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I'm wondering if anyone here knows the best use of exercise to control blood

sugar. I understand that aerobic exercise lowers blood sugar. Is it better to

exercise fifteen or twenty minutes several times a day, or to do it once for

sixty minutes? Is it better to exercise right after eating, to lower blood sugar

from food intake? Or does that matter? I have a treadmill, and if I understand

correctly, a moderate pace, using 60% to 70% of maximum is better for lowering

or maintaining blood sugar, but that's about all I know.

I'm doing weight training six days a week, but only two muscle groups a day,

using the Eight Minutes In the Morning guide, because I have

Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue, and Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and trying to do

more causes pain and fatigue significant enough to make me stop. I have a

treadmill, but I'm not sure what kind of aerobic schedule would be best for

affecting blood sugar.

Vicki Lockwood

Grant City, MO

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Dear Vicki,

We need a bit more of your history. Do you have diabetes? Type 1

(insulin-dependent) or Type 2 (generally non insulin-dependent)? Are

you taking any medication? How old are you and how much do you

weigh? Do you regularly monitor your blood sugar? How often and

when?

In general, multiple bouts of exercise in a day, along with many

small eating periods throughout the day will keep blood sugar more

even. But there are MANY variables to consider, not the least of

which is YOUR individual response.

The difficulty with studies is that there is not continuous

monitoring of blood sugar, only snapshots. And numbers of people

studied are usually small and conducted over short periods of time.

And the number of variables to consider is lengthy.

If you were up to studying yourself, you could try each schedule for

2-3 weeks; keep detailed records of when, what, and how much you ate

in relation to your exercise session as well as the variables of

exercise; and monitor how your own blood sugar reacted.

Perhaps Dr. Giarnella will have something to add.

Merrick, M.A.

Bellevue, NE

ACSM HFI, NSCA CPT/CSCS, NASM CPT

>

> I'm wondering if anyone here knows the best use of exercise to

control blood sugar. I understand that aerobic exercise lowers blood

sugar. Is it better to exercise fifteen or twenty minutes several

times a day, or to do it once for sixty minutes? Is it better to

exercise right after eating, to lower blood sugar from food intake?

Or does that matter? I have a treadmill, and if I understand

correctly, a moderate pace, using 60% to 70% of maximum is better for

lowering or maintaining blood sugar, but that's about all I know.

> I'm doing weight training six days a week, but only two muscle

groups a day, using the Eight Minutes In the Morning guide, because I

have Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue, and Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and

trying to do more causes pain and fatigue significant enough to make

me stop. I have a treadmill, but I'm not sure what kind of aerobic

schedule would be best for affecting blood sugar.

>

> Vicki Lockwood

> Grant City, MO

>

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Okay, here goes.

I'm soon to be 52 years old. 5'3 " and 206 pounds. When I was 19 I was diagnosed

with hypoglycemia after one of those tests that take several hours of drinking a

sweet liquid and testing.

With my last pregnancy, when I was 27, I had dangerously high blood pressure and

after the baby was born and weighed 11lbs 1oz, the doctor said I had gestational

diabetes. That was 1978. I had gained more than 70 pounds with that pregnancy. I

tested my blood sugar about once a week after that and it was always

120--whether fasting, eating junk, or eating well.

In 1994 I weighed well over 300lbs. I don't really know how much because

household scales stop there and I refused to get on a scale anywhere else. I was

also diagnosed with Fibromyalgia that year. I gained more weight because I

refused to move. It hurt too bad. So for a year I did nothing and what I learned

was the pain was there even when I didn't move, and my health was deteriorating.

On Mother's Day 1995 I made a decision. I started exercising and cut my food to

about 1600 calories a day. I tried to eat lean meats and less sugar. I lost a

hundred pounds and continued to exercise, building muscle and getting healthier.

My weight stablized at right around 200, give or take 10 pounds. And that's

where I still am, weight wise.

Near the end of 2004, my husband was diagnosed with Alzheimer's and I began to

stress. During 2005 I tried dozens of times to maintain my exercise, but

everything I did caused injury. I wasn't doing any MORE exercise, nor anything

new without a personal trainer to guide me. But I had tendinitis, bursitis,

joint swelling and pain, every time I tried ANY exercise. It was that way all

year.

And my blood sugar changed. It never went over 120--at least when I was

testing--but it started flucuating between 70 and 110. Something had changed.

In March of this year, my husband and I got fired from the job because he was no

longer able to perform due to the Alzheimer's. That job came with an apartment,

so we lost our job and home at the same time. But we've been paying on a small

house in NW Missouri, so we moved in. We're now living on his social security,

which makes eating properly very hard. But apparently the stress has been

reduced because now I am able to exercise without injury.

