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Coaches,

Just got back from Children's Hospital in Pa. Daughter has been having dizzy

spells. Cardiologist did a complete work up on my daughter. He told that she

was very fit for her age. He was astounded by her conditioning. however, he

was concerned with her sodium levels and her hydration level. He recommended

her to drink two bottles of sports drinks a day. What would you recommend? She

doesn't drink juices or soda. She only drinks water. Any input would be

appreciated.

Thanks

Warren

Warren Buirch

109 Road

sville, NJ 08012

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>

>

> Coaches,

>

> Just got back from Children's Hospital in Pa. Daughter has been having dizzy

> spells. [...]

You don't mention how old your daughter is, so this is only

speculative and may not apply. If I had an adolescent girl

(particularly one concerned with athletics) experiencing these

symptoms I would look further into her eating habits, and see whether

there were signs of disordered nutrition. Young female athletes are

extremely susceptible to eating disorders and there may be underlying

behaviours of which you are unaware. Only a suggestion -- may not be

pertinent.

Best wishes,

Krista -Dixon

Toronto ON

kristascottdixon@...

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Hi Warren,

If you're daughter is particular with her sports drinks, Gatorade has a

lightly flavored water -- Propel. That might have the electorlytes that she

needs, and taste decent. I think they also came out with a special " water " --

it is not flavored -- but still has all the electrolytes -- Unfortunately, I

don't know what it's called. I'm sure you can find it at the grocery store near

the gatorades.

Best of luck!

Dias

Santa Clara, CA

=================

Wbuirch@... wrote:

Coaches,

<<<<Just got back from Children's Hospital in Pa. Daughter has been having dizzy

spells. Cardiologist did a complete work up on my daughter. He told that she

was very fit for her age. He was astounded by her conditioning. however, he

was concerned with her sodium levels and her hydration level. He recommended

her to drink two bottles of sports drinks a day. What would you recommend? She

doesn't drink juices or soda. She only drinks water. Any input would be

appreciated.>>>

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Warren:

I think Krista's points are well-made, but do you mind if I ask if you know

what your daughter's serum sodium levels were after the cardiologist tested

her? And were her dizzy spells following an exercise bout? And if so, how

long.

I would be very surprised if there were to be a case of hyponatremia here.

But as the attending physician specifically spoke to sodium levels, I'm

interested in the outcome.

Hydration, electrolyte replacement and, sadly, hyponatremia, together with

the underlying endocrine systems are an area of special interest to me.

Regards

Woofie

C. " Woofie " Humpage, CSCS

USA Triathlon Level 1 Certified Coach

A Joe Friel's ULTRAFIT Associate

www.mastersathletic.com

sdale AZ

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>Hi Warren,

Woofie's idea of hyponatremia might be an answer, specially is you say

your daughter drinks only water. Unfortunately, you haven't mentioned the

amount of water she drinks daily.

Water is not a good choice for every sport person, specially during

training , competitions and recovery.

If she drinks too much, her plasma serum level will drop and according to

the latest ACSM’s position stand on exercise and fluid intake, on the long

term it might cause cerebral damage.

I think this is not the case of your daughter but it's something to bear

in mind anyway. Drinking a sport drink during a training session might be

beneficial but at that point other factors such as the nature of the

exercise, intensity and duration and environmental temperature should be

considered.

All the best,

Luca Cardilli

Oxford, UK

Warren:

>

> I think Krista's points are well-made, but do you mind if I ask if you

> know

> what your daughter's serum sodium levels were after the cardiologist

> tested

> her? And were her dizzy spells following an exercise bout? And if so, how

> long.

>

> I would be very surprised if there were to be a case of hyponatremia here.

> But as the attending physician specifically spoke to sodium levels, I'm

> interested in the outcome.

>

> Hydration, electrolyte replacement and, sadly, hyponatremia, together with

> the underlying endocrine systems are an area of special interest to me.

