I've been reading - poor conversion > can be just a trait of the individual or, most often, a lack of > sufficient selenium in the system to allow for that chemical conversion. > I have read that many of the thyroid issues people face today result > from the thyroid burning itself out trying to provide sufficient amounts > of T4 in the body to allow for conversion of T3 to allow normal > function.... as time goes on and poor conversion continues or > increases... the thyroid simply burns itself out.... > > You can safely increase Selenium intake to 400 mcg per day. For myself... > I split my intake to 100 mcg three times per day, one with breakfast, one > with dinner, and one about an hour before bedtime when I take the rest of > my supplements.... I also have about 100 mcg of Selenium in my > Multi-vitamin that I take with each meal (I split the tabs to allow me to > take one with each mini-meal) To me this seems to have increased the > levels enough in my system to make me a pretty good converter.... I don't > have any roller coaster symptoms all day... I dose my thyroid 5 times per > day.... but even though the T3 in that is worn off before the next dose I > don't feel down inbetween. > > Topper () Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 I take 200 mg. selenium every dinner time. > Are you taking Selenium? How much? > > Selenium is a mineral. It used to be something we got a lot of in the > foods we eat but with all the commercial farming and chemical fertilizers > our natural food sources are severely deficient.... So natural selenium > sources aren't even a matter of what foods we eat, it's where they are > produced, what parts of the country and how intensely that farm land is > cultivated and how it is fertilized. That is why brazil nuts are > considered an excellent source of selenium.. the trees are very old and > the method used to grow them and the part of the world that they grow > causes them to be rich in selenium, making the nuts an excellent source. > The numbers given are the 3 to 5 nuts per day provide the RDA of Selenium > all on their own. > > The body uses Selenium to pull an Iodine molecule off of a T4 molecule, > turning it into a T3..... From what I've been reading - poor conversion > can be just a trait of the individual or, most often, a lack of > sufficient selenium in the system to allow for that chemical conversion. > I have read that many of the thyroid issues people face today result > from the thyroid burning itself out trying to provide sufficient amounts > of T4 in the body to allow for conversion of T3 to allow normal > function.... as time goes on and poor conversion continues or > increases... the thyroid simply burns itself out.... > > You can safely increase Selenium intake to 400 mcg per day. For myself... > I split my intake to 100 mcg three times per day, one with breakfast, one > with dinner, and one about an hour before bedtime when I take the rest of > my supplements.... I also have about 100 mcg of Selenium in my > Multi-vitamin that I take with each meal (I split the tabs to allow me to > take one with each mini-meal) To me this seems to have increased the > levels enough in my system to make me a pretty good converter.... I don't > have any roller coaster symptoms all day... I dose my thyroid 5 times per > day.... but even though the T3 in that is worn off before the next dose I > don't feel down inbetween. > > Topper () Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 My goodness! You must spend your entire day splitting this and splitting that! Very painstaking...and I am glad you have found a way to make yourself feel well and for it all to work for you. That's takes real stick-to-it-tiveness!! > > I split my intake to 100 mcg three times per day, one with > breakfast, one > > with dinner, and one about an hour before bedtime when I take the > rest of > > my supplements.... I also have about 100 mcg of Selenium in my > > Multi-vitamin that I take with each meal (I split the tabs to allow > me to > > take one with each mini-meal) To me this seems to have increased the > > levels enough in my system to make me a pretty good converter.... I > don't > > have any roller coaster symptoms all day... I dose my thyroid 5 > times per > > day.... but even though the T3 in that is worn off before the next > dose I > > don't feel down inbetween. > > > > Topper () Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 My goodness! You must spend your entire day splitting this and splitting that! Very painstaking...and I am glad you have found a way to make yourself feel well and for it all to work for you. That's takes real stick-to-it-tiveness!! > > I split my intake to 100 mcg three times per day, one with > breakfast, one > > with dinner, and one about an hour before bedtime when I take the > rest of > > my supplements.... I also have about 100 mcg of Selenium in my > > Multi-vitamin that I take with each meal (I split the tabs to allow > me to > > take one with each mini-meal) To me this seems to have increased the > > levels enough in my system to make me a pretty good converter.... I > don't > > have any roller coaster symptoms all day... I dose my thyroid 5 > times per > > day.... but even though the T3 in that is worn off before the next > dose I > > don't feel down inbetween. > > > > Topper () Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 My goodness! You must spend your entire day splitting this and splitting that! Very painstaking...and I am glad you have found a way to make yourself feel well and for it all to work for you. That's takes real stick-to-it-tiveness!! > > I split my intake to 100 mcg three times per day, one with > breakfast, one > > with dinner, and one about an hour before bedtime when I take the > rest of > > my supplements.... I also have about 100 mcg of Selenium in my > > Multi-vitamin that I take with each meal (I split the tabs to allow > me to > > take one with each mini-meal) To me this seems to have increased the > > levels enough in my system to make me a pretty good converter.... I > don't > > have any roller coaster symptoms all day... I dose my thyroid 5 > times per > > day.... but even though the T3 in that is worn off before the next > dose I > > don't feel down inbetween. > > > > Topper () Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > I have not been tested for hashi's, or any pituitary or parathyroid involvement. Have had the saliva test for cortisol and DHEA levels. No results yet. How do they test or pituitry or parathyroid involvement? > Deborah A clue to whether you have parathyroid involvement is high calcium levels...not sure about the pituitary testing or what symptoms make doctors look at that....but these are both things doctors who are not paying attention tend to overlook...I seem to forget things I have no reason to remeber...LOL Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > I have not been tested for hashi's, or any pituitary or parathyroid involvement. Have had the saliva test for cortisol and DHEA levels. No results yet. How do they test or pituitry or parathyroid involvement? > Deborah A clue to whether you have parathyroid involvement is high calcium levels...not sure about the pituitary testing or what symptoms make doctors look at that....but these are both things doctors who are not paying attention tend to overlook...I seem to forget things I have no reason to remeber...LOL Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > I have not been tested for hashi's, or any pituitary or parathyroid involvement. Have had the saliva test for cortisol and DHEA levels. No results yet. How do they test or pituitry or parathyroid involvement? > Deborah A clue to whether you have parathyroid involvement is high calcium levels...not sure about the pituitary testing or what symptoms make doctors look at that....but these are both things doctors who are not paying attention tend to overlook...I seem to forget things I have no reason to remeber...LOL Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > , actually.... But if you're not getting it at 250 per day.. maybe > you should up it.... 400 is the suggested top end. > > I'm at about 400 now... > > Topper () I can tell you what will happen with me...I will FORGET to take it more than once a day - but I could up my evening dose. . Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > , actually.... But if you're not getting it at 250 per day.. maybe > you should up it.... 400 is the suggested top end. > > I'm at about 400 now... > > Topper () I can tell you what will happen with me...I will FORGET to take it more than once a day - but I could up my evening dose. . Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > , > > It's not a bad idea to get into the habit of popping vitamins, and > selenium, with your meals. Vitamins work MUCH MUCH better when taken with > a meal. > > Topper () I do take them with my evening meal...but during the day, well, you know how it is...everyone including my pups get what they need when they need it,as many times a day as they need it.... but I can scarcely take an extra moment in the course of the day thinking of myself. diana Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > , > > It's not a bad idea to get into the habit of popping vitamins, and > selenium, with your meals. Vitamins work MUCH MUCH better when taken with > a meal. > > Topper () I do take them with my evening meal...but during the day, well, you know how it is...everyone including my pups get what they need when they need it,as many times a day as they need it.... but I can scarcely take an extra moment in the course of the day thinking of myself. diana Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > I know one thing, that I have cracked a smile several times since reading this list. , I love your wit and attitude. Keep it coming. You are healing folks, when you make them laugh. I just know it. > Frannie Yep - I second that... is a gem. And a smart cookie as well. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Must be the other , can't be me..... > > Topper () The one who just ordered a curling iron for her leg hair. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 > Must be the other , can't be me..... > > Topper () The one who just ordered a curling iron for her leg hair. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted January 13, 2004 Report Share Posted January 13, 2004 Actually just T4 can make you hyper as well. On .100 Levoxyl I felt fine. On .112 I felt hyper and my TSH was .12. That was just on Levoxyl, no cytomel. Louise > THere is a lot of confusion here, and I would like to clarify something. It isn't the T4 that sends you into hyper. IT is the T3. The shakey hands, heart palps, nervousness..that is all caused by the T3. Those are the symptoms that a patient watches for when increasing the T3/T4 meds. A T3 rush is common and if only lasting a few minutes is ok, when lasting longer it isn't good and the patient should lower the dose the next dosing, if take any at all for that period. Yes the T4 takes longer to get into the system, yet doesn't have the same effect as T3. Thats why a person will know almost immediately if they have too much Armour for that dose because it is the T3 that causes the hyper symptoms. > Patti > PS..Also some are sensitive more than others...and each person is an individual...and you don't know until you try for yourself. So being on the safe side go slowly.. > Re: Re: discouraged and whining > > > That was me.... I made an increase from 2 1/2 grain to 3... I'd been on > the 2 1/2 for about 10 weeks and decided to add another quarter tablet > (1/2 grain) I felt a bit hyper in just a few days.. but pushed on hoping > that I was just reacting to an increase and it wasn't too much for me.. > but I ended up hyper.. shaking, insomnia, horrible hunger (the beast was > back - I went through hyper storm, that's why I had RAI, so the beast and > I had met before).... I cut back to 1 grain for several days.. but then > started going hypo.. and then had to do some adjusting.. I'm okay now.. > but it's been a pretty crappy month. > > I'm very sensitive to changes.. so things affect me sooner. I consider > that a good thing.. for others, they can be on too high a dose for weeks > and not experience symptoms until they have a much higher level of excess > in their system then I did... in that case it takes a whole lot longer to > purge it out.. and, trust me... that hyper - hypo swing.. then getting > back up to the right dose really does a number on your head and your > body... > > Over a two week period I went from resting heart rates of 72 to 90 to > 60.. that is way too much stress on the body... I'm about 69 right now, > I just stopped and checked... my body is slowing moving back up... it's > should settle around 72 again. > > Three weeks to get me back to normal and on my 2 1/2 grain... but I'm > feeling great again. > > I'm going to stay at 2 1/2 grain for another 6 or 8 weeks.. then I will > trying adding that extra 1/2 grain every third day, instead of every > day... and see if I can tolerate that increase... I'm wondering if I > might need a bit more... but at this stage, between the weight loss and > being close to optimal that a 1/2 grain jump at one time might have been > too much (I have 2 grain tabs.. can't chop them any smaller than > quarters). > > You just have to be very careful with increases and keep in mind that > what you take today you may not feel for as long as 4, 6 or 8 weeks... so > take them small... be aware of how your body is reacting.. and don't push > it.. if you see signs of hyper... back off a bit... settle down and try > again. I just learned AGAIN that to push with this stuff is NOT wise.... > > On that same note... if you feel that you need more.. if the hypo > symptoms are not subsiding.. tweak up a bit.. but just a bit and then > wait.. PLEASE don't be dumb, like me, thinking that you know enough to > push... doesn't matter how much you know... you have to listen to what > your body says about more, less, or stay the same.... Labs are only a > guideline.... the final judge is your body and how it feels. > > Sorry for being preachy...... I just don't want someone to have to go > through what I have these last weeks.. it REALLY sucks to be feeling that > lousy just because I was a smart a***. > > .... oh gosh... did I just say that doc was right when he call me a smart > a**?? > > Topper () > > On Tue, 13 Jan 2004 15:26:52 -0000 " lestatl382 " <LestatL382@y...> > writes: > > The key is that you wont feel the affect of the medication you take > > today for 7 - 10 days. It takes that long for the T4 to build up in > > your system. Yes T3 is short acting but it's a combination of the 2 > > medications. If you are waiting just 1 week to increase your > > medication you aren't giving yourself enough time to feel the > > effects of the dose you were on. > > I say take it slow. I think it was Janie or Topper who told the > > story > > of someone on another list that kept incresing his medication and he > > got to the point where he had a hyper storm and had to stop all his > > medication to get it out of his system than start again and > > increasing his medication slowly. > > Louise > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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