Re: Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

[Guest guest]

As one of the speakers at the very first Rife conference pointed out,

the phenomena of the " skin effect " on a metal conductor is not the same

thing as high frequencies applied to the body, which is an organic

semiconductor.

Regards,

martin7730 wrote:

> After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser box,

> driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have found

> that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

> above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop off

> significantly by at least one half or more.

> It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as lower

> frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

> conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

> penetrating inward.

>

> I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at 30

> khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the current

> draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little salt

> added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I hold

> the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

> I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

> frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

> etc.

>

> Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which I

> deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

> believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

>

[Guest guest]

,

Thank you for your reply, now I believe all of what I read here

makes sense to me. One thing that I have noticed is that when

applying the electrodes at some areas of my body I can hear the

subharmonics of the 30 khz square wave signal. I don't know if it is

resonating in my ears or somewhere else on my body but it does sound

more like a sine wave then a square wave. Maybe the harmonics

resonate into a sine wave.

> > After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser

box,

> > driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have

found

> > that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

> > above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop

off

> > significantly by at least one half or more.

> > It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as

lower

> > frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

> > conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

> > penetrating inward.

> >

> > I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at

30

> > khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the

current

> > draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little

salt

> > added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I

hold

> > the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

> > I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

> > frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

> > etc.

> >

> > Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which

I

> > deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

> > believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

> >

>

[Guest guest]

Hi ,

Something to take into consideration when making voltage or

current measurements

is the effect of frequency on the meter. A device designed to work at power line

frequency 50 or 60 cycles

is not going to be linear when going too far from design frequency.

To get around this in your interesting experiments, you could place a 1K ohm

resistor in series with your signal generator on one of the wires feeding the

electrode.

If you have a scope you can read the voltage direct across the resistor, 1 MA is

1 volt, 2 ma is 2 volts, etc.

If you want to read this into a digital meter as a DC voltage without a scope,

Then, with short wires connected to each end of that 1 K ohm resistor, you feed

a op-amp chip running at near unity gain and from the output of this amplifier,

you rectify the signal with germanium diodes such as the 1N34A. These begin

conduction at about .35 volts rather than .7 volts for silicon diodes.

This rectified output may then go to a small filter cap to average and smooth

any A.C component off the signal.

You may then read the voltage on a DC digital meter without concern of frequency

effect and be good to at least 100 kHz.

What you are doing is reading the voltage drop across the 1 K carbon or film

resistor (avoid wire wound types because of inductance at high frequencies). If

you have 1 MA of series current, you will have 1 volt developed

across the resistor.

The amplifier isolates the loading of this voltage drop and provides an output

signal which will support much more current loading, all without effecting the

original signal.

You can calibrate the device by using a pot to set the op-amp gain to overcome

the small rectifier voltage drop and the slight gain of AC being rectified and

into a capacitor input filter.

Place a digital meter rated at line frequency set to read MA and AC mode and in

series with the circuit.

This circuit includes the 1 K sample resistor. Adjust the signal frequency to

line frequency and voltage until you get just 1 MA on your reference meter.

Now adjust the Op-amp gain to where you get 1 volt at the filter /averaging cap.

Place a loading resistor at the output of the cap and ground so it has a known

discharge rate. Your new volt meter readings are taken at this point also.

If you are playing with different wave forms, you can even have a selector

switch that sets different gains at the op-amp by selecting different pots which

have each been calibrated for that waveform.

While a scope lets you do all this, you may want the meter instead.

Now when you do your experiments of frequency penetration, you can say the

equipment is broadband and the instruments are not effected by frequency in the

range you worked with before.

For the Doug user, use 1 Ohm resistor at enough wattage. 1 amp through it is 1

volt across it, 2 amps is 2 volts, etc. Digital and analog meters at audio are

different than line frequency, convert it to DC and no problems.

Mike

Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser box,

driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have found

that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop off

significantly by at least one half or more.

It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as lower

frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

penetrating inward.