>

> Regards

> Woofie

>

> C. " Woofie " Humpage, CSCS

> USA Triathlon Level 1 Certified Coach

> A Joe Friel's ULTRAFIT Associate

> www.mastersathletic.com

> sdale AZ

>

>

>

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Following Luca's additional comments on hyponatremia and the new ACSM

position stand, let me add a few brief comments.

I'm curious about what's going on here with the (referred to) plasma sodium

levels as:

1. It would be hard, absent a prolonged exercise bout and serious

over-drinking to imagine how *symptomatic* hyponatremia would result. That

said:

2. If dizziness indicated symptomatic hyponatremia then I doubt Warren's

daughter would have been discharged.

FWIW, " mental " or neurological symptoms combined with weight gain are a huge

red flag at endurance event medical stations.

As an aside, a lot of supplement industry related hype is written about

electrolytes. In Triathlete magazine this month (the May issue) there is a

rare but simple and good article called " Fact and Fiction: The truth about

sodium and endurance sports " by Dr. Craig Horswill. For US listers not

familiar w/Triathlete magazine I should say I class it rather like Runners

World. If you have read it for a year, you have read what they have to say,

but the adverts are good. On this occasion, they managed a good short

piece.

C. " Woofie " Humpage, CSCS

USA Triathlon Level 1 Certified Coach

A Joe Friel's ULTRAFIT Associate

www.mastersathletic.com

sdale AZ

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Guest guest

>

> Coaches,

>

> Just got back from Children's Hospital in Pa. Daughter has been

having dizzy

> spells. Cardiologist did a complete work up on my daughter. He told

that she

> was very fit for her age. He was astounded by her conditioning.

however, he

> was concerned with her sodium levels and her hydration level. He

recommended

> her to drink two bottles of sports drinks a day. What would you

recommend? She

> doesn't drink juices or soda. She only drinks water. Any input

would be

> appreciated.

***

I've heard the same about chocolate milk and some other common

drinks. Though, I don't think Gatorade would have nearly the amount

of fat and other stuff you could do w/out. IMO, the best thing about

a quality sports drink is its simplicity .... replace what's

immediately needed and nothing else.

As much of a closet addict as I am w/ Gatorage(get it for free at a

gym I work at), I'm also a believer of frequent quality snacks that

consistently keep my hydration/electrolyte levels - well, level

throughout week. Just so I don't have to worry about it come

gameday! It also helps w/ low blood pressure and inconsistent sugar

levels

That's a good point made earlier re: eating disorders.

Crawford

Washington, DC

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I also was having dizzy spells and my doc recommended having a V8. Since

having one a day, I have not been having the dizzy spells. Also like your

daughter I drink water, and not soda or juice. This maybe would help her and

she would get some nutrients from it being a veggie drink.

Best of luck

Day

BC Canada

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As a physician I am always stressing to my patients

with high blood pressure that they need to be careful

in using salt and in some patients their Hypertension

is salt sensitive.

Unfortunately this advice given to older patients with

Hypertension is taken by young healthy and active

individuals, who are trying eat a healthy diet, that

they too should avoid salt.

Just as sugar does not cause diabetes salt does not

cause Hypertension. However just as an individual

with diabetes has to limit their sugar intake so does

an individual with Hypertension have to limit their

sodium intake.

In your case as well as Warren Buirch's daughter you

are more likely to be suffering from hypovolemia

rather than hyponatremia. The hypovolemia is causing

" low blood pressure " which in turn is the cause of

your dizzy spells.

By taking in more sodium your body will retain more

fluid and consequently raise your blood pressure to

normal values.

Hyponatremia does not occur as often as you think. In

athletes it will occur only if they are sweating

profusely for a long time (the rule of thumb > 3 hrs)

and replacing the lost sweat with plain water.

In the study from the New England Journal of

Medicine, which reported the findings of runners in

the Boston Marathon, hypnatremia was more likely to

occur in th slower runners whose time was very slow

and who drank just water during the entire race. The

front runners were least likely to suffer from

hyponatremia.

