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,

To expand on your point let me

add what occurs during construction of a building.

I completed environmental

studies in order to show what airborne and surfaceborne fungi comes with new

building materials. My studies started in 1988 at Oregon saw mills and open air

drying fields where I collected air and surface mold spore studies looking at

fungal characterization of the surrounding environment affecting newly cut lumber.

My results are consistent with USFS studies including mold growth on newly cut

lumber sap such as Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and Ceratosystiopsis colonies.

I studied construction sites, where

I identified mold in the surrounding dirt, dust and flora on plants and trees.

I found similar fungal characterization of environmental dust and spores in the

newly framed buildings. Finally, I clandestine studied Lowes, Home Depot and

several specialized lumber stores. I found lumber by this point already has

growth on it and settled spores from dust. The stores didn’t

substantially impact the characterization of fungi populations.

In conclusion, what impacted spore

population on new lumber the most was: (1) its natural drying time in open fields

where it is exposed to air and high moisture (e.g., rain); and (2) lumber at

construction sites where disturbance of ground (e.g., trucks moving on dirt,

back hoes, trenching, cutting nearby trees and flora), and leaving dusty

buildings exposed to humid or wet weather conditions. All of these factors

create the mold fingerprint that building framing will have for the rest of its

life. What I attempt to show to builders, they can reduce the micro-bio load of

settled dust in newly framed structures by using good cleanup methods including

removing visible saw dust and debris followed by vacuuming or air-sparging.

Moffett

From:

iequality [mailto:iequality ] On Behalf Of

Shane

Sent: Friday, August 17, 2007 5:05 AM

To: iequality

Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

The short answer is: 1) the mold growth originated from the spores already

present on the substrate, 2) more spores likely came with the water, 3) new spores

landed every time someone brought home food, used food or came in the house, 4)

spores came into the home even when the house was closed up. I don't have to

know what kind of mold was growing. This is how mold goes about growing on

everything that gets wet.

Actually, this is a typical case that insurance handle where

they want to know how old the mold is, and if there was existing mold before

the damage occurred. Mostly a quite impossible question to answer.

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

D. Shane, Ph.D.

Vice President of Laboratory Services/

I just reviewed a case file regarding inadequate and/or negligent

remediation. I think you will find the facts interesting, and applicable to

this discussion of spores, dry or wet, removal or abrasion, etc.

In this particular case, during a 2002 inspection of an area

with a leaky appliance an IH stated that the active mold growth he

identified was the result of the left over, but dormant, spores from a previous

1996 remediation cleaning up mold from a leak in the same appliance. By the

way, in 2002, the floor was wet, as in active, liquid water present.

He does not attempt to opine about the source of the 2002 mold,

other than a leaky appliance.

Nor is there documentation about the appliance being fixed or

replaced.

Interestingly enough, a third inspection, this time in

2004, found similar problems, and it related the wet moldy condition to the

previous 2002 remediation. Yes, wet, again.

Also, the 2002 spec did not address any water leaks or problems.

Just the remediation and clean up of mold. Which by the way included cleaning

of all contents, including those on the second floor.

(there's a lot more, but you get the point)

So, I ask, if the 2004 mold was result of poor remediation of the

2002 mold and the 2002 mold was result of poor remediation of the 1996 mold,

where did the 1996 mold originate?

Or, simply, Which came first, the Chicken or the Egg?

Oh yeah, and just for kix, the IH consultant in 2002 was

hired by the insurance company addressing the loss, by 2004 he had

switched consulting firms and was then the IH hired by the owner, who is suing

the same insurance company who was his client in 2002! How this happens is

beyond me.

Armour, M.S.

Armour Applied Science, LLC

Green Building Healthy Building

Cleveland, OH

<earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

" The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by

the level of thinking that created them. " A.Einstein

" If having endured much, we at last asserted our 'right to

know' and if,

knowing, we have concluded that we are being asked to take senseless and

frightening risks, then we should no longer accept the counsel of those

who tell us that we must fill our world with poisonous chemicals, we

should look around and see what other course is open to us. "

Carson

Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL.com.

<earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

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,

I think I hear you saying that visible mold on wood framing is not

limited to what is commonly assumed to be " just " lumber yard mold

(Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and Ceratosystiopsis). That it is likely

to be the more common types of concern.

If so, then I would surmise that removal is advised rather than

leaving in place or extensive testing first.

Carl Grimes

Healthy Habitats LLC

-----

>

> ,

> To expand on your point let me add what occurs during construction of

> a building.

> I completed environmental studies in order to show what airborne and

> surfaceborne fungi comes with new building materials. My studies

> started in 1988 at Oregon saw mills and open air drying fields where

> I collected air and surface mold spore studies looking at fungal

> characterization of the surrounding environment affecting newly cut

> lumber. My results are consistent with USFS studies including mold

> growth on newly cut lumber sap such as Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and

> Ceratosystiopsis colonies.

> I studied construction sites, where I identified mold in the

> surrounding dirt, dust and flora on plants and trees. I found similar

> fungal characterization of environmental dust and spores in the newly

> framed buildings. Finally, I clandestine studied Lowes, Home Depot

> and several specialized lumber stores. I found lumber by this point

> already has growth on it and settled spores from dust. The stores

> didn´t substantially impact the characterization of fungi

> populations.

> In conclusion, what impacted spore population on new lumber the most

> was: (1) its natural drying time in open fields where it is exposed

> to air and high moisture (e.g., rain); and (2) lumber at construction

> sites where disturbance of ground (e.g., trucks moving on dirt, back

> hoes, trenching, cutting nearby trees and flora), and leaving dusty

> buildings exposed to humid or wet weather conditions. All of these

> factors create the mold fingerprint that building framing will have

> for the rest of its life. What I attempt to show to builders, they

> can reduce the micro-bio load of settled dust in newly framed

> structures by using good cleanup methods including removing visible

> saw dust and debris followed by vacuuming or air-sparging.

>

> Moffett

>

> From: iequality [mailto:iequality ] On

> Behalf Of Shane

> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2007 5:05 AM

> To: iequality

> Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

>

>

>

> The short answer is: 1) the mold growth originated from the spores

> already present on the substrate, 2) more spores likely came with the

> water, 3) new spores landed every time someone brought home food,

> used food or came in the house, 4) spores came into the home even

> when the house was closed up. I don't have to know what kind of mold

> was growing. This is how mold goes about growing on everything that

> gets wet.

>

>

> Actually, this is a typical case that insurance handle where they

> want to know how old the mold is, and if there was existing mold

> before the damage occurred. Mostly a quite impossible question to

> answer.

> ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

>

> D. Shane, Ph.D.

>

> Vice President of Laboratory Services/

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> I just reviewed a case file regarding inadequate and/or negligent

> remediation. I think you will find the facts interesting, and

> applicable to this discussion of spores, dry or wet, removal or

> abrasion, etc.

>

>

>

> In this particular case, during a 2002 inspection of an area witha

> leaky appliance an IH stated that the active mold growth he

> identified was the result of the left over, but dormant, spores from

> a previous 1996 remediation cleaning up mold from a leak in the same

> appliance. By the way, in 2002, the floor was wet, as in active,

> liquid water present.

>

>

>

> He does not attempt to opine about the source of the 2002 mold, other

> than a leaky appliance.