Thursday night I got up several times during the night to urinate and Friday I

had an unquenchable thirst. Thought maybe it was my prostate. haha!! Okay, I

just couldn't help putting that in since the commercials on TV talk about men

having to go and go at night. It took me until Saturday night to put two and two

together and decide I should check my blood sugar, and another 12 hours to find

my lancets. Sunday morning my bg was 95. I had a pancake (I know, I know, but

that's what we were given by the food bank) and tested 20 minutes after eating.

Bg was 151. And twenty minutes later it was 105. So there you have it. You know

my weight, age, stress levels, exercise and bg history.

Sorry to take so much space but I wanted you to get the whole pictures. Besides,

you asked.

Vicki Lockwood

Grant City, MO

Re: Exercise and Blood Sugar

<<<We need a bit more of your history. Do you have diabetes? Type 1

(insulin-dependent) or Type 2 (generally non insulin-dependent)? Are

you taking any medication? How old are you and how much do you

weigh? Do you regularly monitor your blood sugar? How often and

when?>>>

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After reading your questions again, and my long post about my history, I realize

I left out some answers. I'm type 2 diabetic. No meds so far. I was testing

about once a week and my bg was never over 110. After seeing it at 151, I'm

testing before I eat, right after I eat, and twenty to thirty minutes after I

eat, though I don't know how long I'll be able to keep that up since the test

strips cost money and we don't have much. I have about 70 strips left. After

that I may be SOL.

Vicki Lockwood

Grant City, MO

Re: Exercise and Blood Sugar

Dear Vicki,

We need a bit more of your history. Do you have diabetes? Type 1

(insulin-dependent) or Type 2 (generally non insulin-dependent)? Are

you taking any medication? How old are you and how much do you

weigh? Do you regularly monitor your blood sugar? How often and

when?

In general, multiple bouts of exercise in a day, along with many

small eating periods throughout the day will keep blood sugar more

even. But there are MANY variables to consider, not the least of

which is YOUR individual response.

The difficulty with studies is that there is not continuous

monitoring of blood sugar, only snapshots. And numbers of people

studied are usually small and conducted over short periods of time.

And the number of variables to consider is lengthy.

If you were up to studying yourself, you could try each schedule for

2-3 weeks; keep detailed records of when, what, and how much you ate

in relation to your exercise session as well as the variables of

exercise; and monitor how your own blood sugar reacted.

Perhaps Dr. Giarnella will have something to add.

Merrick, M.A.

Bellevue, NE

ACSM HFI, NSCA CPT/CSCS, NASM CPT

>

> I'm wondering if anyone here knows the best use of exercise to

control blood sugar. I understand that aerobic exercise lowers blood

sugar. Is it better to exercise fifteen or twenty minutes several

times a day, or to do it once for sixty minutes? Is it better to

exercise right after eating, to lower blood sugar from food intake?

Or does that matter? I have a treadmill, and if I understand

correctly, a moderate pace, using 60% to 70% of maximum is better for

lowering or maintaining blood sugar, but that's about all I know.

> I'm doing weight training six days a week, but only two muscle

groups a day, using the Eight Minutes In the Morning guide, because I

have Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue, and Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and

trying to do more causes pain and fatigue significant enough to make

me stop. I have a treadmill, but I'm not sure what kind of aerobic

schedule would be best for affecting blood sugar.

>

> Vicki Lockwood

> Grant City, MO

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I am glad that you clarified the reasons for

controlling your glucose levels since it makes it much

easier to answer your question.

Based on the the numbers you posted it sounds like you

are at very early stage in your diabetes. I have

several hundred diabetics in my practice and I

emphasize with them that the most important part of

the treatment is lifestyle modification which includes

regular exercise, diet management and weight loss.

In the early phase of diabetes the most important

problem is insulin resistance. In this phase the

pancreas is often producing large amounts of Insulin

but the body is very resistant to its effects.

Insulin resistance has been shown to decrease with

weight loss (as little as 10 lbs can make a big

difference) and exercise.

Studies have shown that a single bout of exercise can

lower insulin resistance and that this effect may last

up to 48 hours. It is difficult to quantify for you

how much exercise, what volume or what intensity is

necessary to have the effect you desire. I can only

say the more daily exercise you can do the greater the

effect. I am on my lunch break right now and do not

have the time to go into greater detail right now.

The whole issue of Insulin resistance is very complex

and not fully understood but nevertheless very

interesting.

As for your testing of your sugars you may be testing

more than you need to.

