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Re: AFFIRM and RACE

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Personally, I have afib coupled with cardiomyopathy and although rate

control through pacing has helped significantly, I still feel much

better and am much less susceptible to fatigue when I'm in rhythm

(which I haven't been in for several months).

> Hi all,

>

> I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies.

They

> were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

> rather than by drug companies.

>

> My read is that rate control is at least as effective as rythym

> contol....measured by the survival rates over about five years.

The

> studies were just released in March, but should seriously impact

the

> method of treatment for afib. Just put the above initials in your

> search engine to read about the studies.

>

> In my case of Feb. 2002 discovered continuous afib, both doctors

were

> at first saying that we should do cardioversion, but since the

> studies were published are saying that they don't think

cardioversion

> is appropriate.....just control the heart rate with digoxin and

> diltiazem, and of course get the INR to 2.0 with coumadin.

>

> H

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HI

I am in the UK and the way AF is treated here is a little bit different to the

rest of the world. the arfirm studies were completed many years ago and the then

with the technology and drugs they had then' the result was.

As long as you feel well and can tolerate AF then you will be left alone and go

on with your life. The reason being the cost outweighed the treatments Just a

few years a ago even only 12 months ago it was relieve easy to get you back into

NSR but keeping you there was almost impossible in some

cases.

Then along came the PVA and Dofetilide and I believe this has all changed now.

The whole treatment is polarised. We have seen this as in the UK ablation for

AFlutter is being hailed as a good treatment for Afib.

Now on the other hand Prof. Haissigurre in Bordeaux France the master of the PVA

has stated to me that if AF is caught fairly quickly then there is a good

chance of a cure . It its left then there is a chance of MULTI FOCAL AF in the

Atria appearing where its almost impossible to burn away, with

out damaging the Atria. This is the theory that AF behest AF (Camm Waktarie) and

the focals cause foculs.

Prof H is working on a linear ablation to try and combat this.

I believe that one of our members may have had this as well as a PVA.

Thats my 2p/c worth and this is only my opinion and I am not a DR.

C

AFFIRM and RACE

Hi all,

I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies. They

were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

rather than by drug companies.

My read is that rate control is at least as effective as rythym

contol....measured by the survival rates over about five years. The

studies were just released in March, but should seriously impact the

method of treatment for afib. Just put the above initials in your

search engine to read about the studies.

In my case of Feb. 2002 discovered continuous afib, both doctors were

at first saying that we should do cardioversion, but since the

studies were published are saying that they don't think cardioversion

is appropriate.....just control the heart rate with digoxin and

diltiazem, and of course get the INR to 2.0 with coumadin.

H

Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

FAQ - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

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Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe

List owner: AFIBsupport-owner

For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via email,

send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help

Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or should be

acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

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I see that you had an ablation about a year ago with Prof H in

France. How did that turn out??

Dave L

> HI

>

> I am in the UK and the way AF is treated here is a little bit

different to the rest of the world. the arfirm studies were completed

many years ago and the then with the technology and drugs they had

then' the result was.

>

> Now on the other hand Prof. Haissigurre in Bordeaux France the

master of the PVA has stated to me that if AF is caught fairly

quickly then there is a good chance of a cure . It its left then

there is a chance of MULTI FOCAL AF in the Atria appearing where its

almost impossible to burn away, with

> out damaging the Atria. This is the theory that AF behest AF (Camm

Waktarie) and the focals cause foculs.

> Prof H is working on a linear ablation to try and combat this.

> I believe that one of our members may have had this as well as a

PVA.

>

> Thats my 2p/c worth and this is only my opinion and I am not a DR.

>

>

> C

>

>

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Ok No Meds since September 2001. I lost my thyroid to Amiodarone and this is

causing me problems.

john

Re: AFFIRM and RACE

I see that you had an ablation about a year ago with Prof H in

France. How did that turn out??

Dave L

> HI

>

> I am in the UK and the way AF is treated here is a little bit

different to the rest of the world. the arfirm studies were completed

many years ago and the then with the technology and drugs they had

then' the result was.

>

> Now on the other hand Prof. Haissigurre in Bordeaux France the

master of the PVA has stated to me that if AF is caught fairly

quickly then there is a good chance of a cure . It its left then

there is a chance of MULTI FOCAL AF in the Atria appearing where its

almost impossible to burn away, with

> out damaging the Atria. This is the theory that AF behest AF (Camm

Waktarie) and the focals cause foculs.