>

>

>

> Nor is there documentation about the appliance being fixed or

> replaced.

>

>

>

> Interestingly enough,a third inspection, this timein 2004, found

> similar problems, and it related the wet moldy condition to the

> previous 2002 remediation. Yes, wet, again.

>

>

>

> Also, the 2002 spec did not address any water leaks or problems. Just

> the remediation and clean up of mold. Which by the way included

> cleaning of all contents, including those on the second floor.

>

>

>

> (there'sa lot more, but you get the point)

>

>

>

> So, I ask, if the 2004 mold was result of poor remediation of the

> 2002 mold and the 2002 mold was result of poor remediation of the

> 1996 mold, where did the 1996 mold originate?

>

>

>

> Or, simply, Which came first, the Chicken or the Egg?

>

>

>

> Oh yeah, and just for kix, the IH consultant in 2002 was hiredby the

> insurance company addressing the loss, by 2004 he had switched

> consulting firms and was then the IH hired by the owner, who is suing

> the same insurance company who was his client in 2002! How this

> happens is beyond me.

>

>

>

> Armour, M.S.

> Armour Applied Science, LLC

> Green Building Healthy Building

> Cleveland, OH

>

> <earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

>

>

>

> " The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the

> level of thinking that created them. " A.Einstein

>

> " If having endured much, we at last asserted our 'right to know' and

> if,

> knowing, we have concluded that we are being asked to take senseless

> and

> frightening risks, then we should no longer accept the counsel of

> those

> who tell us that we must fill our world with poisonous chemicals, we

> should look around and see what other course is open to us. "

> Carson

>

>

>

>

>

> Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL.com.

> <earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> FAIR USE NOTICE:

>

> This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not

> always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are

> making such material available in our efforts to advance

> understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic,

> democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe

> this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as

> provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance

> with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is

> distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior

> interest in receiving the included information for research and

> educational purposes. For more information go to:

> http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml. If you wish to use

> copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go

> beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright

> owner.

>

>

>

>

>

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Share on other sites

,

I think I hear you saying that visible mold on wood framing is not

limited to what is commonly assumed to be " just " lumber yard mold

(Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and Ceratosystiopsis). That it is likely

to be the more common types of concern.

If so, then I would surmise that removal is advised rather than

leaving in place or extensive testing first.

Carl Grimes

Healthy Habitats LLC

-----

>

> ,

> To expand on your point let me add what occurs during construction of

> a building.

> I completed environmental studies in order to show what airborne and

> surfaceborne fungi comes with new building materials. My studies

> started in 1988 at Oregon saw mills and open air drying fields where

> I collected air and surface mold spore studies looking at fungal

> characterization of the surrounding environment affecting newly cut

> lumber. My results are consistent with USFS studies including mold

> growth on newly cut lumber sap such as Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and

> Ceratosystiopsis colonies.

> I studied construction sites, where I identified mold in the

> surrounding dirt, dust and flora on plants and trees. I found similar

> fungal characterization of environmental dust and spores in the newly

> framed buildings. Finally, I clandestine studied Lowes, Home Depot

> and several specialized lumber stores. I found lumber by this point

> already has growth on it and settled spores from dust. The stores

> didn´t substantially impact the characterization of fungi

> populations.

> In conclusion, what impacted spore population on new lumber the most

> was: (1) its natural drying time in open fields where it is exposed

> to air and high moisture (e.g., rain); and (2) lumber at construction

> sites where disturbance of ground (e.g., trucks moving on dirt, back

> hoes, trenching, cutting nearby trees and flora), and leaving dusty

> buildings exposed to humid or wet weather conditions. All of these

> factors create the mold fingerprint that building framing will have

> for the rest of its life. What I attempt to show to builders, they

> can reduce the micro-bio load of settled dust in newly framed

> structures by using good cleanup methods including removing visible

> saw dust and debris followed by vacuuming or air-sparging.

>

> Moffett

>

> From: iequality [mailto:iequality ] On

> Behalf Of Shane

> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2007 5:05 AM

> To: iequality

> Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

>

>

>

> The short answer is: 1) the mold growth originated from the spores

> already present on the substrate, 2) more spores likely came with the

> water, 3) new spores landed every time someone brought home food,

> used food or came in the house, 4) spores came into the home even

> when the house was closed up. I don't have to know what kind of mold

> was growing. This is how mold goes about growing on everything that

> gets wet.

>

>

> Actually, this is a typical case that insurance handle where they

> want to know how old the mold is, and if there was existing mold

> before the damage occurred. Mostly a quite impossible question to

> answer.

> ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

>

> D. Shane, Ph.D.

>

> Vice President of Laboratory Services/

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> I just reviewed a case file regarding inadequate and/or negligent

> remediation. I think you will find the facts interesting, and

> applicable to this discussion of spores, dry or wet, removal or

> abrasion, etc.

>

>

>

> In this particular case, during a 2002 inspection of an area witha

> leaky appliance an IH stated that the active mold growth he

> identified was the result of the left over, but dormant, spores from

> a previous 1996 remediation cleaning up mold from a leak in the same

> appliance. By the way, in 2002, the floor was wet, as in active,

> liquid water present.

>

>

>

> He does not attempt to opine about the source of the 2002 mold, other

> than a leaky appliance.

>

>

>

> Nor is there documentation about the appliance being fixed or

> replaced.

>

>

>

> Interestingly enough,a third inspection, this timein 2004, found

> similar problems, and it related the wet moldy condition to the

> previous 2002 remediation. Yes, wet, again.

>

>

>

> Also, the 2002 spec did not address any water leaks or problems. Just

> the remediation and clean up of mold. Which by the way included

> cleaning of all contents, including those on the second floor.

>

>

>

> (there'sa lot more, but you get the point)

>

>

>

> So, I ask, if the 2004 mold was result of poor remediation of the

> 2002 mold and the 2002 mold was result of poor remediation of the

> 1996 mold, where did the 1996 mold originate?

>

>

>

> Or, simply, Which came first, the Chicken or the Egg?

>

>

>

> Oh yeah, and just for kix, the IH consultant in 2002 was hiredby the

> insurance company addressing the loss, by 2004 he had switched

> consulting firms and was then the IH hired by the owner, who is suing

> the same insurance company who was his client in 2002! How this

> happens is beyond me.

>

>

>

> Armour, M.S.

> Armour Applied Science, LLC

> Green Building Healthy Building

> Cleveland, OH

>

> <earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

>

>

>

> " The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the

> level of thinking that created them. " A.Einstein

>

> " If having endured much, we at last asserted our 'right to know' and

> if,

> knowing, we have concluded that we are being asked to take senseless

> and

> frightening risks, then we should no longer accept the counsel of

> those

> who tell us that we must fill our world with poisonous chemicals, we

> should look around and see what other course is open to us. "

> Carson

>

>

>

>

>

> Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL.com.

> <earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> FAIR USE NOTICE:

>

> This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not

> always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are

> making such material available in our efforts to advance

> understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic,

> democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe

> this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as

> provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance

> with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is

> distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior

> interest in receiving the included information for research and

> educational purposes. For more information go to:

> http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml. If you wish to use

> copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go

> beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright

> owner.