I would suggest the following regimen for better

efficacy and to save some money.

Test in the fasting state (first thing in the

morning). This does not have to be done every day.

Your fasting glucose level should Ideally be less than

90 but 90-100 is acceptable and 100-110 is tolerable.

Test 1 hour after your meals. This is when your

glucose levels are going to be at the highest.

However you do not have to test after every meal.

For instance test after breakfast. Your blood glucose

should be no higher than 140-150 1 hr after any meal.

If the sugar falls below that range the next time you

have the same items for breakfast you do not have to

test- you can assume that you will probably be normal

each time you have the same breakfast.

Test 1 hour after lunch and 1 hour after supper. Make

note of what you had to eat and how much. If you find

that eating a certain type of meal or combination then

you do not have to test every time you eat that meal

or combination again. If you find that your glucose

levels are above 140-150 then try to determine what

item in the meal may have caused your glucose to rise.

The culprit will be a form of starch. Next time cut

back on the amount of starch.

I have had patients tell me that their glucose levels

are fine if they limit themselves to 1/2 potato but if

they eat the whole potato the sugar goes out of

control. Over time you will find out for yourself how

much you can tolerate. You may also find that as you

increase your exercise tolerance you glucose levels

for any given meal will begin to decrease.

Concerning your exercise- you can divide your exercise

bouts into 3 10 minute sessions through out day if you

are unable to exercise more than 10 minutes at a time.

Not all exercise has to be formal exercise in a gym

or treadmill. Whenever possible walk up stairs

instead of taking the elevator, park your car a little

farther away when shopping. Take a short walk before

or after meals etc.

If you have any detailed questions feel free to email

me personally.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington, CT

--- vicki lockwood

wrote:

> After reading your questions again, and my long post

> about my history, I realize I left out some answers.

> I'm type 2 diabetic. No meds so far. I was testing

> about once a week and my bg was never over 110.

> After seeing it at 151, I'm testing before I eat,

> right after I eat, and twenty to thirty minutes

> after I eat, though I don't know how long I'll be

> able to keep that up since the test strips cost

> money and we don't have much. I have about 70 strips

> left. After that I may be SOL.

>

> Vicki Lockwood

> Grant City, MO

>

> Re: Exercise and Blood

> Sugar

>

>

> Dear Vicki,

>

> We need a bit more of your history. Do you have

> diabetes? Type 1

> (insulin-dependent) or Type 2 (generally non

> insulin-dependent)? Are

> you taking any medication? How old are you and how

> much do you

> weigh? Do you regularly monitor your blood sugar?

> How often and

> when?

>

> In general, multiple bouts of exercise in a day,

> along with many

> small eating periods throughout the day will keep

> blood sugar more

> even. But there are MANY variables to consider,

> not the least of

> which is YOUR individual response.

>

> The difficulty with studies is that there is not

> continuous

> monitoring of blood sugar, only snapshots. And

> numbers of people

> studied are usually small and conducted over short

> periods of time.

> And the number of variables to consider is

> lengthy.

>

> If you were up to studying yourself, you could try

> each schedule for

> 2-3 weeks; keep detailed records of when, what,

> and how much you ate

> in relation to your exercise session as well as

> the variables of

> exercise; and monitor how your own blood sugar

> reacted.

>

> Perhaps Dr. Giarnella will have something to add.

>

> Merrick, M.A.

> Bellevue, NE

> ACSM HFI, NSCA CPT/CSCS, NASM CPT

>

>

> >

> > I'm wondering if anyone here knows the best use

> of exercise to

> control blood sugar. I understand that aerobic

> exercise lowers blood

> sugar. Is it better to exercise fifteen or twenty

> minutes several

> times a day, or to do it once for sixty minutes?

> Is it better to

> exercise right after eating, to lower blood sugar

> from food intake?

> Or does that matter? I have a treadmill, and if I

> understand

> correctly, a moderate pace, using 60% to 70% of

> maximum is better for

> lowering or maintaining blood sugar, but that's

> about all I know.

> > I'm doing weight training six days a week, but

> only two muscle

> groups a day, using the Eight Minutes In the

> Morning guide, because I

> have Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue, and Myofascial

> Pain Syndrome, and

> trying to do more causes pain and fatigue

> significant enough to make

> me stop. I have a treadmill, but I'm not sure what

> kind of aerobic

> schedule would be best for affecting blood sugar.

> >

> > Vicki Lockwood

> > Grant City, MO

>

>

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Dr. Giarnella:

Thank you so much for the answers. This helps me a lot.