I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at 30

khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the current

draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little salt

added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I hold

the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

etc.

Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which I

deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

[Guest guest]

Hi Mike,

I use a scope to take my measurements. Your right about doing

measurements the right way. Even the best of us can sometimes take

misleading results if were not careful.

>

> Hi ,

> Something to take into consideration when making

voltage or current measurements

> is the effect of frequency on the meter. A device designed to work

at power line frequency 50 or 60 cycles

> is not going to be linear when going too far from design frequency.

> To get around this in your interesting experiments, you could

place a 1K ohm resistor in series with your signal generator on one

of the wires feeding the electrode.

> If you have a scope you can read the voltage direct across the

resistor, 1 MA is 1 volt, 2 ma is 2 volts, etc.

> If you want to read this into a digital meter as a DC voltage

without a scope, Then, with short wires connected to each end of

that 1 K ohm resistor, you feed a op-amp chip running at near unity

gain and from the output of this amplifier, you rectify the signal

with germanium diodes such as the 1N34A. These begin conduction at

about .35 volts rather than .7 volts for silicon diodes.

> This rectified output may then go to a small filter cap to average

and smooth any A.C component off the signal.

> You may then read the voltage on a DC digital meter without

concern of frequency effect and be good to at least 100 kHz.

> What you are doing is reading the voltage drop across the 1 K

carbon or film resistor (avoid wire wound types because of

inductance at high frequencies). If you have 1 MA of series current,

you will have 1 volt developed

> across the resistor.

> The amplifier isolates the loading of this voltage drop and

provides an output signal which will support much more current

loading, all without effecting the original signal.

> You can calibrate the device by using a pot to set the op-amp gain

to overcome the small rectifier voltage drop and the slight gain of

AC being rectified and into a capacitor input filter.

> Place a digital meter rated at line frequency set to read MA and

AC mode and in series with the circuit.

> This circuit includes the 1 K sample resistor. Adjust the signal

frequency to line frequency and voltage until you get just 1 MA on

your reference meter.

> Now adjust the Op-amp gain to where you get 1 volt at the

filter /averaging cap. Place a loading resistor at the output of the

cap and ground so it has a known discharge rate. Your new volt meter

readings are taken at this point also.

> If you are playing with different wave forms, you can even have a

selector switch that sets different gains at the op-amp by selecting

different pots which have each been calibrated for that waveform.

> While a scope lets you do all this, you may want the meter instead.

> Now when you do your experiments of frequency penetration, you can

say the equipment is broadband and the instruments are not effected

by frequency in the range you worked with before.

> For the Doug user, use 1 Ohm resistor at enough wattage. 1 amp

through it is 1 volt across it, 2 amps is 2 volts, etc. Digital and

analog meters at audio are different than line frequency, convert it

to DC and no problems.

> Mike

>

> Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

>

>

> After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser

box,

> driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have

found

> that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

> above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop

off

> significantly by at least one half or more.

> It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as

lower

> frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

> conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

> penetrating inward.

>

> I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at

30

> khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the

current

> draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little

salt

> added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I

hold

> the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

> I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

> frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

> etc.

>

> Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which

I

> deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

> believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

>

>

>

>

[Guest guest]

Hi ,

Skin effect is applicable to current flowing thru' solid conductors, & may

not be for human body.

For humans, what is applicable is " Penetration " & this is higher at high

frequencies.

Healthy Regards,

Gesi

Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

> After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser box,

> driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have found

> that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

> above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop off

> significantly by at least one half or more.

> It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as lower

> frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

> conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

> penetrating inward.

>

> I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at 30

> khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the current

> draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little salt

> added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I hold

> the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

> I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

> frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

> etc.

>

> Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which I

> deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

> believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

[Guest guest]

Hi ,

Yep Harmonics ( & subharmonics) resonate into sinewave.

