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don't recall any but you can do a pubmed hypophosphatemia AND Conn's Syndrome and let us know what you find.Clarence E. Grim, BS, MS, MD

Specializing in Primary Aldosteronism, Difficult High Blood Pressure and recent evolutionary forces on high blood pressure in populations today.

Any relationship between low blood Phosphate and PA?

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If I am cat there is a link

Primary hyperaldosteronism, a mediator of progressive renal disease in cats.

Javadi S, Djajadiningrat-Laanen SC, Kooistra HS, van Dongen AM, Voorhout G, van

Sluijs FJ, van den Ingh TS, Boer WH, Rijnberk A.

SourceDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of

Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, NL-3508 TD

Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Abstract

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in primary hyperaldosteronism,

particularly because of its possible role in the progression of kidney disease.

While most studies have concerned humans and experimental animal models, we here

report on the occurrence of a spontaneous form of (non-tumorous) primary

hyperaldosteronism in cats. At presentation, the main physical features of 11

elderly cats were hypokalemic paroxysmal flaccid paresis and loss of vision due

to retinal detachment with hemorrhages. Primary hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed

on the basis of plasma concentrations of aldosterone (PAC) and plasma renin

activity (PRA), and the calculation of the PAC:PRA ratio. In all animals, PACs

were at the upper end or higher than the reference range. The PRAs were at the

lower end of the reference range, and the PAC:PRA ratios exceeded the reference

range. Diagnostic imaging by ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed no

or only very minor changes in the adrenals compatible with nodular hyperplasia.

Adrenal gland histopathology revealed extensive micronodular hyperplasia

extending from zona glomerulosa into the zona fasciculata and reticularis. In

three cats, plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were normal when

hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed but thereafter increased to above the upper

limit of the respective reference range. In the other eight cats, urea and

creatinine concentrations were raised at first examination and gradually further

increased. Even in end-stage renal insufficiency, there was a tendency to

hypophosphatemia rather than to hyperphosphatemia. The histopathological changes

in the kidneys mimicked those of humans with hyperaldosteronism: hyaline

arteriolar sclerosis, glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial

fibrosis. The non-tumorous form of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats has many

similarities with " idiopathic " primary hyperaldosteronism in humans. The

condition is associated with progressive renal disease, which may in part be due

to the often incompletely suppressed plasma renin activity.

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Meow!Htn and renal failure in cats is about 50 years behind in epidemiology of HTN BUT I WILL read this one in detail. Thanks. May your pressure be low!CE Grim MS, MDSpecializing in DifficultHypertension

If I am cat there is a link

Primary hyperaldosteronism, a mediator of progressive renal disease in cats.

Javadi S, Djajadiningrat-Laanen SC, Kooistra HS, van Dongen AM, Voorhout G, van Sluijs FJ, van den Ingh TS, Boer WH, Rijnberk A.

SourceDepartment of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, P.O. Box 80154, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Abstract

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in primary hyperaldosteronism, particularly because of its possible role in the progression of kidney disease. While most studies have concerned humans and experimental animal models, we here report on the occurrence of a spontaneous form of (non-tumorous) primary hyperaldosteronism in cats. At presentation, the main physical features of 11 elderly cats were hypokalemic paroxysmal flaccid paresis and loss of vision due to retinal detachment with hemorrhages. Primary hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed on the basis of plasma concentrations of aldosterone (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA), and the calculation of the PAC:PRA ratio. In all animals, PACs were at the upper end or higher than the reference range. The PRAs were at the lower end of the reference range, and the PAC:PRA ratios exceeded the reference range. Diagnostic imaging by ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed no or only very minor changes in the adrenals compatible with nodular hyperplasia. Adrenal gland histopathology revealed extensive micronodular hyperplasia extending from zona glomerulosa into the zona fasciculata and reticularis. In three cats, plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were normal when hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed but thereafter increased to above the upper limit of the respective reference range. In the other eight cats, urea and creatinine concentrations were raised at first examination and gradually further increased. Even in end-stage renal insufficiency, there was a tendency to hypophosphatemia rather than to hyperphosphatemia. The histopathological changes in the kidneys mimicked those of humans with hyperaldosteronism: hyaline arteriolar sclerosis, glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The non-tumorous form of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats has many similarities with "idiopathic" primary hyperaldosteronism in humans. The condition is associated with progressive renal disease, which may in part be due to the often incompletely suppressed plasma renin activity.