> Prof H is working on a linear ablation to try and combat this.

> I believe that one of our members may have had this as well as a

PVA.

>

> Thats my 2p/c worth and this is only my opinion and I am not a DR.

>

>

> C

>

>

Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

FAQ - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

For more information: http://www.dialsolutions.com/af

Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe

List owner: AFIBsupport-owner

For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via email,

send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help

Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or should be

acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

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<<Hi all,

I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies. They

were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

rather than by drug companies.

[snip]>>

I'd be quite concerned if my Doctor thought the results were applicable to

me. In the AFFIRM study participants were mostly 65 years or older and had

minor or no symptoms from AF. I was 29 when I first got AF four years ago

and am almost bed ridden when I'm in AF. The only thing I have managed is

rate control but I can say without a shadow of doubt I would be much happier

if I could maintain sinus rhythm. I don't know if either study measured

happiness but it's a serious consideration for me (certainly comes before

longevity). Yes, my rate control keeps me out of hospital and may well keep

me alive for a long time but my quality of life is seriously impaired both

when I'm in AF and trying to manage things around it. Even if maintaining

NSR posed a greater health risk because of the medication I would seriously

consider it for the quality of life improvements (if only I could find

something that kept me out of AF!).

On the other hand, if your AF does not bother you and you are able to be as

active as you want then it looks like controlling your rate may be a good

option.

I've pinched this quote from the bottom of

http://www.naspe.org/library/naspe_on_clinical_trials/affirm/

" This trial presents how important new information that will aid physicians

in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. It is very important

to remember the type of patient enrolled, since the results pertain to that

patient and cannot be readily extrapolated to all others. Most important is

the criterion that the treating physicians concluded that their patients

could be adequately managed by either strategy-thus, patients who have

intolerable symptoms of AF even with good rate control, which is a sizeable

group, especially in younger patients, were excluded from this trial. The

data from AFFIRM does NOT pertain to such individuals. Further, AFFIRM

studied older patients, and whether these results would be the same in

younger individuals is not known. " ( N. Prystowsky, M.D.)

I think it's vital to figure out how applicable the study is to you before

considering the conclusions.

--

D (33, Leeds, UK)

vagal AF for 24 hours every 16 days

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Guest guest

Thanks for the rseponse

Did you have a a single procedure or did you need a follow up. Was it

a PVA, PVI or atrial focus ablation or a combination. Were there any

problems with stenosis. What does Prof H say about the likelyhood of

further focii developing in the veins or atria after focus ablation.

Presumably a PVI would protect against further focii developing in

the PVs.

Dave L

> > HI

> >

> > I am in the UK and the way AF is treated here is a little bit

> different to the rest of the world. the arfirm studies were

completed

> many years ago and the then with the technology and drugs they had

> then' the result was.

> >

> > Now on the other hand Prof. Haissigurre in Bordeaux France the

> master of the PVA has stated to me that if AF is caught fairly

> quickly then there is a good chance of a cure . It its left then

> there is a chance of MULTI FOCAL AF in the Atria appearing where

its

> almost impossible to burn away, with

> > out damaging the Atria. This is the theory that AF behest AF

(Camm

> Waktarie) and the focals cause foculs.

> > Prof H is working on a linear ablation to try and combat this.

> > I believe that one of our members may have had this as well as a

> PVA.

> >

> > Thats my 2p/c worth and this is only my opinion and I am not a DR.

> >

> >

> > C

> >

> >

>

>

>

>

> Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

> FAQ -

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

> For more information: http://www.dialsolutions.com/af

> Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe@y...

> List owner: AFIBsupport-owner@y...

> For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via

email,

> send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help@y...

>

> Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or

should be acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

>

>

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Guest guest

-Hi ,

I agree with you but I have encountered Dr who still think that its being in AF

even if you feel rough is ok and they quote study to back up their finding. I

think this is a case of over work and only reading part of the text.

you would not think the Uk is the 4th Richest nation in the world when you look

at our health cre.

john C

Ps glad to see your still looking in.

<<Hi all,

I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies. They

were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

rather than by drug companies.