Healthy Regards,

Gesi

=========================

Re: Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

> ,

>

> Thank you for your reply, now I believe all of what I read here

> makes sense to me. One thing that I have noticed is that when

> applying the electrodes at some areas of my body I can hear the

> subharmonics of the 30 khz square wave signal. I don't know if it is

> resonating in my ears or somewhere else on my body but it does sound

> more like a sine wave then a square wave. Maybe the harmonics

> resonate into a sine wave.

>

>

>

>

>> > After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser

> box,

>> > driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have

> found

>> > that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

>> > above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop

> off

>> > significantly by at least one half or more.

>> > It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as

> lower

>> > frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

>> > conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

>> > penetrating inward.

>> >

>> > I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at

> 30

>> > khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the

> current

>> > draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little

> salt

>> > added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I

> hold

>> > the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

>> > I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

>> > frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

>> > etc.

>> >

>> > Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which

> I

>> > deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

>> > believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

>> >

>>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

>

[Guest guest]

Hi Mike,

You sound like a guy who really knows what he's talking about. I've

been having 'apparent' success at Rifeing, using a modified

Thunderball plasma lamp, but have found it very dificult, through lack

of suitable instrumentation, to prove my results - other than the

Herxing effect that I have generated when testing the lamp on myself

(not a very pleasant experience !).

The 'plasma setup', is obviously transmitting the frequencies (using

Ken's FREX proram) through the air as a radio type wave. Do I

therefore need a tuneable radio receiver to check that the correct

frequency is being transmitted, with a db meter to check the strength

of the signal ? Can I custom build such an instrument ? With so many

different ways of attempting to generate, and make effective, the Rife

frequencies, some way of measuring it would be very desirable.

Many thanx,

Colin.

>

> Hi ,

> Something to take into consideration when making

voltage or current measurements

> is the effect of frequency on the meter. A device designed to work

at power line frequency 50 or 60 cycles

> is not going to be linear when going too far from design frequency.

> To get around this in your interesting experiments, you could place

a 1K ohm resistor in series with your signal generator on one of the

wires feeding the electrode.

> If you have a scope you can read the voltage direct across the

resistor, 1 MA is 1 volt, 2 ma is 2 volts, etc.

> If you want to read this into a digital meter as a DC voltage

without a scope, Then, with short wires connected to each end of that

1 K ohm resistor, you feed a op-amp chip running at near unity gain

and from the output of this amplifier, you rectify the signal with

germanium diodes such as the 1N34A. These begin conduction at about

..35 volts rather than .7 volts for silicon diodes.

> This rectified output may then go to a small filter cap to average

and smooth any A.C component off the signal.

> You may then read the voltage on a DC digital meter without concern

of frequency effect and be good to at least 100 kHz.

> What you are doing is reading the voltage drop across the 1 K carbon

or film resistor (avoid wire wound types because of inductance at high

frequencies). If you have 1 MA of series current, you will have 1 volt

developed

> across the resistor.

> The amplifier isolates the loading of this voltage drop and provides

an output signal which will support much more current loading, all

without effecting the original signal.

> You can calibrate the device by using a pot to set the op-amp gain

to overcome the small rectifier voltage drop and the slight gain of AC

being rectified and into a capacitor input filter.

> Place a digital meter rated at line frequency set to read MA and AC

mode and in series with the circuit.

> This circuit includes the 1 K sample resistor. Adjust the signal

frequency to line frequency and voltage until you get just 1 MA on

your reference meter.

> Now adjust the Op-amp gain to where you get 1 volt at the filter

/averaging cap. Place a loading resistor at the output of the cap and

ground so it has a known discharge rate. Your new volt meter readings

are taken at this point also.

> If you are playing with different wave forms, you can even have a

selector switch that sets different gains at the op-amp by selecting

different pots which have each been calibrated for that waveform.

> While a scope lets you do all this, you may want the meter instead.

> Now when you do your experiments of frequency penetration, you can

say the equipment is broadband and the instruments are not effected by

frequency in the range you worked with before.

> For the Doug user, use 1 Ohm resistor at enough wattage. 1 amp

through it is 1 volt across it, 2 amps is 2 volts, etc. Digital and

analog meters at audio are different than line frequency, convert it

to DC and no problems.