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How concerned so I be about this. Dec 10 2011 Phosphate 1.5 Low mg/dL range

(2.5-5.0) Sept 24 2011 Phosphate 2.1 Low mg/dL range(2.5-5.0) feb 17 2011

Phosphate 2.3 Low mg/dL range(2.5-5.0) Jan 14 2011 PHOSPHATE 3.1 range (2.5-5.0)

VA doesn't seen to be.

All are ED visits for breathing problems. Last vist and now have problems with

breathing just sitting. Also the low readings and shaking started about the same

time.

64 M NH vet with HTN Possable since 1966 but most B/P at that time were normal a

few with top 140, K went to 3.2 with HCTZ (2007). Sx of CHF. CT 2 cm L adrenal

adenoma(2006). Aldo Renin not classic for PA but done on meds. Never tried on

spiro or eplere but trying to get VA to try. B/P is arould 140/80 on diuretics

eating less NA not at DASH goal. Normal Echo and stress tests.

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This is from Wikipedia

Common causes of hypophosphatemiaRefeeding syndrome This causes a demand for

phosphate in cells due to the action of phosphofructokinase, an enzyme that

attaches phosphate to glucose to begin metabolism of this. Also, production of

ATP when cells are fed and recharge their energy supplies, requires phosphate.

Respiratory alkalosis Any alkalemic condition moves phosphate out of the blood

into cells. This includes most common respiratory alkalemia (a higher than

normal blood pH from low carbon dioxide levels in the blood), which in turn is

caused by any hyperventilation (such as may result from sepsis, fever, pain,

anxiety, drug withdrawal, and many other causes). This phenomenon is seen

because in respiratory alkalosis carbon dioxide (CO2) decreases in the

extracellular space, causing intracellular CO2 to freely diffuse out of the

cell. This drop in intracellular CO2 causes a rise in cellular pH which has a

stimulating effect on glycolysis. Since the process of glycolysis requires

phosphate (the end product is adenosine triphosphate), the result is a massive

uptake of phosphate into metabolically active tissue (such as muscle) from the

serum. It is interesting to note, however, that this effect is not seen in

metabolic alkalosis, for in such cases the cause of the alkalosis is increased

bicarbonate rather than decreased CO2. Bicarbonate, unlike CO2, has poor

diffusion across the cellular membrane and therefore there is little change in

intracellular pH. [1]

Alcohol abuse Alcohol impairs phosphate absorption. Alcoholics are usually also

malnourished with regard to minerals. In addition, alcohol treatment is

associated with refeeding, and the stress of alcohol withdrawal may create

respiratory alkalosis, which exacerbates hypophosphatemia (see above).

Malabsorption This includes GI damage, and also failure to absorb phosphate due

to lack of vitamin D, or chronic use of phosphate binders such as sucralfate,

aluminum-containing antacids, and (more rarely) calcium-containing antacids.

Primary hypophosphatemia is the most common cause of nonnutritional rickets.

Laboratory findings include low-normal serum calcium, moderately low serum

phosphate, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and low serum 1,25

dihydroxy-vitamin D levels, hyperphosphaturia, and no evidence of

hyperparathyroidism.[2]

Other rarer causes include

Certain blood cancers such as lymphoma or leukemia

hereditary causes

hepatic failure

Tumor-induced osteomalacia

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Yes tell them that some Drs have thought u were a pussy (cat). May your pressure be low!CE Grim MS, MDSpecializing in DifficultHypertension

Maybe you can take it in to your PCP and shame them into a good DX!

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That is my problem in getting DX I am to much like a pussy cat.

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The VA provides " Vet Service " , you are in luck!