>

>

>

>

>

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Carl,

Yep, youbetcha. During a mold remediation project, spending the

time to analyze and separate molds that grew as a result of the water damage

claim and that of normal flora (e.g., lumberyard molds) cannot be achieved.

That would be like fumigating a house for termites only and leaving ants and

wood-eating beetles behind, because they are indigenous.

From: iequality

[mailto:iequality ] On Behalf Of Carl E. Grimes

Sent: Friday, August 17, 2007 1:19 PM

To: iequality

Subject: RE: Re: Another new technology

,

I think I hear you saying that visible mold on wood framing is not

limited to what is commonly assumed to be " just " lumber yard mold

(Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and Ceratosystiopsis). That it is likely

to be the more common types of concern.

If so, then I would surmise that removal is advised rather than

leaving in place or extensive testing first.

Carl Grimes

Healthy Habitats LLC

-----

>

> ,

> To expand on your point let me add what occurs during construction of

> a building.

> I completed environmental studies in order to show what airborne and

> surfaceborne fungi comes with new building materials. My studies

> started in 1988 at Oregon saw mills and open air drying fields where

> I collected air and surface mold spore studies looking at fungal

> characterization of the surrounding environment affecting newly cut

> lumber. My results are consistent with USFS studies including mold

> growth on newly cut lumber sap such as Ceratocystis, Ophiostoma, and

> Ceratosystiopsis colonies.

> I studied construction sites, where I identified mold in the

> surrounding dirt, dust and flora on plants and trees. I found similar

> fungal characterization of environmental dust and spores in the newly

> framed buildings. Finally, I clandestine studied Lowes, Home Depot

> and several specialized lumber stores. I found lumber by this point

> already has growth on it and settled spores from dust. The stores

> didn´t substantially impact the characterization of fungi

> populations.

> In conclusion, what impacted spore population on new lumber the most

> was: (1) its natural drying time in open fields where it is exposed

> to air and high moisture (e.g., rain); and (2) lumber at construction

> sites where disturbance of ground (e.g., trucks moving on dirt, back

> hoes, trenching, cutting nearby trees and flora), and leaving dusty

> buildings exposed to humid or wet weather conditions. All of these

> factors create the mold fingerprint that building framing will have

> for the rest of its life. What I attempt to show to builders, they

> can reduce the micro-bio load of settled dust in newly framed

> structures by using good cleanup methods including removing visible

> saw dust and debris followed by vacuuming or air-sparging.

>

> Moffett

>

> From: iequality

[mailto:iequality ]

On

> Behalf Of Shane

> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2007 5:05 AM

> To: iequality

> Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

>

>

>

> The short answer is: 1) the mold growth originated from the spores

> already present on the substrate, 2) more spores likely came with the

> water, 3) new spores landed every time someone brought home food,

> used food or came in the house, 4) spores came into the home even

> when the house was closed up. I don't have to know what kind of mold

> was growing. This is how mold goes about growing on everything that

> gets wet.

>

>

> Actually, this is a typical case that insurance handle where they

> want to know how old the mold is, and if there was existing mold

> before the damage occurred. Mostly a quite impossible question to

> answer.

> ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

>

> D. Shane, Ph.D.

>

> Vice President of Laboratory Services/

>

>

>

>

>

> On Aug 16, 2007, at 4:35 PM, healthyhouse@...

wrote:

>

>

>

> I just reviewed a case file regarding inadequate and/or negligent

> remediation. I think you will find the facts interesting, and

> applicable to this discussion of spores, dry or wet, removal or

> abrasion, etc.

>

>

>

> In this particular case, during a 2002 inspection of an area witha

> leaky appliance an IH stated that the active mold growth he

> identified was the result of the left over, but dormant, spores from

> a previous 1996 remediation cleaning up mold from a leak in the same

> appliance. By the way, in 2002, the floor was wet, as in active,

> liquid water present.

>

>

>

> He does not attempt to opine about the source of the 2002 mold, other

> than a leaky appliance.

>

>

>

> Nor is there documentation about the appliance being fixed or

> replaced.

>

>

>

> Interestingly enough,a third inspection, this timein 2004, found

> similar problems, and it related the wet moldy condition to the

> previous 2002 remediation. Yes, wet, again.

>

>

>

> Also, the 2002 spec did not address any water leaks or problems. Just

> the remediation and clean up of mold. Which by the way included

> cleaning of all contents, including those on the second floor.

>

>

>

> (there'sa lot more, but you get the point)

>

>

>

> So, I ask, if the 2004 mold was result of poor remediation of the

> 2002 mold and the 2002 mold was result of poor remediation of the

> 1996 mold, where did the 1996 mold originate?

>

>

>

> Or, simply, Which came first, the Chicken or the Egg?

>

>

>

> Oh yeah, and just for kix, the IH consultant in 2002 was hiredby the

> insurance company addressing the loss, by 2004 he had switched

> consulting firms and was then the IH hired by the owner, who is suing

> the same insurance company who was his client in 2002! How this

> happens is beyond me.

>

>

>

> Armour, M.S.

> Armour Applied Science, LLC

> Green Building Healthy Building

> Cleveland, OH

>

> <earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

>

>

>

> " The problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the

> level of thinking that created them. " A.Einstein

>

> " If having endured much, we at last asserted our 'right to know' and

> if,

> knowing, we have concluded that we are being asked to take senseless

> and

> frightening risks, then we should no longer accept the counsel of

> those

> who tell us that we must fill our world with poisonous chemicals, we

> should look around and see what other course is open to us. "

> Carson

>

>

>

>

>

> Get a sneak peek of the all-new AOL.com.

> <earth%20africa%20satellite%20photo>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

> FAIR USE NOTICE:

>

> This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not

> always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are

> making such material available in our efforts to advance

> understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic,

> democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe

> this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as

> provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance

> with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is

> distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior

> interest in receiving the included information for research and

> educational purposes. For more information go to:

> http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml.

If you wish to use

> copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go

> beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright

> owner.

>

>

>

>

>

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EnviroBob:

Can you assure the commerce that you have totally removed all biomass, essentially rendering it STERILE, such that the organism and/or its body fragments and/or spores will never come into contact with receptors? And if not, please detail your controls to which you will monitor into the future until such organisms are removed?

You ask such ridiculous, impractical questions!

,

You stated: Also, removal may no be warranted in situations where the organism does not come into contact with a receptor or where contact is inconsequential.

My reply: Can you assure the commerce that removal is not warranted because the organism and/or it body fragments and/or spores will not come into contact with a receptor? And if you are able, please detail your controls to which you will monitor into the future until such organisms are removed.

EnviroBob

From: iequality [mailto:iequality ] On Behalf Of Wei Tang

Sent: Thursday, August 16, 2007 11:48 AM

To: iequality

Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

,

I meant comparing to the claim made by Carl's contact.

Fumigation plus removal vs. Removal

Sorry if my wiriting wasn't clear.

Wei Tang

QLab

Geyer wrote:

Wei:

Respectfully disagree.

Removal may be the most effective method, but it is not necessarily the most cost effective method. Moreover, in many instances, removal is the least cost effective method. Also, removal may no be warranted in situations where the organism does not come into contact with a receptor or where contact is inconsequential.