> Mike

>

> Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

>

>

> After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser box,

> driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have found

> that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

> above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop off

> significantly by at least one half or more.

> It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as lower

> frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

> conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

> penetrating inward.

>

> I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at 30

> khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the current

> draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little salt

> added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I hold

> the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

> I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

> frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

> etc.

>

> Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which I

> deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

> believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

>

>

>

>

[Guest guest]

HI Colin,

I hope you have access to a scope. You can monitor the optical

output and the modulation on it, by a photo-transistor. Basic setup is power

supply, series resistor to limit current through the photo-transistor, also

making voltage drop at conduction that tracks the switching frequency. Like a

pull up resistor.

Most low cost photo transistors will switch into the 50 kHz region.

While the other option, faster, fiber optic receivers really get up there in

frequency (75 MHz and more) they need a lot of light.

But at least this is a way to see the wave form modulating the light.

Mike

Re: Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

Hi Mike,

You sound like a guy who really knows what he's talking about. I've

been having 'apparent' success at Rifeing, using a modified

Thunderball plasma lamp, but have found it very dificult, through lack

of suitable instrumentation, to prove my results - other than the

Herxing effect that I have generated when testing the lamp on myself

(not a very pleasant experience !).

The 'plasma setup', is obviously transmitting the frequencies (using

Ken's FREX proram) through the air as a radio type wave. Do I

therefore need a tuneable radio receiver to check that the correct

frequency is being transmitted, with a db meter to check the strength

of the signal ? Can I custom build such an instrument ? With so many

different ways of attempting to generate, and make effective, the Rife

frequencies, some way of measuring it would be very desirable.

Many thanx,

Colin.

>

> Hi ,

> Something to take into consideration when making

voltage or current measurements

> is the effect of frequency on the meter. A device designed to work

at power line frequency 50 or 60 cycles

> is not going to be linear when going too far from design frequency.

> To get around this in your interesting experiments, you could place

a 1K ohm resistor in series with your signal generator on one of the

wires feeding the electrode.

> If you have a scope you can read the voltage direct across the

resistor, 1 MA is 1 volt, 2 ma is 2 volts, etc.

> If you want to read this into a digital meter as a DC voltage

without a scope, Then, with short wires connected to each end of that

1 K ohm resistor, you feed a op-amp chip running at near unity gain

and from the output of this amplifier, you rectify the signal with

germanium diodes such as the 1N34A. These begin conduction at about

.35 volts rather than .7 volts for silicon diodes.

> This rectified output may then go to a small filter cap to average

and smooth any A.C component off the signal.

> You may then read the voltage on a DC digital meter without concern

of frequency effect and be good to at least 100 kHz.

> What you are doing is reading the voltage drop across the 1 K carbon

or film resistor (avoid wire wound types because of inductance at high

frequencies). If you have 1 MA of series current, you will have 1 volt

developed

> across the resistor.

> The amplifier isolates the loading of this voltage drop and provides

an output signal which will support much more current loading, all

without effecting the original signal.

> You can calibrate the device by using a pot to set the op-amp gain

to overcome the small rectifier voltage drop and the slight gain of AC

being rectified and into a capacitor input filter.

> Place a digital meter rated at line frequency set to read MA and AC

mode and in series with the circuit.

> This circuit includes the 1 K sample resistor. Adjust the signal

frequency to line frequency and voltage until you get just 1 MA on

your reference meter.

> Now adjust the Op-amp gain to where you get 1 volt at the filter

/averaging cap. Place a loading resistor at the output of the cap and

ground so it has a known discharge rate. Your new volt meter readings

are taken at this point also.

> If you are playing with different wave forms, you can even have a

selector switch that sets different gains at the op-amp by selecting

different pots which have each been calibrated for that waveform.

> While a scope lets you do all this, you may want the meter instead.

> Now when you do your experiments of frequency penetration, you can

say the equipment is broadband and the instruments are not effected by

frequency in the range you worked with before.