On the other hand in the elderly and sick this

condition is unfortunately more common, not because

they lack sodium in their diet but rather because the

kidneys and other mechinisms for controlling

osmolality and fluid not longer function properly.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA

--- Day wrote:

> I also was having dizzy spells and my doc

> recommended having a V8. Since

> having one a day, I have not been having the dizzy

> spells. Also like your

> daughter I drink water, and not soda or juice. This

> maybe would help her and

> she would get some nutrients from it being a veggie

> drink.

>

>

> Best of luck

> Day

> BC Canada

>

>

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Hi Ralph,

I looked up hypovolemia as this is a new term for me. I don't believe this is

something I have.

Causes:Common causes of hypovolemia can be dehydration, bleeding, severe burns

and drugs such as diuretics or vasodilators typically used to treat hypertensive

individuals. Rarely, it may occur as a result of a blood donation.[1]

I drink 2-4 litres of water a day; no bleeding or burns; and completely

drug-free. Also a low resting pulse rate.

I run 5 km a day on various inclines (6 days a week); lift weights every other

day, and stay active with hiking, mnt biking; swimming etc. I also eat cleanly

and well : ) Im 36.

Thanks for your email reply.

Day

BC Canada

<<<< Re: Re: Low sodium

As a physician I am always stressing to my patients

with high blood pressure that they need to be careful

in using salt and in some patients their Hypertension

is salt sensitive.

Unfortunately this advice given to older patients with

Hypertension is taken by young healthy and active

individuals, who are trying eat a healthy diet, that

they too should avoid salt.

Just as sugar does not cause diabetes salt does not

cause Hypertension. However just as an individual

with diabetes has to limit their sugar intake so does

an individual with Hypertension have to limit their

sodium intake.

In your case as well as Warren Buirch's daughter you

are more likely to be suffering from hypovolemia

rather than hyponatremia. The hypovolemia is causing

" low blood pressure " which in turn is the cause of

your dizzy spells.

By taking in more sodium your body will retain more

fluid and consequently raise your blood pressure to

normal values.

Hyponatremia does not occur as often as you think. In

athletes it will occur only if they are sweating

profusely for a long time (the rule of thumb > 3 hrs)

and replacing the lost sweat with plain water.

In the study from the New England Journal of

Medicine, which reported the findings of runners in

the Boston Marathon, hypnatremia was more likely to

occur in th slower runners whose time was very slow

and who drank just water during the entire race. The

front runners were least likely to suffer from

hyponatremia.

On the other hand in the elderly and sick this

condition is unfortunately more common, not because

they lack sodium in their diet but rather because the

kidneys and other mechinisms for controlling

osmolality and fluid not longer function properly.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA >>>>

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Guest guest

Hi Ralph,

I looked up hypovolemia as this is a new term for me. I don't believe this is

something I have.

Causes:Common causes of hypovolemia can be dehydration, bleeding, severe burns

and drugs such as diuretics or vasodilators typically used to treat hypertensive

individuals. Rarely, it may occur as a result of a blood donation.[1]

I drink 2-4 litres of water a day; no bleeding or burns; and completely

drug-free. Also a low resting pulse rate.

I run 5 km a day on various inclines (6 days a week); lift weights every other

day, and stay active with hiking, mnt biking; swimming etc. I also eat cleanly

and well : ) Im 36.

Thanks for your email reply.

Day

BC Canada

<<<< Re: Re: Low sodium

As a physician I am always stressing to my patients

with high blood pressure that they need to be careful

in using salt and in some patients their Hypertension

is salt sensitive.

Unfortunately this advice given to older patients with

Hypertension is taken by young healthy and active

individuals, who are trying eat a healthy diet, that

they too should avoid salt.

Just as sugar does not cause diabetes salt does not

cause Hypertension. However just as an individual

with diabetes has to limit their sugar intake so does

an individual with Hypertension have to limit their

sodium intake.

In your case as well as Warren Buirch's daughter you

are more likely to be suffering from hypovolemia

rather than hyponatremia. The hypovolemia is causing

" low blood pressure " which in turn is the cause of

your dizzy spells.