Carl,

I don't believe that the abrasive method can be skipped unless I see some real data. Assuming the dead mold is a little bit easier to be brushed away (which I am not saying), this add-on " benefit " doesn't justify the cost involved. Unless very low amount of viable biological agent (e.g. anthrax) can be a serious threat, IMO, removal is still the most cost effective way.

Wei Tang

QLab

" Carl E. Grimes " wrote:

I've had a couple of conversations lately on similar approaches and I

think I see a newly developing theme (for marketing at least).

Instead of a focus only on killing mold I see it shifting to " kill

the mold first because dead mold is easier to remove than live mold. "

They seem to be claiming HEPA vacuuming is usually sufficient

(assuming the surfaces are exposed), which means the expensive

abrasive methods are no longer needed.

This has some appeal to me. So my question to the group, " Is dead

mold easier to remove than live mold? " If so, " are abrasive methods

no longer needed? "

Carl Grimes

Healthy Habitats LLC

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Henry:

Your information regarding these nuances are very relevant. Thanks. This area, i.e., what defines a “pesticide” vs “biocide,” is beginning to get blurred and muddied. The original intent and application of pesticides and pest control involved the control of insects and nuisance animals (e.g., birds and rodents). I now see the term (i.e., pesticide) being broadened to include non-motile critters (e.g., mold). I also foresee turf wars between regulating agencies as the blurr crosses jurisdictions. I, for one, see both advantages and disadvantage of defining mold as a pest; within the current framework of governmental controls. And I am not sure which side of the fence to sit on. Maybe the framework of governmental controls in this area warrant restructuring? Moreover, I have significant issues and do not readily agree with including mold (essentially a non-motile plant) with other pests (e.g., termites, mosquitoes, starlings, gophers, mice, etc). My crystal ball is not to clear with respect to where this is all going.

Yes......Bleach is a laundry additive; and many bleach products state that they sanitize. H2O2 based medical products similarly state that they disinfect. OK. And common sense tells us that these products have their attributes in mold remediation too. Are we trying to beat square pegs into round holes?, or are we avoiding the obvious. I can understand from a manufacturer’s perspective why I would avoid labeling my bleach or H2O2 product as one that kills mold.....because the EPA would require registration!; which is costly and time consuming and of little value for a common sense application of a common product. EPA registration may be a big disincentive for the obvious.

Bleach and H2O2 based products are not used for insects and nuisance animals (i.e., pests), but they are for mold. So why are we including mold with these other pests? Are they similar?

I ask rhetorical questions, for which there is no need to answer.

Friends and colleagues:

A few quick comments, based on what I've learned, but not necessarily authoritative.

A " pesticidal device " is any equipment that can kill bugs without a chemical pesticide. You could register a shoe as a pesticidal device; put it on and stomp on any cockroach that you see.

Generally, the law covering such devices is not as stringent as the laws for pesticides. No proof of efficacy is required, for instance.

Is H2O2/hydrogen peroxide a pesticide? I don't ever recall hearing it labeled as such, but I could be wrong. Most store-brand bleach is not sold as a pesticide, but as a laundry additive, so it does not need EPA registration, as long as they make no pesticidal claims for it. Ditto for H2O2. If this firm is making a claim that the H2O2 kills some form of living creature, then the H2O2 is considered a pesticide and must be registered as such.

FYI: I forwarded information about this Web site to our regional pesticide office. They will presumably take appropriate action. Stay tuned!

Henry Slack

Although this is the best information I can put down at this moment, that doesn't mean that it's entirely correct. Please don't treat it as necesarily complete or representing EPA's positions accurately. Thank you.

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Henry,

I would respectfully like a clarification on your statement. IF a product is labeled a sanitizer or disinfectant, is it not required to have an EPA registration?

ge

:Thankx for your points.Regarding the definition of pesticide: Congress passed the FederalInsecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) which definedfungicides as "pesticides". You can of course feel free to make wordsdo what you want them to, but us folks here from the government (andyes, we're all here to help you) must in this case follow whateverCongress says.EPA registration is only required if you make a "pesticidal claim" --that is, if you, the manufacturer, state that "Our product kills mold."Again, this is defined by FIFRA. As the bumper sticker says, "186,0000miles per second -- not just a good idea, but THE LAW!"HenryRe: Another new technologyPosted by: " Geyer" mgeyeratg1 bs101masterSun Aug 19, 2007 6:58 pm (PST)Henry:Your information regarding these nuances are very relevant. Thanks. Thisarea, i.e., what defines a ³pesticide² vs ³biocide,² is beginning to getblurred and muddied. The original intent and application of pesticidesandpest control involved the control of insects and nuisance animals (e.g.,birds and rodents). I now see the term (i.e., pesticide) being broadenedtoinclude non-motile critters (e.g., mold). I also foresee turf warsbetweenregulating agencies as the blurr crosses jurisdictions. I, for one, seeboth advantages and disadvantage of defining mold as a pest; within thecurrent framework of governmental controls. And I am not sure which sideofthe fence to sit on. Maybe the framework of governmental controls inthisarea warrant restructuring? Moreover, I have significant issues and donotreadily agree with including mold (essentially a non-motile plant) withother pests (e.g., termites, mosquitoes, starlings, gophers, mice, etc).Mycrystal ball is not to clear with respect to where this is all going.Yes......Bleach is a laundry additive; and many bleach products statethatthey sanitize. H2O2 based medical products similarly state that theydisinfect. OK. And common sense tells us that these products have theirattributes in mold remediation too. Are we trying to beat square pegsintoround holes?, or are we avoiding the obvious. I can understand from amanufacturer¹s perspective why I would avoid labeling my bleach or H2O2product as one that kills mold.....because the EPA would requireregistration!; which is costly and time consuming and of little valuefor acommon sense application of a common product. EPA registration may be abigdisincentive for the obvious.Bleach and H2O2 based products are not used for insects and nuisanceanimals(i.e., pests), but they are for mold. So why are we including mold withthese other pests? Are they similar?I ask rhetorical questions, for which there is no need to answer.On 8/16/07 8:24 PM, "slack.henryepa (DOT) gov" <slack.henryepa (DOT) gov> wrote:>> Friends and colleagues:>> A few quick comments, based on what I've learned, but not necessarily> authoritative.>> A "pesticidal device" is any equipment that can kill bugs without achemical> pesticide. You could register a shoe as a pesticidal device; put it onand> stomp on any cockroach that you see.>> Generally, the law covering such devices is not as stringent as thelaws for> pesticides. No proof of efficacy is required, for instance.>> Is H2O2/hydrogen peroxide a pesticide? I don't ever recall hearing itlabeled> as such, but I could be wrong. Most store-brand bleach is not sold asa> pesticide, but as a laundry additive, so it does not need EPAregistration, as> long as they make no pesticidal claims for it. Ditto for H2O2. If thisfirm> is making a claim that the H2O2 kills some form of living creature,then the> H2O2 is considered a pesticide and must be registered as such.>> FYI: I forwarded information about this Web site to our regionalpesticide> office. They will presumably take appropriate action. Stay tuned!>>> Henry Slack>> Although this is the best information I can put down at this moment,that> doesn't mean that it's entirely correct. Please don't treat it asnecesarily> complete or representing EPA's positions accurately. Thank you.>

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  • 3 weeks later...

,

Knowing

that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL

SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found

particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left

behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential

to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into

contact with receptors?