> For the Doug user, use 1 Ohm resistor at enough wattage. 1 amp

through it is 1 volt across it, 2 amps is 2 volts, etc. Digital and

analog meters at audio are different than line frequency, convert it

to DC and no problems.

> Mike

>

[Guest guest]

Hi Colin,

You need the following to properly measure the output of your

plasma tube:

1. Trifield (brand name - $140) meter for measuring the

electromagnetic energy and electric field

2. A good frequency counter (~$100 on up) for checking the

frequencies At the tube (leads simply hanging down from the

meter, and at least a few inches from the tube).

Some brands of frequency counters won't work with the leads just

near the tube (you certainly can't wire the meter to the high

voltage).

People that are serious about testing the results of their plasma

tube unit need to have these instruments. Just guessing doesn't

work very well.

Even if you have a very expensive pad device you really don't

know if it's accurate without double checking with a freq.

counter. You can't assume the unit's display will always be

perfect.

Everything breaks (eventually). Sometimes during the first week

(that's why there are warrantees). There is no such thing as

every single unit produced going for years without a problem

(including changes in calibration).

It always amazes me when one of our customers can't understand

how their TV could possibly break in just a few weeks or months.

Ever had a new light bulb blow out? That's just one part.

TV's contain about 400 parts! It's amazing that complex

electronic devices don't break down every few months.

Bil

PC 1000

M-Pulse 5000 magnetic pulse generator

http://magpulser.com

Mammoth Lakes, CA

mailto:magpulser@...

b> Hi Mike,

b> You sound like a guy who really knows what he's talking about. I've

b> been having 'apparent' success at Rifeing, using a modified

b> Thunderball plasma lamp, but have found it very dificult, through lack

b> of suitable instrumentation, to prove my results - other than the

b> Herxing effect that I have generated when testing the lamp on myself

b> (not a very pleasant experience !).

b> The 'plasma setup', is obviously transmitting the frequencies (using

b> Ken's FREX proram) through the air as a radio type wave. Do I

b> therefore need a tuneable radio receiver to check that the correct

b> frequency is being transmitted, with a db meter to check the strength

b> of the signal ? Can I custom build such an instrument ? With so many

b> different ways of attempting to generate, and make effective, the Rife

b> frequencies, some way of measuring it would be very desirable.

b> Many thanx,

b> Colin.

b>

>>

>> Hi ,

>> Something to take into consideration when making

b> voltage or current measurements

>> is the effect of frequency on the meter. A device designed to work

b> at power line frequency 50 or 60 cycles

>> is not going to be linear when going too far from design frequency.

>> To get around this in your interesting experiments, you could place

b> a 1K ohm resistor in series with your signal generator on one of the

b> wires feeding the electrode.

>> If you have a scope you can read the voltage direct across the

b> resistor, 1 MA is 1 volt, 2 ma is 2 volts, etc.

>> If you want to read this into a digital meter as a DC voltage

b> without a scope, Then, with short wires connected to each end of that

b> 1 K ohm resistor, you feed a op-amp chip running at near unity gain

b> and from the output of this amplifier, you rectify the signal with

b> germanium diodes such as the 1N34A. These begin conduction at about

b> .35 volts rather than .7 volts for silicon diodes.

>> This rectified output may then go to a small filter cap to average

b> and smooth any A.C component off the signal.

>> You may then read the voltage on a DC digital meter without concern

b> of frequency effect and be good to at least 100 kHz.

>> What you are doing is reading the voltage drop across the 1 K carbon

b> or film resistor (avoid wire wound types because of inductance at high

b> frequencies). If you have 1 MA of series current, you will have 1 volt

b> developed

>> across the resistor.

>> The amplifier isolates the loading of this voltage drop and provides

b> an output signal which will support much more current loading, all

b> without effecting the original signal.

>> You can calibrate the device by using a pot to set the op-amp gain

b> to overcome the small rectifier voltage drop and the slight gain of AC

b> being rectified and into a capacitor input filter.