By taking in more sodium your body will retain more

fluid and consequently raise your blood pressure to

normal values.

Hyponatremia does not occur as often as you think. In

athletes it will occur only if they are sweating

profusely for a long time (the rule of thumb > 3 hrs)

and replacing the lost sweat with plain water.

In the study from the New England Journal of

Medicine, which reported the findings of runners in

the Boston Marathon, hypnatremia was more likely to

occur in th slower runners whose time was very slow

and who drank just water during the entire race. The

front runners were least likely to suffer from

hyponatremia.

On the other hand in the elderly and sick this

condition is unfortunately more common, not because

they lack sodium in their diet but rather because the

kidneys and other mechinisms for controlling

osmolality and fluid not longer function properly.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA >>>>

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--- Day wrote:

> Hi Ralph,

>

> I looked up hypovolemia as this is a new term for

> me. I don't believe this is something I have.

>

> Causes:Common causes of hypovolemia can be

> dehydration, bleeding, severe burns and drugs such

> as diuretics or vasodilators typically used to treat

> hypertensive individuals. Rarely, it may occur as a

> result of a blood donation.[1]

> I drink 2-4 litres of water a day; no bleeding or

> burns; and completely drug-free. Also a low resting

> pulse rate.

>

> I run 5 km a day on various inclines (6 days a

> week); lift weights every other day, and stay active

> with hiking, mnt biking; swimming etc. I also eat

> cleanly and well : ) Im 36.

>

> Thanks for your email reply.

>

> Day

> BC Canada

It is great that you drink 2-4 liters daily but that

does not guarantee that you are not at times suffering

from chronic dehydration.

This is not an uncommon finding amongst athletes

especially if they base their fluid intake on thirst.

The average sedentary non athletes needs a minimum of

2 liters daily just to maintain normal fluid

homeostasis.

On average the kidneys need about 1 liter daily to

filter the blood daily. On the average a sedentary

(non sweating) individual loses at least another 1

liter daily in what is known as insensible water loss.

This fluid is lost through the lungs every time we

exhale (ever sit in a parked car when it is cold out a

note that the windows get fogged up?

We also lose fluid through our skin even when not

visibly sweating.

9 liters daily are excreted into our intestinal tract

to aid digestion daily, although approximately 95% is

reabsorbed through our colon.

************************

<<A Primer on Fluids and Sodium

By , MS, RD

This report filed June 10, 2004

In early 2004 the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Food

and Nutrition Board released Dietary Reference Intakes

(DRIs) for water and sodium (potassium, chloride, and

sulfate recommendations were also included in this

report). You may have heard about these dietary

guidelines for Americans and Canadians, which are

designed for the average adult who may be sedentary or

mildly active, not for triathletes and cyclist who

training regularly, often for more than two hours per

session. In establishing the guidelines, the expert

panel reviewed the scientific literature for quality

of the research and the resulting data.

The IOM panel determined that male adults require 3.7

liters of fluid daily and female adults require 2.7

liters.

The panel also decided that caffeinated and alcoholic

beverages could contribute to the total fluid intake

states noting that their diuretic effect seems to be

transient in nature. They also advise that drinking

that fluid intake should be driven by thirst and the

consumption of beverages at mealtime.

These recommendations will not fit endurance athletes

who should rely on my more than thirst to maintain

adequate fluid consumption.

You are likely thirsty when your body fluid levels are

fairly low and there is an increase in sodium

concentration, not a good indicator for preventing

dehydration.>>

**************************

In the athlete who exercises these loses are greatly

increased. An athlete can sweat 1+ liters of fluid

for every hour that they exercise. The 3 liters are

the minimum you should be drinking when not exercising

and then you probably need to add another 1+ liters

per hour of exercise, depending on the conditions

under which you exercise and the intensity of the

exercise.

While sweating the athlete also loses a considerable

amount of sodium.

*************************

<<Salt of the Earth

http://velonews.com/train/

By , MS, RD

This report filed June 30, 2004

The IOM has recommended that sodium intake be at 1500

milligrams daily. This recommendation is based on the

fact that research supports that reduced intake of

sodium coupled with increased potassium intake can

help prevent the increase in blood pressure that

occurs with aging.