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I went to VA ED on Thur Walking less then 15 FT in my house caused breathing

problems. Asked about the low Phosphate was told they didn't think it was a

problem. They thought I should see Physical therapy. Nothing about testing to

see why I have low phosphate.

I did find this on causes of Hypophosphatemia Note also that low Vit D plays a

role in this as well.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1272444/?page=1

In part it says MODERATE HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, arbitrarily defined

as a serum phosphorus level ranging between

1.0 and 2.5 mg per dl, occurs under numerous

circumstances (Table 1). Being a highly reactive

ion involved in many chemical reactions, phosphate

is readily taken up from extracellular fluid

into cells and incorporated into several organic

compounds. Persistent moderate hypophosphatemia

is an important finding because it may reflect

such disorders as vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism

or a reabsorptive defect of the renal

tubule.

And this is table 1

TABLE 1.-Causes of Moderate Hypophosphatemia

Hemodialysis

Hyperparathyroidism

Starvation

Glucose administration

Fructose administration

Glycerol administration

Lactate administration

Sodium bicarbonate

infusion

Osteomalacia

Renal tubular defects

Pregnancy

Malabsorption

Vitamin D deficiency

Acute gout

Salicylate poisoning

Volume expansion

-Aldosteronism

(licorice)

-Saline infusion

-Hypokalemia

Hypomagnesemia

Gram-negative bacteremia

Insulin administration

Gastrin administration

Glucagon administration

Epinephrine administration

Corticosteroid

administration

Diuretic therapy

Androgen therapy

Recovery from hypothermia

Full text is this link

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1272444/pdf/westjmed00221-0030.pdf

How concerned so I be about this. Dec 10 2011 Phosphate 1.5 Low mg/dL range

(2.5-5.0) Sept 24 2011 Phosphate 2.1 Low mg/dL range(2.5-5.0) feb 17 2011

Phosphate 2.3 Low mg/dL range(2.5-5.0) Jan 14 2011 PHOSPHATE 3.1 range (2.5-5.0)

VA doesn't seen to be.

All are ED visits for breathing problems. Last vist and now have problems with

breathing just sitting. Also the low readings and shaking started about the same

time.

64 M NH vet with HTN Possible since 1966 but most B/P at that time were normal

a few with top 140, K went to 3.2 with HCTZ (2007). Sx of CHF. CT 2 cm L adrenal

adenoma(2006). Aldo Renin not classic for PA but done on meds. Never tried on

spiro or eplere but trying to get VA to try. B/P is arould 140/80 on diuretics

eating less NA not at DASH goal. Normal Echo and stress tests.

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Note the list contains aldosteronism, low K, volume expansion and excess salt intake- but not much of a problem in most from my database.Remind me of all the meds you are on and anything else you eat or drink.What was/has been your urine Na and K?Time for a trial of spiro I would think.CE Grim MDOn Dec 27, 2011, at 6:53 AM, Francis Bill SUSPECTED PA wrote: I went to VA ED on Thur Walking less then 15 FT in my house caused breathing problems. Asked about the low Phosphate was told they didn't think it was a problem. They thought I should see Physical therapy. Nothing about testing to see why I have low phosphate. I did find this on causes of Hypophosphatemia Note also that low Vit D plays a role in this as well. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1272444/?page=1 In part it says MODERATE HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, arbitrarily defined as a serum phosphorus level ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 mg per dl, occurs under numerous circumstances (Table 1). Being a highly reactive ion involved in many chemical reactions, phosphate is readily taken up from extracellular fluid into cells and incorporated into several organic compounds. Persistent moderate hypophosphatemia is an important finding because it may reflect such disorders as vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism or a reabsorptive defect of the renal tubule. And this is table 1 TABLE 1.-Causes of Moderate Hypophosphatemia Hemodialysis Hyperparathyroidism Starvation Glucose administration Fructose administration Glycerol administration Lactate administration Sodium bicarbonate infusion Osteomalacia Renal tubular defects Pregnancy Malabsorption Vitamin D deficiency Acute gout Salicylate poisoning Volume expansion -Aldosteronism (licorice) -Saline infusion -Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Gram-negative bacteremia Insulin administration Gastrin administration Glucagon administration Epinephrine administration Corticosteroid administration Diuretic therapy Androgen therapy Recovery from hypothermia Full text is this link http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1272444/pdf/westjmed00221-0030.pdf How concerned so I be about this. Dec 10 2011 Phosphate 1.5 Low mg/dL range (2.5-5.0) Sept 24 2011 Phosphate 2.1 Low mg/dL range(2.5-5.0) feb 17 2011 Phosphate 2.3 Low mg/dL range(2.5-5.0) Jan 14 2011 PHOSPHATE 3.1 range (2.5-5.0) VA doesn't seen to be. All are ED visits for breathing problems. Last vist and now have problems with breathing just sitting. Also the low readings and shaking started about the same time. 64 M NH vet with HTN Possible since 1966 but most B/P at that time were normal a few with top 140, K went to 3.2 with HCTZ (2007). Sx of CHF. CT 2 cm L adrenal adenoma(2006). Aldo Renin not classic for PA but done on meds. Never tried on spiro or eplere but trying to get VA to try. B/P is arould 140/80 on diuretics eating less NA not at DASH goal. Normal Echo and stress tests. > > > > > > > > Any relationship between low blood Phosphate and PA? > > > > > > > > > > > > > >