>> Place a digital meter rated at line frequency set to read MA and AC

b> mode and in series with the circuit.

>> This circuit includes the 1 K sample resistor. Adjust the signal

b> frequency to line frequency and voltage until you get just 1 MA on

b> your reference meter.

>> Now adjust the Op-amp gain to where you get 1 volt at the filter

b> /averaging cap. Place a loading resistor at the output of the cap and

b> ground so it has a known discharge rate. Your new volt meter readings

b> are taken at this point also.

>> If you are playing with different wave forms, you can even have a

b> selector switch that sets different gains at the op-amp by selecting

b> different pots which have each been calibrated for that waveform.

>> While a scope lets you do all this, you may want the meter instead.

>> Now when you do your experiments of frequency penetration, you can

b> say the equipment is broadband and the instruments are not effected by

b> frequency in the range you worked with before.

>> For the Doug user, use 1 Ohm resistor at enough wattage. 1 amp

b> through it is 1 volt across it, 2 amps is 2 volts, etc. Digital and

b> analog meters at audio are different than line frequency, convert it

b> to DC and no problems.

>> Mike

>>

>> Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

>>

>>

>> After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser box,

>> driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have found

>> that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

>> above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop off

>> significantly by at least one half or more.

>> It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as lower

>> frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

>> conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

>> penetrating inward.

>>

>> I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at 30

>> khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the current

>> draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little salt

>> added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I hold

>> the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

>> I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

>> frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

>> etc.

>>

>> Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which I

>> deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

>> believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

>>

>>

>>

>>

[Guest guest]

Hi Bil,

I have a friend who is electronic smart, he tell me that TV repairmen are

almost Gods when it comes to their knowledge of electronics, so he confirms my

feeling that most of the time you give very logical sound advice. Here is the

question -- my friend keeps telling me I need a scope with atleast 100mhz

ability to really see what is comming out of these things weather it be a pad

device or a plasma device. He tells me it will show me the envelope and what is

in it. Can you explain in dummy talk if he is correct number one and number two

how a Trifield meter complements this?

Thanks

Brent Zendner

Bil Green wrote:

Hi Colin,

You need the following to properly measure the output of your

plasma tube:

1. Trifield (brand name - $140) meter for measuring the

electromagnetic energy and electric field

2. A good frequency counter (~$100 on up) for checking the

frequencies At the tube (leads simply hanging down from the

meter, and at least a few inches from the tube).

Some brands of frequency counters won't work with the leads just

near the tube (you certainly can't wire the meter to the high

voltage).

People that are serious about testing the results of their plasma

tube unit need to have these instruments. Just guessing doesn't

work very well.

Even if you have a very expensive pad device you really don't

know if it's accurate without double checking with a freq.

counter. You can't assume the unit's display will always be

perfect.

Everything breaks (eventually). Sometimes during the first week

(that's why there are warrantees). There is no such thing as

every single unit produced going for years without a problem

(including changes in calibration).

It always amazes me when one of our customers can't understand

how their TV could possibly break in just a few weeks or months.

Ever had a new light bulb blow out? That's just one part.

TV's contain about 400 parts! It's amazing that complex

electronic devices don't break down every few months.

Bil

PC 1000

M-Pulse 5000 magnetic pulse generator

http://magpulser.com

Mammoth Lakes, CA

mailto:magpulser@...

b> Hi Mike,

b> You sound like a guy who really knows what he's talking about. I've

b> been having 'apparent' success at Rifeing, using a modified

b> Thunderball plasma lamp, but have found it very dificult, through lack

b> of suitable instrumentation, to prove my results - other than the

b> Herxing effect that I have generated when testing the lamp on myself

b> (not a very pleasant experience !).

b> The 'plasma setup', is obviously transmitting the frequencies (using

b> Ken's FREX proram) through the air as a radio type wave. Do I

b> therefore need a tuneable radio receiver to check that the correct

b> frequency is being transmitted, with a db meter to check the strength

b> of the signal ? Can I custom build such an instrument ? With so many

b> different ways of attempting to generate, and make effective, the Rife

b> frequencies, some way of measuring it would be very desirable.

b> Many thanx,

b> Colin.

b>

>>

>> Hi ,

>> Something to take into consideration when making

b> voltage or current measurements

>> is the effect of frequency on the meter. A device designed to work

b> at power line frequency 50 or 60 cycles

>> is not going to be linear when going too far from design frequency.