[snip]>>

I'd be quite concerned if my Doctor thought the results were applicable to

me. In the AFFIRM study participants were mostly 65 years or older and had

minor or no symptoms from AF. I was 29 when I first got AF four years ago

and am almost bed ridden when I'm in AF. The only thing I have managed is

rate control but I can say without a shadow of doubt I would be much happier

if I could maintain sinus rhythm. I don't know if either study measured

happiness but it's a serious consideration for me (certainly comes before

longevity). Yes, my rate control keeps me out of hospital and may well keep

me alive for a long time but my quality of life is seriously impaired both

when I'm in AF and trying to manage things around it. Even if maintaining

NSR posed a greater health risk because of the medication I would seriously

consider it for the quality of life improvements (if only I could find

something that kept me out of AF!).

On the other hand, if your AF does not bother you and you are able to be as

active as you want then it looks like controlling your rate may be a good

option.

I've pinched this quote from the bottom of

http://www.naspe.org/library/naspe_on_clinical_trials/affirm/

" This trial presents how important new information that will aid physicians

in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. It is very important

to remember the type of patient enrolled, since the results pertain to that

patient and cannot be readily extrapolated to all others. Most important is

the criterion that the treating physicians concluded that their patients

could be adequately managed by either strategy-thus, patients who have

intolerable symptoms of AF even with good rate control, which is a sizeable

group, especially in younger patients, were excluded from this trial. The

data from AFFIRM does NOT pertain to such individuals. Further, AFFIRM

studied older patients, and whether these results would be the same in

younger individuals is not known. " ( N. Prystowsky, M.D.)

I think it's vital to figure out how applicable the study is to you before

considering the conclusions.

--

D (33, Leeds, UK)

vagal AF for 24 hours every 16 days

Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

FAQ - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

For more information: http://www.dialsolutions.com/af

Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe

List owner: AFIBsupport-owner

For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via email,

send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help

Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or should be

acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

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Guest guest

I had all my veins PVA and two extra foci in the atria. I had a one ablation

session on the Monday and another on the Wednesday. back in May 2001.

I dont think about it if it come again then I will go back to France but this

has been firmly placed in the back of my mind and I am trying to enjoy life.

For instance I am 50 now I got this at 44. This year we have had to holiday and

another planned for September. I making up lost time but not going mad just

taking it easy . Also I have just finished a CIsco course and passed it,

something I could not dream of doing before as I could not breath or

keep awake .

C

Re: AFFIRM and RACE

Thanks for the rseponse

Did you have a a single procedure or did you need a follow up. Was it

a PVA, PVI or atrial focus ablation or a combination. Were there any

problems with stenosis. What does Prof H say about the likelyhood of

further focii developing in the veins or atria after focus ablation.

Presumably a PVI would protect against further focii developing in

the PVs.

Dave L

> > HI

> >

> > I am in the UK and the way AF is treated here is a little bit

> different to the rest of the world. the arfirm studies were

completed

> many years ago and the then with the technology and drugs they had

> then' the result was.

> >

> > Now on the other hand Prof. Haissigurre in Bordeaux France the

> master of the PVA has stated to me that if AF is caught fairly

> quickly then there is a good chance of a cure . It its left then

> there is a chance of MULTI FOCAL AF in the Atria appearing where

its

> almost impossible to burn away, with

> > out damaging the Atria. This is the theory that AF behest AF

(Camm

> Waktarie) and the focals cause foculs.

> > Prof H is working on a linear ablation to try and combat this.

> > I believe that one of our members may have had this as well as a

> PVA.

> >

> > Thats my 2p/c worth and this is only my opinion and I am not a DR.

> >

> >

> > C

> >

> >

>

>

>

>

> Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

> FAQ -

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

> For more information: http://www.dialsolutions.com/af

> Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe@y...

> List owner: AFIBsupport-owner@y...

> For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via

email,

> send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help@y...

>

> Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or

should be acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

>

>

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Guest guest

,

You may have the new studies, released in March 2002, confused with something

else.

Of course, the study may not apply to each individual case. It seems like good

background science though.

H

AFFIRM and RACE

Hi all,

I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies. They

were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

rather than by drug companies.

My read is that rate control is at least as effective as rythym

contol....measured by the survival rates over about five years. The

studies were just released in March, but should seriously impact the

method of treatment for afib. Just put the above initials in your

search engine to read about the studies.

In my case of Feb. 2002 discovered continuous afib, both doctors were

at first saying that we should do cardioversion, but since the

studies were published are saying that they don't think cardioversion

is appropriate.....just control the heart rate with digoxin and

diltiazem, and of course get the INR to 2.0 with coumadin.