However, sodium sweat losses can vary greatly and be

significant during hard and long training sessions

outdoors.

Athletes have had measured sodium sweat losses ranging

from 460 to 1800 mg sodium per liter sweat.

How much sodium you lose in an hour of training is

also a product of your sweat rate. Some

well-acclimated triathletes and cyclists may be very

efficient sweaters and lose only one-half to one liter

of sweat per hour, while others may reach higher

levels of two or three liters per hour in hot and

humid weather, despite being acclimated.>>

********************************************

If you are losing a large amount of sodium through

your sweat and your sodium intake is low your body

will not retain enough of the water you drink to

maintain your blood pressure. Just as too much sodium

may be associated with Hypertension low sodium can be

associated with hypotension or low blood pressure.

How does this occur? Well the needs to maintain a

sodium level of between 137 mmol/l and 145 mmol/l. If

the sodium concentration levels begin to drop the

kidneys will dump water and retain sodium to return

the equilibrium. This can result in hypovolemia or

dehydration and is manifested in a low blood pressure.

This can be compensated for with an increase in heart

rate.

However when there is a sudden change in position such

as going from a lying position to a sitting position

or a standing position there can be a sudden

uncompensated drop in blood pressure causing a short

period of light headedness. The hypotension then

causes several compensation mechanisms and the

dizziness passes. If it were not for the compensating

mechanisms the individual would lose consciousness and

fall down.

In women this condition may be exacerbated by a mild

chronic anemia caused by their monthly menstruation.

By your own account you are a very active individual

and may in fact need more than 4 liters daily as well

as an increase of sodium in your diet. The case cited

by someone of correcting dizziness by drinking V8

juice had less to do with the particular product other

than the fact that that particular juice contains

sodium.

That is also the reason why the cardiologist made the

recommendation of increasing sodium to prevent

dizziness.

The scientific way of testing for dehydration is to

check the urine specific gravity. The non scientific

way, is to check the color of your urine. Dark yellow

indicates a very concentrated urine (possible

dehydration) and very light yellow or clear urine

indicates a very dilute urine (adequately hydrated).

The exception is if you are taking high doses of

vitamins many of which will turn your urine a bright

yellow.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA

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Guest guest

--- Day wrote:

> Hi Ralph,

>

> I looked up hypovolemia as this is a new term for

> me. I don't believe this is something I have.

>

> Causes:Common causes of hypovolemia can be

> dehydration, bleeding, severe burns and drugs such

> as diuretics or vasodilators typically used to treat

> hypertensive individuals. Rarely, it may occur as a

> result of a blood donation.[1]

> I drink 2-4 litres of water a day; no bleeding or

> burns; and completely drug-free. Also a low resting

> pulse rate.

>

> I run 5 km a day on various inclines (6 days a

> week); lift weights every other day, and stay active

> with hiking, mnt biking; swimming etc. I also eat

> cleanly and well : ) Im 36.

>

> Thanks for your email reply.

>

> Day

> BC Canada

It is great that you drink 2-4 liters daily but that

does not guarantee that you are not at times suffering

from chronic dehydration.

This is not an uncommon finding amongst athletes

especially if they base their fluid intake on thirst.

The average sedentary non athletes needs a minimum of

2 liters daily just to maintain normal fluid

homeostasis.

On average the kidneys need about 1 liter daily to

filter the blood daily. On the average a sedentary

(non sweating) individual loses at least another 1

liter daily in what is known as insensible water loss.

This fluid is lost through the lungs every time we

exhale (ever sit in a parked car when it is cold out a

note that the windows get fogged up?

We also lose fluid through our skin even when not

visibly sweating.

9 liters daily are excreted into our intestinal tract

to aid digestion daily, although approximately 95% is

reabsorbed through our colon.