My point was you will not nor can you

manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has

great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal

the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant

will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same

materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the

sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and

sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of

course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief.  

EnviroBob

From: iequality [mailto:iequality ] On Behalf Of Geyer

Sent: Saturday, August 18, 2007

4:12 PM

To: iequality

Subject: Re: Re:

Another new technology

EnviroBob:

Can you assure the commerce that you have totally removed all biomass,

essentially rendering it STERILE, such that the organism and/or its body

fragments and/or spores will never come into contact with receptors? And

if not, please detail your controls to which you will monitor into the future

until such organisms are removed?

You ask such ridiculous, impractical questions!

On 8/16/07 12:56 PM, " EnviroBob " <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs>

wrote:

,

You stated: Also, removal may no be warranted in situations

where the organism does not come into contact with a receptor or where contact

is inconsequential.

My reply: Can you assure the commerce that removal is not warranted because the

organism and/or it body fragments and/or spores will not come into contact with

a receptor? And if you are able, please detail your controls to which you will

monitor into the future until such organisms are removed.

EnviroBob

From: iequality

[mailto:iequality ]

On Behalf Of Wei Tang

Sent: Thursday, August 16, 2007

11:48 AM

To: iequality

Subject: Re: Re:

Another new technology

,

I meant comparing to

the claim made by Carl's contact.

Fumigation plus

removal vs. Removal

Sorry if my wiriting

wasn't clear.

Wei Tang

QLab

Geyer <mgeyeratg1>

wrote:

Wei:

Respectfully disagree.

Removal may be the most effective method, but it is not necessarily the most

cost effective method. Moreover, in many instances, removal is the least

cost effective method. Also, removal may no be warranted in situations

where the organism does not come into contact with a receptor or where contact

is inconsequential.

On 8/14/07 9:37 PM, " Wei Tang " <wtangQLABusa> wrote:

Carl,

I don't believe that the abrasive method can be skipped unless I see some real

data. Assuming the dead mold is a little bit easier to be brushed away (which I

am not saying), this add-on " benefit " doesn't justify the cost

involved. Unless very low amount of viable biological agent (e.g. anthrax) can be

a serious threat, IMO, removal is still the most cost effective way.

Wei Tang

QLab

" Carl E.

Grimes " <grimeshabitats>

wrote:

I've had a couple of conversations lately on similar approaches and I

think I see a newly developing theme (for marketing at least).

Instead of a focus only on killing mold I see it shifting to " kill

the mold first because dead mold is easier to remove than live mold. "

They seem to be claiming HEPA vacuuming is usually sufficient

(assuming the surfaces are exposed), which means the expensive

abrasive methods are no longer needed.

This has some appeal to me. So my question to the group, " Is dead

mold easier to remove than live mold? " If so, " are abrasive methods

no longer needed? "

Carl Grimes

Healthy Habitats LLC

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EnviroBob:

1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.

2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!

3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.

4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!

5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.

6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?

7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!

Enuff said.

,

Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors?

My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief.  

EnviroBob

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Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology

EnviroBob:1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!Enuff said.On 9/5/07 1:56 PM, "EnviroBob" <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs> wrote:

, Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors? My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief. EnviroBob

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Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology

EnviroBob:1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!Enuff said.On 9/5/07 1:56 PM, "EnviroBob" <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs> wrote:

, Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors? My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief. EnviroBob

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,Work by Dr. Straus and others has showed that with fungal fragments the inhibition of protein synthesis does not decrease in a linear manner as the amount of fragment load decreases. Even a very small amount of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins on fungal fragments (which are also those able to penetrate most deeply into the lungs - unlike the much larger 'spores') causes major levels of inflammation highly comparable with higher levels. There are also numerous other substances in stachybotrys fungal fragments that are toxic in various ways. At least three or four other broad categories. They just discovered an entirely new class of compounds that cause damage a few weeks ago. The fragments carry them all.

The fragments are also the parts that seem to have the least trouble passing through the tiniest holes between areas in wooden buildings in response to even small pressure diffferentials.See

http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9512267756/article6.pdfAiraksinen M., Kurnitski J., Pasanen P. and Seppänen O., Fungal spore transport

through a building structure. Indoor Air, accepted for publication.

© 2003 by authors and © 2003 Blackwell Publishing. By permission.also http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9512267756/article5.pdfAiraksinen M., Pasanen P., Kurnitski J. and Seppänen O., Microbial contamination

of indoor air due to leakages from crawl space – a field study. Indoor Air,

accepted for publication.

© 2003 by authors and © 2003 Blackwell Publishing. By permission.(Those are the links you were asking about)On 9/10/07, Geyer <

mgeyer@...> wrote:

EnviroBob:

1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.

2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!

3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.

4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!

5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.

6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?

7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!

Enuff said.

,

Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study "FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE"

that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors?

My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief.

EnviroBob

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,Work by Dr. Straus and others has showed that with fungal fragments the inhibition of protein synthesis does not decrease in a linear manner as the amount of fragment load decreases. Even a very small amount of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins on fungal fragments (which are also those able to penetrate most deeply into the lungs - unlike the much larger 'spores') causes major levels of inflammation highly comparable with higher levels. There are also numerous other substances in stachybotrys fungal fragments that are toxic in various ways. At least three or four other broad categories. They just discovered an entirely new class of compounds that cause damage a few weeks ago. The fragments carry them all.

The fragments are also the parts that seem to have the least trouble passing through the tiniest holes between areas in wooden buildings in response to even small pressure diffferentials.See

http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9512267756/article6.pdfAiraksinen M., Kurnitski J., Pasanen P. and Seppänen O., Fungal spore transport

through a building structure. Indoor Air, accepted for publication.

© 2003 by authors and © 2003 Blackwell Publishing. By permission.also http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2003/isbn9512267756/article5.pdfAiraksinen M., Pasanen P., Kurnitski J. and Seppänen O., Microbial contamination

of indoor air due to leakages from crawl space – a field study. Indoor Air,

accepted for publication.

© 2003 by authors and © 2003 Blackwell Publishing. By permission.(Those are the links you were asking about)On 9/10/07, Geyer <

mgeyer@...> wrote:

EnviroBob:

1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.

2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!

3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.

4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!

5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.

6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?

7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!

Enuff said.

,

Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study "FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE"

that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors?

My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief.

EnviroBob

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Jim:

Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.

However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).

I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology

EnviroBob:

1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.

2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!

3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.

4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!

5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.

6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?

7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!

Enuff said.

,

Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors?

My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief.

EnviroBob

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Jim:

Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.

However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).

I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology

EnviroBob:

1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.

2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!

3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.

4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!

5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.

6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?

7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!

Enuff said.

,

Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors?

My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief.

EnviroBob

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Hello and Jim and Bob,

Sounds like it gets back to controlled exposure for the occupant. How much mold is considered deminimus in the wall? Can we just filter the air cheaper? Maybe we should add deed restrictions for remodeling those areas of the building that have hidden mold? Require semi annual follow up sampling? Documenting real exposure, year round, is very expensive, and then what happens if the next owner / occupant can not tolerate the exposure level left by the seller? The cost of covering / addressing all these items is usually more than properly conducting the mold removal. There are always exceptions. What is the natural outdoor spore loading factor for the region of the world the building is located? If the wall is adding 25 A/P spores / m3 to the average indoor building level, is that significant? What if it adds 75 A/P spores / m3 to a specific room; maybe the new baby's room, and then carpet dust levels start to increase over time and on and on.......