H

Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

FAQ - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

For more information: http://www.dialsolutions.com/af

Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe

List owner: AFIBsupport-owner

For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via email,

send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help

Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or should be

acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

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Guest guest

> <<Hi all,

> I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies.

They

> were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

> rather than by drug companies.

> [snip]>>

>

> I'd be quite concerned if my Doctor thought the results were

applicable to

> me. In the AFFIRM study participants were mostly 65 years or older

and had

> minor or no symptoms from AF. <snip>

The quality of life issue is of the utmost importance to everyone,

but particularly to those who are still reasonably active.

There is a danger here, that physicians (the majority??), who may be

struggling to treat AF by maintaining NSR, will seize on that part of

the study which they perceive will make their own lives easier, and

apply those particular findings as a " one size fits all solution "

while ignoring the conditions attached to the findings. There may

also be cost advantages in not trying to maintain rythmn. Patients,

in most instances, will not have read the published information, and

may not be in a strong and informed position. This approach may be

understandable, but it is unlikely to be in the best interests of the

patient.

A decision to treat by rate control only, while eliminating possible

adverse effects of drug treatment, must surely in the long term

result in a deterioration of atrial muscle and increase the likely

hood of clot formation. What are the relative risks at any given age?

Dave L

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Guest guest

No I have not seen this can you advise and give a brief overview. By the way Age

does seem to be taken into account here in the UK if you in your late 60s

Amiodarone seem to be the first resort

If you want please post your particulars either on or off the board and I will

go through them with you.

C

Re: AFFIRM and RACE

,

You may have the new studies, released in March 2002, confused with something

else.

Of course, the study may not apply to each individual case. It seems like good

background science though.

H

AFFIRM and RACE

Hi all,

I am wondering what the group thinks about the subject studies. They

were massive studies, and were done by national health institutes,

rather than by drug companies.

My read is that rate control is at least as effective as rythym

contol....measured by the survival rates over about five years. The

studies were just released in March, but should seriously impact the

method of treatment for afib. Just put the above initials in your

search engine to read about the studies.

In my case of Feb. 2002 discovered continuous afib, both doctors were

at first saying that we should do cardioversion, but since the

studies were published are saying that they don't think cardioversion

is appropriate.....just control the heart rate with digoxin and

diltiazem, and of course get the INR to 2.0 with coumadin.

H

Web Page - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport

FAQ - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AFIBsupport/files/Administrative/faq.htm

For more information: http://www.dialsolutions.com/af

Unsubscribe: AFIBsupport-unsubscribe

List owner: AFIBsupport-owner

For help on how to use the group, including how to drive it via email,

send a blank email to AFIBsupport-help

Nothing in this message should be considered as medical advice, or should be

acted upon without consultation with one's physician.

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Guest guest

,

I will paste below the AFFIRM story, then the RACE study. They were taken from:

http://www.naspe.org/library/naspe_on_clinical_trials/

As others have already stated, these trials do not apply to people with

intolerable afib conditions. That happens to be my situation.

H

AFFIRM Clinical Trial

Presented at ACC Annual Scientific Session 2002 on March 18, 2002

D. Wyse, MD, PhD, FACC

Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology

University of Calgary

Calgary, AB, Canada

Dr. Wyse is Chair, AFFIRM Study Planning and Steering Committee

The major consequences of atrial fibrillation include stroke and an

association with increased mortality. A minority of patients also will develop

tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy if they remain in atrial fibrillation with

rapid ventricular rates for prolonged periods. The conventional treatments for

patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation are anticoagulation with rhythm

control or ventricular rate control.

Most physicians in North America prefer strategies that restore and

maintain sinus rhythm. However, there is little data documenting the relative

benefits of rate vs. rhythm control with respect to endpoints such as stroke,

mortality, and patient reported symptoms.

AFFIRM: A Large, Multicenter Trial Studying Rate Versus Rhythm Control

AFFIRM is the largest A Fib trial to date and the first investigation

using an intent-to-treat analysis of total mortality as the primary endpoint in

an investigation of rhythm versus rate control. The trial includes 4,060

patients enrolled at more than 200 sites in Canada and the United States between

1995 and 1999. As of March 2002, at least two years of follow-up had been

achieved for every patient (mean 3.5 years). A total of 74 patients withdrew

consent and were excluded from the data analysis and another 29 patients were

lost to follow up.