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Do you test for low Phosphate in all that have PA? Really hard to find much

information on this. Many foods are high in Phosphate so very uncommon that you

would not eat enough Phosphate. Also see that many have no Sx unless Phosphate

is very low.

List of meds ATENOLOL 25MG TRIAMTERENE 50MG POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ

FUROSEMIDE 60MG TAB. ATENOLOL has been stopped and LISINOPRIL 5MG was added on

10/27/2011. Have started and stopped LISINOPRIL trying to see if it is adding to

problems I think it is. I take a Multivtamin multimineral supplement.

nothing but normal foods Drink a fair amount of milk. Most of the time I drink

low NA V8 or something else with a lot of K. My in town store doesn't have low

na V8 and don't always feel up to driving the 10 miles to where they have it.

Urine NA or K has never been tested.

Not sure what it would take to get VA Dr to start spiro.

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I also note that it has " Androgen therapy " . If this is tretment for low

androgen that low dose of spiro may do wonders for your transgender (M2F)

therapy - 25mg bid did wonders for me!

As I read the list, -Aldosteronism (licorice) I would recommend you stop eating

licorice or chewing tobacco and see if that helps! How many of the others were

you able to rule out?

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I don't use tobacco in any form. Don't even know where I could buy licorice.

Since VA doesn't seen to think Low Phosphate is a problem they have done nothing

to see why it is low. My question is below normal phosphate something to be be

concerned about. If so how low is to low.

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Francis, what does four hypertension meds + added K say to you? Val From: hyperaldosteronism [mailto:hyperaldosteronism ] On Behalf Of Francis Bill SUSPECTED PA Do you test for low Phosphate in all that have PA? Really hard to find much information on this. Many foods are high in Phosphate so very uncommon that you would not eat enough Phosphate. Also see that many have no Sx unless Phosphate is very low. List of meds ATENOLOL 25MG TRIAMTERENE 50MG POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ FUROSEMIDE 60MG TAB. ATENOLOL has been stopped and LISINOPRIL 5MG was added on 10/27/2011. Have started and stopped LISINOPRIL trying to see if it is adding to problems I think it is. I take a Multivtamin multimineral supplement. nothing but normal foods Drink a fair amount of milk. Most of the time I drink low NA V8 or something else with a lot of K. My in town store doesn't have low na V8 and don't always feel up to driving the 10 miles to where they have it. Urine NA or K has never been tested. Not sure what it would take to get VA Dr to start spiro.

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I think I knew that, I was just trying to point out that was quite a diverse

list to draw a conclusion of trying spiro from. I don't feel spiro is quite as

benign as some feel, especially for the male gender.