, how much time and money do we spend to document that the remaining unquantified, hidden mold is not an exposure problem to all likely expected building occupants? I think it gets real expensive to do the proper testing and documentation; and then to verify it the next year or when the building sells. The devil is in the details. As always, I'm curious how other address this issue given the lack of good exposure and risk assessment data.

Bradley HarrSr. Environmental Scientist

-----Original Message-----From: iequality [mailto:iequality ]On Behalf Of GeyerSent: Monday, September 10, 2007 4:21 PMTo: iequality Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?On 9/10/07 11:38 AM, "Jim H. White" <systemsamagma (DOT) ca> wrote:

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology EnviroBob:1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!Enuff said.On 9/5/07 1:56 PM, "EnviroBob" <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs> wrote:

, Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors? My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief. EnviroBob

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Hello and Jim and Bob,

Sounds like it gets back to controlled exposure for the occupant. How much mold is considered deminimus in the wall? Can we just filter the air cheaper? Maybe we should add deed restrictions for remodeling those areas of the building that have hidden mold? Require semi annual follow up sampling? Documenting real exposure, year round, is very expensive, and then what happens if the next owner / occupant can not tolerate the exposure level left by the seller? The cost of covering / addressing all these items is usually more than properly conducting the mold removal. There are always exceptions. What is the natural outdoor spore loading factor for the region of the world the building is located? If the wall is adding 25 A/P spores / m3 to the average indoor building level, is that significant? What if it adds 75 A/P spores / m3 to a specific room; maybe the new baby's room, and then carpet dust levels start to increase over time and on and on.......

, how much time and money do we spend to document that the remaining unquantified, hidden mold is not an exposure problem to all likely expected building occupants? I think it gets real expensive to do the proper testing and documentation; and then to verify it the next year or when the building sells. The devil is in the details. As always, I'm curious how other address this issue given the lack of good exposure and risk assessment data.

Bradley HarrSr. Environmental Scientist

-----Original Message-----From: iequality [mailto:iequality ]On Behalf Of GeyerSent: Monday, September 10, 2007 4:21 PMTo: iequality Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?On 9/10/07 11:38 AM, "Jim H. White" <systemsamagma (DOT) ca> wrote:

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology EnviroBob:1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!Enuff said.On 9/5/07 1:56 PM, "EnviroBob" <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs> wrote:

, Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors? My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief. EnviroBob

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Hello and Jim and Bob,

Sounds like it gets back to controlled exposure for the occupant. How much mold is considered deminimus in the wall? Can we just filter the air cheaper? Maybe we should add deed restrictions for remodeling those areas of the building that have hidden mold? Require semi annual follow up sampling? Documenting real exposure, year round, is very expensive, and then what happens if the next owner / occupant can not tolerate the exposure level left by the seller? The cost of covering / addressing all these items is usually more than properly conducting the mold removal. There are always exceptions. What is the natural outdoor spore loading factor for the region of the world the building is located? If the wall is adding 25 A/P spores / m3 to the average indoor building level, is that significant? What if it adds 75 A/P spores / m3 to a specific room; maybe the new baby's room, and then carpet dust levels start to increase over time and on and on.......

, how much time and money do we spend to document that the remaining unquantified, hidden mold is not an exposure problem to all likely expected building occupants? I think it gets real expensive to do the proper testing and documentation; and then to verify it the next year or when the building sells. The devil is in the details. As always, I'm curious how other address this issue given the lack of good exposure and risk assessment data.

Bradley HarrSr. Environmental Scientist

-----Original Message-----From: iequality [mailto:iequality ]On Behalf Of GeyerSent: Monday, September 10, 2007 4:21 PMTo: iequality Subject: Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?On 9/10/07 11:38 AM, "Jim H. White" <systemsamagma (DOT) ca> wrote:

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.Jim H. White SSC

Re: Re: Another new technology EnviroBob:1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!Enuff said.On 9/5/07 1:56 PM, "EnviroBob" <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs> wrote:

, Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors? My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief. EnviroBob

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Re your last sentences: "some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?"I am inclined towards the following comments:

1 they may be relevant for the people involved;

2 I find such air-driven particle movement in a large fraction in the troubled houses that I investigate; they may be irrelevant in many others.

I wish that we had better and more statistically-significant research.

Peace be with you,

Jim

Re: Re: Another new technology EnviroBob:1 – Provide a link to the study you identify.2 – Some biomass is NORMAL!3 – No biomass! Then is it sterile?; which is impractical.4 – You cannot removal all biomass without demolishing the structure. But I have said this many times before!5 – Minor spore transport is insignificant.6 – Pressure differentials sufficient to transport significant quantities of biomass (and other stuff from a wall cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules) happens during hurricanes and tornados. How often is your home affected by a hurricane or tornado?7 – If air movement is so profound that fungal spore transport is significant, then the walls have no insulating value. Recall the purpose of house wraps and insulation – it is to prevent air movement!!!!!!Enuff said.On 9/5/07 1:56 PM, "EnviroBob" <BobEnvironmentalAirTechs> wrote:

, Knowing that due to pressure differentials and a study “FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE” that found particulate will migrate through walls than how are you going to manage the left behind particulate that has a reasonable (and more likely than not) potential to migrate into the living space thus increasing the potential of coming into contact with receptors? My point was you will not nor can you manage the particulate so why leave it behind when you know it will and has great potential to migrate into the living space. Even if you attempt to seal the materials where they converge you can not guarantee how long the sealant will be affective due to variable expansion and contractions rates of the same materials. Additionally, eventually the sealant will dry out thus rendering the sealant no longer effective. Your attempt to remediate by leaving in place and sealing the openings is no more than a temporary solution at best. Now of course the RC gets their money and the owner received temporary relief. EnviroBob

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Brad:

All are VERY good and VERY relevant questions! Well stated....albeit, no good answers on my part.

This said, I find those that advocate TOTAL removal to be unrealistic and impractical. These folks will admit that one cannot make the environment sterile of mold products or allergens, i.e., some biomass are going to be there, some will be left behind, and some are going to remain; because if none remains it would be sterile – Right? Therefore, if some biomass remains, it is not TOTAL removal! And if it is not TOTAL removal, then what are you going to do with what remains??? Tis a question that warrants being addressed/discussed realistically, and it is something I have been nagging about. (I apologize for being a nag.) The EPA, AIHA, ACGIH, IICRC, and others advocate mold removal, yet I see nowhere where they advocate TOTAL removal (i.e., sterility) – which is how many folks are interpreting the word “removal.” So what are we doing about the biomass that remains once we acknowledge that some is going to be present and/or left behind?

I have read posts on IEQuality from folks denigrating encapsulants, biocides, heat, etc., as “not being necessary if one cleans sufficiently”, i.e., TOTAL removal. I find this perspective to be unrealistic because some biomass will almost always be left behind; except in special-use facilities, e.g., clean rooms....not residential structures – they are dirty! And for the stuff that is left behind, including abraded wood fibers, fiberglass spicules, bacteria, mold products, and all the other allergenic stuff.....why not encapsulate? Why not use heat to dry-out building materials, kill the mold in-place, and inactivate mold spores that are not easily cleaned or in locations that cannot be easily cleaned/accessed? I don’t advocate leaving gross contamination behind! Is it practical to demolish buildings just to clean/remove small amounts of biologicals that may be of no harm and/or less than background? Is it cost effective? Is it reasonable? AND this is the crux of the biscuit! Which mirrors your questions and comments.