Patient Population:

Patients were 65 years of age or older, or under 65 with at least one

stroke risk factor, including high blood pressure, diabetes, previous stroke,

and poor ventricular function. All patients had ECG-documented atrial

fibrillation lasting at least six hours and were able to take anticoagulation.

The enrolling physician deemed long-term treatment (up to 5 years) appropriate,

and that either rate or rhythm control reasonably could be applied.

Methods:

Patients were randomized to rhythm or rate control groups, and treating

physicians chose from an approved menu of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic

therapies. Investigators were encouraged to continue anticoagulation with

warfarin. In the rate control arm, discontinuation of warfarin was a protocol

violation unless a contraindication developed.

AFFIRM Results

Patient Demographics:

The mean age of the patients was 70. Approximately 60% were male and 8%

were minorities. Approximately 70% had hypertension, 39% had coronary artery

disease, 23% had a previous history of heart failure and 13% had a previous

stroke. Diabetes was present in 20%, pulmonary disease in 20% and valvular heart

disease in 13%. One-third had reduced ventricular function by echocardiography.

The primary diagnosis at time of enrollment was hypertension in 51% of patients

and coronary artery disease in 26%.

More than 90% of patients in the rate control arm remained on warfarin.

Those who discontinued developed a contraindication to the agent during the

trial, or the physician did not use warfarin if the patient was in sinus rhythm.

In the rhythm control group, 70% of the patients were on warfarin throughout the

study.

Mortality:

Results showed no pronounced difference between rate and rhythm control,

although a fairly strong tendency toward increased mortality in the rhythm

control arm (353 vs. 302 deaths, p ~ 0.06) was demonstrated.

Stroke:

The majority of strokes occurred in patients who stopped warfarin or had

an INR below 2.0 (70% of strokes in the rate control arm and 80% in the rhythm

control arm). The slight increase in the number of strokes in the rhythm control

was not statistically significant.

Other Outcomes:

There were more hospitalizations in the rhythm control arm. A small number

(15) experienced Torsade de pointes, significantly more in the rhythm control

arm (13 vs. 2). There also was a small number (17) of bradycardic cardiac

arrests that were more frequent in the rhythm control arm (14 vs. 3). No

significant difference in the number of cardiac arrests due to ventricular

tachycardia or fibrillation, nor in the composite endpoint of death plus

disabling stroke, anoxic encephalopathy, resuscitated cardiac arrest and fatal

hemorrhage was observed between the two groups. Data on quality of life and

functional capacity will be presented at an upcoming meeting. However, analysis

as of March 2002 shows no differences.

Discussion:

The primary implication of the AFFIRM results presented at ACC is that

rate control is as efficacious as rhythm control in these patients. Results show

no significant difference in mortality, but a trend toward an increase in deaths

in the rhythm control arm (353 vs. 302 deaths). Strokes were more common in

patients who stopped anticoagulation or received a subtherapeutic dose in both

study groups. The difference in mortality and hospitalizations, which have an

impact on cost, suggest that rate control may be preferred. This novel finding

is contrary to the initial treatment strategy of the majority of North American

physicians who use rate control only when rhythm control does not manage the

arrhythmia.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of AFFIRM, rate control should be considered as a

primary therapy in patients such as those enrolled in AFFIRM, or as secondary

therapy if rhythm control does not work in a short time. Anticoagulation should

be continued even when the patient is in sinus rhythm.

Commentary

This trial presents how important new information that will

aid physicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. It is very

important to remember the type of patient enrolled, since the results pertain to

that patient and cannot be readily extrapolated to all others. Most important is

the criterion that the treating physicians concluded that their patients could

be adequately managed by either strategy-thus, patients who have intolerable

symptoms of AF even with good rate control, which is a sizeable group,

especially in younger patients, were excluded from this trial. The data from

AFFIRM does NOT pertain to such individuals. Further, AFFIRM studied older

patients, and whether these results would be the same in younger individuals is

not known.

N. Prystowsky, M.D.

RACE Clinical Trial

Report submitted by Wang, MD

Late-Breaking Clinical Trials I

Presented at American College of Cardiology, 2002

Prof.dr. Harry J.G.M. Crijns

Hypothesis:

The hypothesis was that rate control of persistent atrial fibrillation

is not inferior to rhythm control.