I know absolutely nothing about phosphate but learning a lot about side effects

of spiro! Make them figure it out and don't let them jump to the first

conclusion and stop.

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One key with spiro, and of course I am only one anectodal experience, is to DASH well and take the lowest dose - for us males as I can't speak for the ladies. on 12.5mg, and good DASHing (I am not perfect at it though - but the effort is certainly paying off) I have none of the effects like the breast tenderness. And let's be honest, it's NOT tenderness we speak of, but I swear it felt like a rock under my nipple, and the nipple was being squeezed tighter and tighter with a rubber band - and if I bumped into anything it was yell time. When I took 25 twice a day for a short while I got the tenderness immediately. I can go 12.5 two times a day and seem to be okay.

Subject: Re: Low PhosphateTo: hyperaldosteronism Date: Tuesday, December 27, 2011, 3:38 PM

I think I knew that, I was just trying to point out that was quite a diverse list to draw a conclusion of trying spiro from. I don't feel spiro is quite as benign as some feel, especially for the male gender.I know absolutely nothing about phosphate but learning a lot about side effects of spiro! Make them figure it out and don't let them jump to the first conclusion and stop. > > > > >

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I share your thoughts on Sprio. It seems almost every Male that has posted on

here has the problem with Gynecomastia. Probably most have low testosterone.

Would only know this if tested.

Dr Grim has said a few times based on my postings I should try Sprio. This list

is just adding to that.

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I swear gang WHY are docs (and others) so damn afraid to even just try spiro? If it works we know. I had a stern little talking with back and forth with a newer NP in the clinic the other day and asked her why she wouldn't just try the spiro - hell the guy is 40, on 4 meds, resistant to ALL of them, and had a low K. She said his renin and aldo were fine......I haven't seen them so I don't know if they were.

What is the scare from spiro. Hell, the BB's have tons of side effects, but they will go to that right away.

Don't get it

Subject: RE: Re: Low PhosphateTo: hyperaldosteronism Date: Tuesday, December 27, 2011, 3:28 PM

Francis, what does four hypertension meds + added K say to you?

Val

From: hyperaldosteronism [mailto:hyperaldosteronism ] On Behalf Of Francis Bill SUSPECTED PA

Do you test for low Phosphate in all that have PA? Really hard to find much information on this. Many foods are high in Phosphate so very uncommon that you would not eat enough Phosphate. Also see that many have no Sx unless Phosphate is very low. List of meds ATENOLOL 25MG TRIAMTERENE 50MG POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ FUROSEMIDE 60MG TAB. ATENOLOL has been stopped and LISINOPRIL 5MG was added on 10/27/2011. Have started and stopped LISINOPRIL trying to see if it is adding to problems I think it is. I take a Multivtamin multimineral supplement. nothing but normal foods Drink a fair amount of milk. Most of the time I drink low NA V8 or something else with a lot of K. My in town store doesn't have low na V8 and don't always feel up to driving the 10 miles to where they have it. Urine NA or K has never been tested. Not sure what it would take to get VA Dr to start spiro.

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And you are correct Francis as I also had a low T long before the spiro came along.

Subject: Re: Low PhosphateTo: hyperaldosteronism Date: Tuesday, December 27, 2011, 4:31 PM

I share your thoughts on Sprio. It seems almost every Male that has posted on here has the problem with Gynecomastia. Probably most have low testosterone. Would only know this if tested. Dr Grim has said a few times based on my postings I should try Sprio. This list is just adding to that. > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > Any relationship between low blood Phosphate and PA?> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > > >> > > > > > > >> > > > > > >> > > > > >> > > > >> > > > >> > > >> > >> >>

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I had a DHEAS done at dartmouth was a bit low. <30 L range

(42-290)

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And low T may be a reason to be cautious as we start to treat men in their 50's,

60's and older since I believe testosterone starts to diminish as we age. Many

studies advocate skipping AVS inder 40, maybe they should recommend inspra for

men over 40! I've suggested proper testing but don't appear to have any takers.