Hello and Jim and Bob,

Sounds like it gets back to controlled exposure for the occupant. How much mold is considered deminimus in the wall? Can we just filter the air cheaper? Maybe we should add deed restrictions for remodeling those areas of the building that have hidden mold? Require semi annual follow up sampling? Documenting real exposure, year round, is very expensive, and then what happens if the next owner / occupant can not tolerate the exposure level left by the seller? The cost of covering / addressing all these items is usually more than properly conducting the mold removal. There are always exceptions. What is the natural outdoor spore loading factor for the region of the world the building is located? If the wall is adding 25 A/P spores / m3 to the average indoor building level, is that significant? What if it adds 75 A/P spores / m3 to a specific room; maybe the new baby's room, and then carpet dust levels start to increase over time and on and on.......

, how much time and money do we spend to document that the remaining unquantified, hidden mold is not an exposure problem to all likely expected building occupants? I think it gets real expensive to do the proper testing and documentation; and then to verify it the next year or when the building sells. The devil is in the details. As always, I'm curious how other address this issue given the lack of good exposure and risk assessment data.

Bradley Harr

Sr. Environmental Scientist

Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:

Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.

However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).

I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

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Jim:

Yes! Air—driven particle movement is often relevant in troubled houses. And those are the ones we get called-out to investigate, i.e., troubled houses. Troubled houses are what most IAQ folks get called-out to investigate. I know of no one that gets called-out to investigate untroubled houses with no problems. Do you?

Fortunately, my practice is broad enuff that I am getting into homes that don’t have IAQ problems, and when allowed, I am looking at things that work and things that don’t as it relates to IAQ issues. My perspective....All is not rotten in U.S. housing; which is contrary to what some IAQ folks tend to think.

Re your last sentences: " some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant? "

I am inclined towards the following comments:

1 they may be relevant for the people involved;

2 I find such air-driven particle movement in a large fraction in the troubled houses that I investigate; they may be irrelevant in many others.

I wish that we had better and more statistically-significant research.

Peace be with you,

Jim

Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:

Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.

However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).

I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

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Jim:

Yes! Air—driven particle movement is often relevant in troubled houses. And those are the ones we get called-out to investigate, i.e., troubled houses. Troubled houses are what most IAQ folks get called-out to investigate. I know of no one that gets called-out to investigate untroubled houses with no problems. Do you?

Fortunately, my practice is broad enuff that I am getting into homes that don’t have IAQ problems, and when allowed, I am looking at things that work and things that don’t as it relates to IAQ issues. My perspective....All is not rotten in U.S. housing; which is contrary to what some IAQ folks tend to think.

Re your last sentences: " some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant? "

I am inclined towards the following comments:

1 they may be relevant for the people involved;

2 I find such air-driven particle movement in a large fraction in the troubled houses that I investigate; they may be irrelevant in many others.

I wish that we had better and more statistically-significant research.

Peace be with you,

Jim

Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:

Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.

However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).

I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

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Jim:

Yes! Air—driven particle movement is often relevant in troubled houses. And those are the ones we get called-out to investigate, i.e., troubled houses. Troubled houses are what most IAQ folks get called-out to investigate. I know of no one that gets called-out to investigate untroubled houses with no problems. Do you?

Fortunately, my practice is broad enuff that I am getting into homes that don’t have IAQ problems, and when allowed, I am looking at things that work and things that don’t as it relates to IAQ issues. My perspective....All is not rotten in U.S. housing; which is contrary to what some IAQ folks tend to think.

Re your last sentences: " some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant? "

I am inclined towards the following comments:

1 they may be relevant for the people involved;

2 I find such air-driven particle movement in a large fraction in the troubled houses that I investigate; they may be irrelevant in many others.

I wish that we had better and more statistically-significant research.

Peace be with you,

Jim

Re: Re: Another new technology

Jim:

Granted. I don’t dispute what you are stating.

However, the issue EnviroBob beings-up is much more profound. He keeps using overly-broad generalities akin to “the whole wall system leaks like a sieve” thus if there is ANY biomass within a wall assembly, it is going to migrate from that assembly and expose the occupants to unhealthful concentrations of harmful stuff. EnviroBob seems to believe that ANY biomass left behind in a wall assembly, post-remediation, is unacceptable, therefore, one must clean and remove ALL biomass, e.g., spores, hyphae, etc. (Have I got it right EnviroBob?).

I find his position preposterous for many reasons. Granted, there are air leakage paths in all structures. (I find that detecting these leakage paths is akin to a treasure hunt – fun stuff!) Most air leakage paths follow predictable routes; but I am still surprised at what I find. Given the total square footage of a building’s wall assemblies, mold in most wall cavities stays put. Moreover, if mold spores move out of a wall assembly/cavity due to pressure differentials, so will all the other small stuff within that wall assembly/cavity, e.g., fiberglass spicules, cellulose fragments, bug parts, plant hairs, etc. (Harmful stuff!) There is no differential movement or migration in particulates of similar aerodynamic diameter. Moreover, if there were significant air movement, per EnviroBob’s overly-broad generalized statements, then there would also be no insulating value in the wall assembly. And I could go on and on and on. But you probably know and understand what I am stating, which is, in most structures: some air leakage/movement is a given, most is predictable, and particulate migration through a wall assembly (with that air leakage) is for the most part insignificant. Albeit, anyone can find isolated examples where the contrary can be demonstrated. But are isolated examples relevant?

Look again at the equations of transport of fine particles through cracks. Normal air leaks can transport them if the route is direct, but not if the route is very complex so that local velocities are quite low, somewhere along the path. Both types of cracks exist in most houses, although most may be of the latter kind. Air leakage is often an important part of energy loss, in BOTH old and new houses.

Jim H. White SSC

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Is this what you are all talking about?

from " FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE "

M Airaksinen, J Kurnitski, P Pasanen, O Seppänen

ABSTRACT

The study carried out laboratory measurements with a full-scale timber

frame structure to determine penetration

of inert particles with size distribution from 0.6 to 4 µm and spores

of Penicillium and Cladosporium through the

structure. Pressure difference over and air leakage through the

structure were varied. Measurements at moderate

pressure differences resulted in the penetration factors within the

range of 0.05 to 0.2 for inert particles, and

indicated also the penetration of fungal spores through the structure.

The measurements showed that the

penetration was highly dependent on pressure difference over the

structure but not on holes in surface boards of

the structure. The results show that surface contacts between the

frames and mineral wool may have a significant

effect on penetration. The penetration was approximately constant

within particle size rage of 0.6-2.5 µm, but

particles with diameter of 4.0 µm did not penetrate through the

structure at all even at a higher-pressure

difference of 20 Pa, except in the case of direct flow-path through

the structure. Results have important

consequences for practical design showing that penetration of fungal

spores through the building envelope is

difficult to prevent by sealing. The only effective way to prevent

penetration seems to be balancing or

pressurizing the building. In cold climates, moisture condensation

risk should be taken into account if pressure is

higher indoors than outdoors. Determined penetration factors were

highly dependent on the pressure difference.