************************

<<A Primer on Fluids and Sodium

By , MS, RD

This report filed June 10, 2004

In early 2004 the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Food

and Nutrition Board released Dietary Reference Intakes

(DRIs) for water and sodium (potassium, chloride, and

sulfate recommendations were also included in this

report). You may have heard about these dietary

guidelines for Americans and Canadians, which are

designed for the average adult who may be sedentary or

mildly active, not for triathletes and cyclist who

training regularly, often for more than two hours per

session. In establishing the guidelines, the expert

panel reviewed the scientific literature for quality

of the research and the resulting data.

The IOM panel determined that male adults require 3.7

liters of fluid daily and female adults require 2.7

liters.

The panel also decided that caffeinated and alcoholic

beverages could contribute to the total fluid intake

states noting that their diuretic effect seems to be

transient in nature. They also advise that drinking

that fluid intake should be driven by thirst and the

consumption of beverages at mealtime.

These recommendations will not fit endurance athletes

who should rely on my more than thirst to maintain

adequate fluid consumption.

You are likely thirsty when your body fluid levels are

fairly low and there is an increase in sodium

concentration, not a good indicator for preventing

dehydration.>>

**************************

In the athlete who exercises these loses are greatly

increased. An athlete can sweat 1+ liters of fluid

for every hour that they exercise. The 3 liters are

the minimum you should be drinking when not exercising

and then you probably need to add another 1+ liters

per hour of exercise, depending on the conditions

under which you exercise and the intensity of the

exercise.

While sweating the athlete also loses a considerable

amount of sodium.

*************************

<<Salt of the Earth

http://velonews.com/train/

By , MS, RD

This report filed June 30, 2004

The IOM has recommended that sodium intake be at 1500

milligrams daily. This recommendation is based on the

fact that research supports that reduced intake of

sodium coupled with increased potassium intake can

help prevent the increase in blood pressure that

occurs with aging.

However, sodium sweat losses can vary greatly and be

significant during hard and long training sessions

outdoors.

Athletes have had measured sodium sweat losses ranging

from 460 to 1800 mg sodium per liter sweat.

How much sodium you lose in an hour of training is

also a product of your sweat rate. Some

well-acclimated triathletes and cyclists may be very

efficient sweaters and lose only one-half to one liter

of sweat per hour, while others may reach higher

levels of two or three liters per hour in hot and

humid weather, despite being acclimated.>>

********************************************

If you are losing a large amount of sodium through

your sweat and your sodium intake is low your body

will not retain enough of the water you drink to

maintain your blood pressure. Just as too much sodium

may be associated with Hypertension low sodium can be

associated with hypotension or low blood pressure.

How does this occur? Well the needs to maintain a

sodium level of between 137 mmol/l and 145 mmol/l. If

the sodium concentration levels begin to drop the

kidneys will dump water and retain sodium to return

the equilibrium. This can result in hypovolemia or

dehydration and is manifested in a low blood pressure.

This can be compensated for with an increase in heart

rate.

However when there is a sudden change in position such

as going from a lying position to a sitting position

or a standing position there can be a sudden

uncompensated drop in blood pressure causing a short

period of light headedness. The hypotension then

causes several compensation mechanisms and the

dizziness passes. If it were not for the compensating

mechanisms the individual would lose consciousness and

fall down.

In women this condition may be exacerbated by a mild

chronic anemia caused by their monthly menstruation.

By your own account you are a very active individual

and may in fact need more than 4 liters daily as well

as an increase of sodium in your diet. The case cited

by someone of correcting dizziness by drinking V8

juice had less to do with the particular product other

than the fact that that particular juice contains

sodium.

That is also the reason why the cardiologist made the

recommendation of increasing sodium to prevent

dizziness.

The scientific way of testing for dehydration is to

check the urine specific gravity. The non scientific

way, is to check the color of your urine. Dark yellow

indicates a very concentrated urine (possible

dehydration) and very light yellow or clear urine

indicates a very dilute urine (adequately hydrated).

The exception is if you are taking high doses of

vitamins many of which will turn your urine a bright

yellow.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington Ct USA

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