Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

[Guest guest]

Is this suppose to me an answer to our questions?  This explains how Kaivey knows he is brain damaged?

 

Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness1, 2. In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis3. Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4, 5. Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6, 7. Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

Kv

[Guest guest]

My theory is that after years of chronic stress and general malaise

antidepressant drugs were the last straw wrecking what was left of my

brain. People with less severe problems might survive these driugs, but

not me, sadly.

Kv

>

>

> Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and

> serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of

> glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and

depressive

> illness1

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef1> , 2

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef2> . In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with

> receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly

> inhibit adult neurogenesis3

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef3> . Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis

of

> anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef4> , 5

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef5> . Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required

for

> normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the

> stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to

inhibit

> adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels

are

> slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by

> dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice,

> consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the

> hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef6> , 7

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef7> . Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed

> increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress,

> increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased

> sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a

> small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for

> hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role

> for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

>

> http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html>

>

> Kv

>

[Guest guest]

We don't know what "Kaivey" is dealing with or IF or HOW his brain is damaged, or even if he knows that. We cannot know the depth (or lack of) his suffering. So discretion in talking with him, and carefulness and compassion are called for - just as we would do for a wounded kitten. I'm sorry if that troubles you, Kaivey, but that is how I think of you. Give me a reason to think otherwise. To me, you are a wounded kitten.HelenaTo: "ACT for the Public" <ACT_for_the_Public >Sent: Friday, June 1, 2012 6:05:31 PMSubject: Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

Is this suppose to me an answer to our questions? This explains how Kaivey knows he is brain damaged?

Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness1, 2. In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis3. Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4, 5. Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6, 7. Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

Kv

[Guest guest]

......and I still believe I can get better. Life s painful, and my

relationship with my girlfriend is all over the place, but I believe

things are improving. Slowly.

Kv

> >

> >

> > Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences

and

> > serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation

of

> > glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and

> depressive

> > illness1

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef1> , 2

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef2> . In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with

> > receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly

> > inhibit adult neurogenesis3

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef3> . Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the

pathogenesis

> of

> > anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is

lacking4

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef4> , 5

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef5> . Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required

> for

> > normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the

> > stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to

> inhibit

> > adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels

> are

> > slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by

> > dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice,

> > consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the

> > hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef6> , 7

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> \

> > ef7> . Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed

> > increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress,

> > increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased

> > sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify

a

> > small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical

for

> > hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct

role

> > for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

> >

> >

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

> >

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html>

> >

> > Kv

> >

>

[Guest guest]

Kaivey,Did you use to be a good speller?  Before the chronic stress and general malaise?Malaise is a word once I was trying to type in an email.  My spelling was so far off that the spell checker wouldn't give me the right suggestion.  Maybe I never has a very good Hippocampus to start with.

 

My theory is that after years of chronic stress and general malaise

antidepressant drugs were the last straw wrecking what was left of my

brain. People with less severe problems might survive these driugs, but

not me, sadly.

Kv

>

>

> Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and

> serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of

> glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and

depressive

> illness1

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef1> , 2

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef2> . In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with

> receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly

> inhibit adult neurogenesis3

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef3> . Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis

of

> anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef4> , 5

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef5> . Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required

for

> normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the

> stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to

inhibit

> adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels

are

> slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by

> dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice,

> consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the

> hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef6> , 7

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef7> . Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed

> increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress,

> increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased

> sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a

> small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for

> hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role

> for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

>

> http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html>

>

> Kv

>

[Guest guest]

I don't think humans are damaged or broken by default.  We have been evolving for millions of years.  True, we are displaced from our natural environment that we evolve in.  That is a hunting and gathering clan.  But we evolved the adaptive brain and can deal with modern life and I don't think we are broken by default.

We have been convinced that we are broken or damaged by default and need this pill or this big house or this job or this clothing or this treatment or therapy or this or that to be fixed and not broken or damaged.

So, I'll assume Kaivey is not broken nor brain damaged until he can convince me that he is.  He doesn't apear to be a wounded kitten to me.  A little nutty, yes, but not a wounded kitten.

 

We don't know what " Kaivey " is dealing with or IF or HOW his brain is damaged, or even if he knows that.  We cannot know the depth (or lack of) his suffering.  So discretion in talking with him, and carefulness and compassion are called for - just as we would do for a wounded kitten.  I'm sorry if that troubles you, Kaivey, but that is how I think of you.  Give me a reason to think otherwise.  To me, you are a wounded kitten.

HelenaTo: " ACT for the Public " <ACT_for_the_Public >

Sent: Friday, June 1, 2012 6:05:31 PMSubject: Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

 

Is this suppose to me an answer to our questions?  This explains how Kaivey knows he is brain damaged?

 

Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness1, 2. In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis3. Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4, 5. Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6, 7. Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

Kv

[Guest guest]

He appears to be a wounded kitten to me. Not speaking for Kaivey. Speaking for Wounded. Where I've been. Have you been there, ? I am listening.To: "ACT for the Public" <ACT_for_the_Public >Sent: Friday, June 1, 2012 6:34:51 PMSubject: Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

I don't think humans are damaged or broken by default. We have been evolving for millions of years. True, we are displaced from our natural environment that we evolve in. That is a hunting and gathering clan. But we evolved the adaptive brain and can deal with modern life and I don't think we are broken by default.