>> To get around this in your interesting experiments, you could place

b> a 1K ohm resistor in series with your signal generator on one of the

b> wires feeding the electrode.

>> If you have a scope you can read the voltage direct across the

b> resistor, 1 MA is 1 volt, 2 ma is 2 volts, etc.

>> If you want to read this into a digital meter as a DC voltage

b> without a scope, Then, with short wires connected to each end of that

b> 1 K ohm resistor, you feed a op-amp chip running at near unity gain

b> and from the output of this amplifier, you rectify the signal with

b> germanium diodes such as the 1N34A. These begin conduction at about

b> .35 volts rather than .7 volts for silicon diodes.

>> This rectified output may then go to a small filter cap to average

b> and smooth any A.C component off the signal.

>> You may then read the voltage on a DC digital meter without concern

b> of frequency effect and be good to at least 100 kHz.

>> What you are doing is reading the voltage drop across the 1 K carbon

b> or film resistor (avoid wire wound types because of inductance at high

b> frequencies). If you have 1 MA of series current, you will have 1 volt

b> developed

>> across the resistor.

>> The amplifier isolates the loading of this voltage drop and provides

b> an output signal which will support much more current loading, all

b> without effecting the original signal.

>> You can calibrate the device by using a pot to set the op-amp gain

b> to overcome the small rectifier voltage drop and the slight gain of AC

b> being rectified and into a capacitor input filter.

>> Place a digital meter rated at line frequency set to read MA and AC

b> mode and in series with the circuit.

>> This circuit includes the 1 K sample resistor. Adjust the signal

b> frequency to line frequency and voltage until you get just 1 MA on

b> your reference meter.

>> Now adjust the Op-amp gain to where you get 1 volt at the filter

b> /averaging cap. Place a loading resistor at the output of the cap and

b> ground so it has a known discharge rate. Your new volt meter readings

b> are taken at this point also.

>> If you are playing with different wave forms, you can even have a

b> selector switch that sets different gains at the op-amp by selecting

b> different pots which have each been calibrated for that waveform.

>> While a scope lets you do all this, you may want the meter instead.

>> Now when you do your experiments of frequency penetration, you can

b> say the equipment is broadband and the instruments are not effected by

b> frequency in the range you worked with before.

>> For the Doug user, use 1 Ohm resistor at enough wattage. 1 amp

b> through it is 1 volt across it, 2 amps is 2 volts, etc. Digital and

b> analog meters at audio are different than line frequency, convert it

b> to DC and no problems.

>> Mike

>>

>> Low Freq versus High Freq (Skin Effect)

>>

>>

>> After doing some experimentation using a contact type pulser box,

>> driving it with square waves form my signal generator. I have found

>> that my body is more conductive to frequencies from 25 khz and

>> above. Below 25 khz down to 0 hz, I see the conductivity drop off

>> significantly by at least one half or more.

>> It has been said that higher frequencies are not as useful as lower

>> frequencies such as below 2khz because of skin effect where the

>> conductivity rides on the outer surface of the body rather then

>> penetrating inward.

>>

>> I am not too sure if I beleive that, because when I run mine at 30

>> khz with the conductive tubes in both hands I monitor the current

>> draw to be about 1 ma. But if I use water mixed with a little salt

>> added and put it on my forearms and touch them together while I hold

>> the conductive tubes there is little change in current draw.

>> I beleive that my internal body is more resonant with the higher

>> frequencies allowing for a more conductive path through my veins

>> etc.

>>

>> Skin effect does exist particularily at higher frequencies which I

>> deal with everyday with RF Microwave, but it is hard for me to

>> believe it is a factor at 30 khz.

>>