Mechanical exhaust ventilation needs a special consideration as

de-pressurizing the building may cause health

risk if there is hazardous contamination in the building envelope exists.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Measurements at moderate pressure differences allowed determining

penetration factors within the range of 0.05

to 0.2 for inert particles in a size range of 0.6-2.5 µm and

indicative results with fungal spores confirmed the

penetration through the wooden floor structure. Both measurements

showed that the penetration was highly

dependent on pressure difference and not dependent on holes in surface

boards of the structure. The results are

likely to show that surface contacts of mineral wool with other

building elements may have an important role on

the penetration.

from " Conclusion "

" This study carried out particle transport measurements for full-scale

timber frame structure similar to a wooden floor. Measurements at

moderate pressure differences allowed determining penetration factors

within the range of 0.05 to 0.2 for inert particles and indicative

results with fungal spores confirmed the penetration through the

structure. Both measurements showed that the penetration was highly

dependent on pressure difference and not

dependent on holes in surface boards of the structure. The results are

likely to show that surface contacts of

mineral wool with other building elements may have an important role

on the penetration.

The penetration was roughly the same within particle size range of

0.6-2.5 µm, but particles ≥ 4.0 µm did not

penetrate at all even at higher-pressure difference of 20 Pa. Direct

flow-path through 15 mm pipe caused the

penetration of 4.0 µm particles and increased penetration factor of

smaller particles up to 1.0.

Results have important consequences for practical design showing that

penetration of fungal spores is difficult to control by sealing the

building envelope. Because the holes in the surface boards didn't

effect on the measured penetration factors, the only effective way to

avoid penetration seems to be balancing or even pressurizing the

building. However, in cold climates moisture condensation risk should

be taken into account.

Determined penetration factors were highly dependent on pressure

difference. This indicate mechanical exhaust ventilation causing under

pressure in the building may cause health risk if there exists some

contamination in the building

envelope. "

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Quack:

Thanks for posting this abstract. Yes....I believe that this is the article that was being referenced by EnviroBob. (And I have seen this study before, about 6 months ago, now that I have read it again.)

What I find very interesting are the contradictions in the study, and the unfounded conclusion:

“... particles with diameter of 4.0 µm did not penetrate through the structure at all even at a higher-pressure difference of 20 Pa.” “Determined penetration factors were highly dependent on pressure difference.” “Results have important consequences for practical design showing that penetration of fungal spores is difficult to control by sealing the building envelope.”

I don’t disagree that pressure differentials are a determining factor.....assuming a pathway is present. All buildings have pathways to air leakage, some small, some large, however, not all pathways have a higher pressure outdoors and a lower pressure indoors; sometimes the reverse is true and sometimes there is a negligible pressure differential across the pathway. Flow is not always outdoors to indoors! Moreover, it should be noted that the VAST MAJORITY of fungal spores are larger then 4-microns. With the most notable exception being Aspergillus sp; which is maybe why Aspergillus can colonize in the lungs???? Therefore, if the vast majority of fungal spores are larger than 4 microns, and study data shows particles greater than 4-microns DID NOT penetrated through the structure at pressures exceeding 20-Pa, how the hell can they conclude that these results show penetration of fungal spores is difficult to control? Am I missing something? I think not!

If one reads the entire study and looks at the building assemblies that were constructed in the lab, there were holes and openings in the assemblies that were made to “represent” large flow pathways. Guess what, if you create a big hole, big things will flow through it. Duh! When these big holes were sealed, the data shows leakage of particle sizes in the range of 0.6 to 2.5-microns.....as long as there was a pressure gradient. I can accept this. What I cannot accept is the conclusion “fungal spores penetrated throughout the structure”.......not without allowing them to move through the BIG holes!

Maybe that is why I did not commit this study to memory.....I felt it was bogus; with respect to mold spore transport. Lets also not forget that this is a lab experiment and it needs field verifications studies to have any real merit in the real world.

For what it is worth......

Is this what you are all talking about?

from " FUNGAL SPORE TRANSPORT THROUGH A BUILDING STRUCTURE "

M Airaksinen, J Kurnitski, P Pasanen, O Seppänen

ABSTRACT

The study carried out laboratory measurements with a full-scale timber

frame structure to determine penetration

of inert particles with size distribution from 0.6 to 4 µm and spores

of Penicillium and Cladosporium through the

structure. Pressure difference over and air leakage through the

structure were varied. Measurements at moderate

pressure differences resulted in the penetration factors within the

range of 0.05 to 0.2 for inert particles, and

indicated also the penetration of fungal spores through the structure.

The measurements showed that the

penetration was highly dependent on pressure difference over the

structure but not on holes in surface boards of

the structure. The results show that surface contacts between the

frames and mineral wool may have a significant

effect on penetration. The penetration was approximately constant

within particle size rage of 0.6-2.5 µm, but

particles with diameter of 4.0 µm did not penetrate through the

structure at all even at a higher-pressure

difference of 20 Pa, except in the case of direct flow-path through

the structure. Results have important

consequences for practical design showing that penetration of fungal

spores through the building envelope is

difficult to prevent by sealing. The only effective way to prevent

penetration seems to be balancing or

pressurizing the building. In cold climates, moisture condensation

risk should be taken into account if pressure is

higher indoors than outdoors. Determined penetration factors were

highly dependent on the pressure difference.

Mechanical exhaust ventilation needs a special consideration as

de-pressurizing the building may cause health

risk if there is hazardous contamination in the building envelope exists.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

Measurements at moderate pressure differences allowed determining

penetration factors within the range of 0.05

to 0.2 for inert particles in a size range of 0.6-2.5 µm and

indicative results with fungal spores confirmed the

penetration through the wooden floor structure. Both measurements

showed that the penetration was highly

dependent on pressure difference and not dependent on holes in surface

boards of the structure. The results are

likely to show that surface contacts of mineral wool with other

building elements may have an important role on

the penetration.

from " Conclusion "

" This study carried out particle transport measurements for full-scale

timber frame structure similar to a wooden floor. Measurements at

moderate pressure differences allowed determining penetration factors

within the range of 0.05 to 0.2 for inert particles and indicative

results with fungal spores confirmed the penetration through the

structure. Both measurements showed that the penetration was highly

dependent on pressure difference and not

dependent on holes in surface boards of the structure. The results are

likely to show that surface contacts of

mineral wool with other building elements may have an important role

on the penetration.

The penetration was roughly the same within particle size range of

0.6-2.5 µm, but particles ≥ 4.0 µm did not

penetrate at all even at higher-pressure difference of 20 Pa. Direct

flow-path through 15 mm pipe caused the

penetration of 4.0 µm particles and increased penetration factor of

smaller particles up to 1.0.

Results have important consequences for practical design showing that

penetration of fungal spores is difficult to control by sealing the

building envelope. Because the holes in the surface boards didn't

effect on the measured penetration factors, the only effective way to

avoid penetration seems to be balancing or even pressurizing the

building. However, in cold climates moisture condensation risk should

be taken into account.

Determined penetration factors were highly dependent on pressure

difference. This indicate mechanical exhaust ventilation causing under

pressure in the building may cause health risk if there exists some

contamination in the building

envelope. "

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