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Levee: 5The Brain Gut axis is critical to organizational health. The major route into and out of the human body is via the gut. The brain senses this axis before food even touches the palate via the five senses. When food touches any part of the tongue, signals are immediately made on leptin receptors on the tongue to begin digestion and assess the dietary values of what we are eating to see how it will affect our energy balance. Almost the entire gut is innervated by one nerve that provides this feedback. That nerve is not a somatic (peripheral or body) nerve; that nerve is a cranial nerve called the vagus nerve. It is extremely specialized and carries many special fibers to and fro the brain and its targets. It originates in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brainstem and the nerve covers every cell down to the transverse mesocolon of the large intestine to give the brain constant feedback on the energy coming into the animal. The incretin system is monitored directly by this nerve. If this axis is disturbed in the time it takes for food to pass through, or in the integrity of its lining, it can have drastic effects upon energy utilization and in some cases it can open the blood-brain barrier to direct assault and cause brain damage quite quickly to kill the animal. The immune system plays a monster role in regulation of this levee and the autonomic nervous system has over a billion cells in the wall of the gut to monitor progress of how this axis continues to function as the human ages. If this axis fails in some fashion, disease usually follows quickly thereafter. Major diseases like MS, ALS and autism are affected by this axis, as are the neurodegenerative disorders. Depression and Alzheimer’s also are greatly affected by a defect in this axis. IBS and Crohn’s disease are common diseases that cause massive leaky gut scenarios. A disease I treat as a neurosurgeon also plays a role in this levee. That is cerebral aneursymal rupture and the development of vasospasm. To date no theory in neurosurgery has been able to find the cause of this deadly phenomena. My theories point to the leaky gut as the conduit to it rise.From the website: http://jackkruse.com/the-quilthow-to-beat-agin/#Leptin