We have been convinced that we are broken or damaged by default and need this pill or this big house or this job or this clothing or this treatment or therapy or this or that to be fixed and not broken or damaged.

So, I'll assume Kaivey is not broken nor brain damaged until he can convince me that he is. He doesn't apear to be a wounded kitten to me. A little nutty, yes, but not a wounded kitten.

We don't know what "Kaivey" is dealing with or IF or HOW his brain is damaged, or even if he knows that. We cannot know the depth (or lack of) his suffering. So discretion in talking with him, and carefulness and compassion are called for - just as we would do for a wounded kitten. I'm sorry if that troubles you, Kaivey, but that is how I think of you. Give me a reason to think otherwise. To me, you are a wounded kitten.

HelenaTo: "ACT for the Public" <ACT_for_the_Public >

Sent: Friday, June 1, 2012 6:05:31 PMSubject: Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

Is this suppose to me an answer to our questions? This explains how Kaivey knows he is brain damaged?

Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness1, 2. In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis3. Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4, 5. Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6, 7. Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

Kv

[Guest guest]

OMG, Kaivey, are you dead?There is no doubt that just being alive results in cellular damage from one moment to the next. Pretty much anything we ingest will destroy something. I am not sure your brain is " wrecked " , although you raise an interesting subject. I have to wonder about your self-descriptions, though...any fusion in all that?

. <- No offense intend...Stress impact is a pet favorite topic of mine. Thanks for the info!D

 

My theory is that after years of chronic stress and general malaise

antidepressant drugs were the last straw wrecking what was left of my

brain. People with less severe problems might survive these driugs, but

not me, sadly.

Kv

>

>

> Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and

> serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of

> glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and

depressive

> illness1

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef1> , 2

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef2> . In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with

> receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly

> inhibit adult neurogenesis3

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef3> . Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis

of

> anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef4> , 5

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef5> . Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required

for

> normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the

> stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to

inhibit

> adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels

are

> slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by

> dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice,

> consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the

> hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef6> , 7

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#r\

\

> ef7> . Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed

> increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress,

> increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased

> sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a

> small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for

> hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role

> for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

>

> http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

>

<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html>

>

> Kv

>

-- Darrell G King, RN, CASAC-TRochester, NY, UShttp://darrellking.comDarrellGKing@...

[Guest guest]

Wounded kitten?

 

He appears to be a wounded kitten to me.  Not speaking for Kaivey.  Speaking for Wounded. Where I've been.  Have you been there, ?  I am listening.

To: " ACT for the Public " <ACT_for_the_Public >

Sent: Friday, June 1, 2012 6:34:51 PMSubject: Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

 

I don't think humans are damaged or broken by default.  We have been evolving for millions of years.  True, we are displaced from our natural environment that we evolve in.  That is a hunting and gathering clan.  But we evolved the adaptive brain and can deal with modern life and I don't think we are broken by default.

We have been convinced that we are broken or damaged by default and need this pill or this big house or this job or this clothing or this treatment or therapy or this or that to be fixed and not broken or damaged.

So, I'll assume Kaivey is not broken nor brain damaged until he can convince me that he is.  He doesn't apear to be a wounded kitten to me.  A little nutty, yes, but not a wounded kitten.

 

We don't know what " Kaivey " is dealing with or IF or HOW his brain is damaged, or even if he knows that.  We cannot know the depth (or lack of) his suffering.  So discretion in talking with him, and carefulness and compassion are called for - just as we would do for a wounded kitten.  I'm sorry if that troubles you, Kaivey, but that is how I think of you.  Give me a reason to think otherwise.  To me, you are a wounded kitten.

HelenaTo: " ACT for the Public " <ACT_for_the_Public >

Sent: Friday, June 1, 2012 6:05:31 PMSubject: Re: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour

 

Is this suppose to me an answer to our questions?  This explains how Kaivey knows he is brain damaged?

 

Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness1, 2. In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis3. Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4, 5. Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis6, 7. Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html

Kv

[Guest guest]

Wounded sounds good to me. I always have this self-labeling thoughts running in my mind that I am damaged.Physical wounds heal and skin functions normally again, but when something is damaged, it may not be restored.I held the conviction that life will be too painful to live if my damage cannot repaired, and I would end it.With what Kv had posted, I reckon and hope psychological wounds can be fully healed.TC> >>> >>> **> >>>> >>>> >>> Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and> >>> serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of> >>> glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive> >>> illness1<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref1>,> >>> 2<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref2>> >>> . In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors> >>> for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult> >>> neurogenesis3<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref3>.> >>> Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety> >>> and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking4<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref4>,> >>> 5<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref5>.> >>> Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal> >>> expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress> >>> response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult> >>> neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to> >>> recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in> >>> neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for> >>> the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)> >>> axis6<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref6>,> >>> 7<http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html#ref7>.> >>> Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased> >>> food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased> >>> behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose> >>> preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset> >>> of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal> >>> negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult> >>> neurogenesis in depressive illness.> >>>> >>> http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10287.html> >>>> >>> Kv> >>>> >>>> >>> > > >>