Study Design:

The trial was conducted in 35 centers in the Netherlands. Patients were

randomized to a rate control and a rhythm control arm. In the Rhythm Control

Arm, electrical cardioversion was performed. Sotalol was the first drug

initiated. If early recurrence (<6 months) of atrial fibrillation occurred,

electrical cardioversion was performed and flecainide or propafenone was

initiated. If again early recurrence occurred, amiodarone was initiated and

electrical cardioversion was performed. If early recurrence occurred, atrial

fibrillation was accepted or AV ablation was performed. If late recurrence (> 6

months) occurred, cardioversion was performed with no change in drugs.

In the Rate Control Arm, for lone atrial fibrillation, aspirin was

given. In other groups, oral anticoagulation was performed to achieve an INR

2-3.5. Anticoagulation was given for one month before and 1 month after

electrical cardioversion. If chronic sinus rhythm occurred, oral anticoagulation

was stopped. Otherwise, oral anticoagulation or aspirin were continued.

Inclusion criteria:

Persistent atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter

>24 hours duration, < 1 year duration of atrial fibrillation

1-2 electrical cardioversions in the past 2 years

On oral anticoagulation

Exclusion criteria:

Transient atrial fibrillation

Class IV heart failure

sick sinus syndrome

Permanent pacemaker

amiodarone

severe systemic disease

Endpoints:

The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, heart

failure hospitalization, thromboembolic complications, severe bleeding,

pacemaker implantation, and severe adverse effects. Severe bleeding included

bleeding causing a decrease in hemoglobin level of > 2g/l, retroperitoneal or

intracranial hemorrhage, bleeding requiring transfusion or hospitalization, or

fatal bleeding.

Rate control drugs included beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and

digoxin. These drugs decreased the heart rate to less than 100 beats per minute.

If there were no symptoms or tolerable symptoms, atrial fibrillation was

accepted. If the symptoms were intolerable, electrical cardioversion or AV

junction ablation was performed.

Principal Findings:

Rate Control

Rhythm Control

N=256

N=266

Age

68±9

68±9

Male

63%

64%

Hypertension

43%

55%

Coronary artery disease

29%

26%

Valve disease

18%

16%

Cardiomyopathy

11%

7%

Lone AF

21%

21%

At three year followup, 40% of patients in Rhythm Control Arm were in

sinus rhythm and 10% of patients in Rate Control Arm were in sinus rhythm.

Primary endpoint in the Rate Control Arm was seen in 17.2% of patients

compared to 22.6% of patients in the Rhythm Control Arm with a 90% confidence

interval (-11%, 0.4%) . Therefore, the inferiority hypothesis was rejected.

The death rate was 7.0% in the rate group and 6.7% in the rhythm

control. The nonfatal events were greater in the Rhythm Control group (approx.

15%) compared to 10% in the rate Control Arm.

Rate Control

Rhythm Control

Primary endpoint

17.2%

22.6%

Cardiovascular mortality

7.0%

6.7%

Heart failure

3.5%

4.5%

Thromboembolic Events

5.5%

7.5%

Bleeding

4.7%

3.4%

Adverse events

0.8%

4.5%

Pacemaker implantation

1.2%

3.0%

The presence of hypertension was associated with decreased benefit in

rhythm control arm. However, this observation has limitations since it results

from post hoc analysis.

No Hypertension

Primary Endpoint

Hypertension

Primary Endpoint

Rate Control

17.1%

Rhythm Control

12.5%

Rate Control

17.3%

Rhythm Control

30.8%

Conclusions:

There is no difference in the composite endpoint (composite of

cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, thromboembolic

complications, severe bleeding, pacemaker implantation, and severe adverse

effects) between the two strategies.

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> ,

>

> I will paste below the AFFIRM story, then the RACE study. They

were taken from:

>

> http://www.naspe.org/library/naspe_on_clinical_trials/

That's very interesting, because there seems to be a modest increase

in mortality in the rhythm control groups in each study vs. the rate

control groups, and the second study seems to indicate that the

problem is when the folks in the rhythm control group also have

hypertension.

Of course, all we need now is docs saying rate control is just as

good as rhythm control for those of us who have to hole up on the

sofa when in afib. As someone previously noted, I hope they read the

whole report and don't jump to conclusions.

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