Here is 2 main points to consider:

Spironolactone has anti-androgen activity by directly binding to and blocking

androgens from interacting with the androgen receptor, by blocking androgen

production, and by increasing estrogen levels. Production of androgens is

decreased by inhibiting 17 & #945;-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase, which are

enzymes in the testosterone biosynthesis pathway. Estrogen levels are increased

by enhancing the peripheral conversion of testosterone to estradiol and by

displacing estradiol from sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).[

American Heritage Dictionary:

an·dro·gen

( & #259;n'dr & #601;-j & #601;n)

n.

A steroid hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone, that controls the

development and maintenance of masculine characteristics. Also called androgenic

hormone.

Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/androgen#ixzz1hmP3DmcJ

If you are not worried about your testosterone maybe you should consider if you

need more Cortisol, I posted about this last week:

Research has also shown spironolactone can interfere with the effectiveness of

antidepressant treatment. The drug is actually (among its other receptor

interactions) a mineralocorticoid (MR) antagonist, and has been found to reduce

the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of major depression,

it is presumed, by interfering with normalization of the

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients receiving antidepressant therapy

The second part is the primary reason I decided to forego the Elperenone switch

and proceed directly to see if I am a candidate for an ADx. Since Elperenone is

also classified as a MRB and I could find nothing that said it acted differently

on chromosome 8, specifically what happens between genes CYP11B1 and CYP11B2.

- 65 yo super ob. male - 12mm X 13mm rt. a.adnoma with previous rt. flank

pain. Treating with DASH. 2-Day ave w/o meds = BP 133/77 HR 61 BS 132. D/C

Spironolactone 12/20/2011 due to adverse SX.

Other Issues/Opportunities: OSA w Bi-Pap settings 13/19, DM2, Gynecomastia, MDD

and PTSD.

Meds: Duloxetine hcl 80 MG, Metoprolol Tartrate 200 MG, 81mg aspirin and

Metformin 2000MG. Started washing Spironolactone 12/20/11 to prepare for AVS.

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His renin and aldo may very well be fine if he is taking the correct meds to

influence them! My aldo was great but I now wonder what it would have been if I

hadn't been on 7 BP meds! (Renin told the story at 0.1!)

- 65 yo super ob. male - 12mm X 13mm rt. a.adnoma with previous rt. flank

pain. Treating with DASH. 2-Day ave w/o meds = BP 133/77 HR 61 BS 132. D/C

Spironolactone 12/20/2011 due to adverse SX.

Other Issues/Opportunities: OSA w Bi-Pap settings 13/19, DM2, Gynecomastia, MDD

and PTSD.

Meds: Duloxetine hcl 80 MG, Metoprolol Tartrate 200 MG, 81mg aspirin and

Metformin 2000MG. Started washing Spironolactone 12/20/11 to prepare for AVS.

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> Subject: RE: Re: Low Phosphate

> To: hyperaldosteronism

> Date: Tuesday, December 27, 2011, 3:28 PM

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> Francis, what does four hypertension meds + added K say to you?

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> Val

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> From: hyperaldosteronism

[mailto:hyperaldosteronism ] On Behalf Of Francis Bill SUSPECTED

PA

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> Do you test for low Phosphate in all that have PA? Really hard to find much

information on this. Many foods are high in Phosphate so very uncommon that you

would not eat enough Phosphate. Also see that many have no Sx unless Phosphate

is very low.

>

> List of meds ATENOLOL 25MG TRIAMTERENE 50MG POTASSIUM CHLORIDE 20MEQ

> FUROSEMIDE 60MG TAB. ATENOLOL has been stopped and LISINOPRIL 5MG was added on

10/27/2011. Have started and stopped LISINOPRIL trying to see if it is adding to

problems I think it is. I take a Multivtamin multimineral supplement.

>

> nothing but normal foods Drink a fair amount of milk. Most of the time I drink

low NA V8 or something else with a lot of K. My in town store doesn't have low

na V8 and don't always feel up to driving the 10 miles to where they have it.

>

> Urine NA or K has never been tested.

>

> Not sure what it would take to get VA Dr to start spiro.

>

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