Use of Cod Liver Oil Inversely Associated with Symptoms of Depression

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Use of Cod Liver Oil Inversely Associated with Symptoms of Depression

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Reference: " Associations between cod liver oil use and symptoms of

depression: The Hordaland Health Study, " Raeder MB, Steen VM, et al, J

Affect Disord. 2006 Dec 18; [Epub ahead of print]. (Address: Dr. Einar

Martens' Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical

Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse

Bergen HF, N-5021 Bergen, Norway).

Summary: In a population-based, cross-sectional study involving 21,835

subjects aged 40-49 and 70-74 years, regular intake of cod liver oil,

rich in omega-3 fatty acids, was associated with a reduced risk of high

levels of symptoms of depression. Symptoms of depression and anxiety

were measured by The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. 3.6% of the

participants were found to have high levels of depressive symptoms.

Among participants who used cod liver oil daily (8.9%), only 2.5% showed

high levels of depressive symptoms, as opposed to 3.8% of participants

who did not use cod liver oil. After adjusting for potential

confounders, including age, gender, smoking habits, coffee consumption,

alcohol consumption, physical activity, and education, subjects who used

cod liver oil showed a 29% reduced risk of having depressive symptoms,

compared to non-users. Additionally, in a subgroup of the participants

(aged 40-49 years), increasing duration of cod liver oil use (0-12

months) was a ssociated with decreasing prevalence of high levels of

depressive symptoms. Thus, the authors of this study conclude, " The

findings indicate that regular use of cod liver oil is negatively

associated with high levels of depressive symptoms in the general

population. "

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