So, if I understand correctly, every diabetic is different and I need to

experiment with foods and exercise and see what I can tolerate and what I need

to limit or eliminate. So, if I happen to eat something that spikes my bg, will

hitting the treadmill for 20 minutes affect it? I know you can't make guarantees

but if I experiment with food and my bg goes up, I want to be ready to do

something about it.

I really appreciate your time.

Vicki Lockwood

Grant City, MO

Re: Re: Exercise and Blood Sugar

<<<I am glad that you clarified the reasons for

controlling your glucose levels since it makes it much

easier to answer your question.

Based on the the numbers you posted it sounds like you

are at very early stage in your diabetes. I have

several hundred diabetics in my practice and I

emphasize with them that the most important part of

the treatment is lifestyle modification which includes

regular exercise, diet management and weight loss.

In the early phase of diabetes the most important

problem is insulin resistance. In this phase the

pancreas is often producing large amounts of Insulin

but the body is very resistant to its effects.

Insulin resistance has been shown to decrease with

weight loss (as little as 10 lbs can make a big

difference) and exercise.

Studies have shown that a single bout of exercise can

lower insulin resistance and that this effect may last

up to 48 hours. It is difficult to quantify for you

how much exercise, what volume or what intensity is

necessary to have the effect you desire. I can only

say the more daily exercise you can do the greater the

effect. I am on my lunch break right now and do not

have the time to go into greater detail right now.

The whole issue of Insulin resistance is very complex

and not fully understood but nevertheless very

interesting.

As for your testing of your sugars you may be testing

more than you need to.

I would suggest the following regimen for better

efficacy and to save some money.

Test in the fasting state (first thing in the

morning). This does not have to be done every day.

Your fasting glucose level should Ideally be less than

90 but 90-100 is acceptable and 100-110 is tolerable.

Test 1 hour after your meals. This is when your

glucose levels are going to be at the highest.

However you do not have to test after every meal.

For instance test after breakfast. Your blood glucose

should be no higher than 140-150 1 hr after any meal.

If the sugar falls below that range the next time you

have the same items for breakfast you do not have to

test- you can assume that you will probably be normal

each time you have the same breakfast.

Test 1 hour after lunch and 1 hour after supper. Make

note of what you had to eat and how much. If you find

that eating a certain type of meal or combination then

you do not have to test every time you eat that meal

or combination again. If you find that your glucose

levels are above 140-150 then try to determine what

item in the meal may have caused your glucose to rise.

The culprit will be a form of starch. Next time cut

back on the amount of starch.

I have had patients tell me that their glucose levels

are fine if they limit themselves to 1/2 potato but if

they eat the whole potato the sugar goes out of

control. Over time you will find out for yourself how

much you can tolerate. You may also find that as you

increase your exercise tolerance you glucose levels

for any given meal will begin to decrease.

Concerning your exercise- you can divide your exercise

bouts into 3 10 minute sessions through out day if you

are unable to exercise more than 10 minutes at a time.

Not all exercise has to be formal exercise in a gym

or treadmill. Whenever possible walk up stairs

instead of taking the elevator, park your car a little

farther away when shopping. Take a short walk before

or after meals etc.

If you have any detailed questions feel free to email

me personally.>>>

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I would like to add to my earlier post several more

thoughts.

I had not read your long post but congratulations are

in order for managing to lose the weight that you

lost.

Based on the glucose tests you reported I am not sure

that you fit the criteria for type II diabetes. The

basic criteria is a fasting glucose of greater than

125 or a post prandial blood sugar greater than 200.

You probably fit the diagnosis of Pre diabetes or

impaired fasting glucose. This is a very important

distinction since it has some very important short

term and long term repercussions.

In Pre diabetes or IFG the individual has increased

insulin resistance but the pancreas is able to

compensate for this increased insulin resistance by

producing much higher amounts of insulin and for this

reason the fasting glucose stays in the low 100 range.

As time goes on and this condition persists the

pancreas begins to fail and at some point it is no

longer able to compensate. When this occurs the blood

sugars begin to go above 125 in the fasting state and

can reach levels of 200-1000. Usually by the time

diabetes is diagnosed the patient has had signs of

impaired fasting glucose for up to 10 years and at the

time of diagnosis the pancreas has lost 50% of its

beta cells (the cells that produce insulin). At this

point the diabetes is irreversible.

The important point for you Vicki is that you can

prevent true diabetes by continuing to do what you are

doing. If you can increase your exercise tolerance,

especially the cardio, and continue to lose weight you

may never need medication and avoid all the bad

consequences of Diabetes.

My recommendation would be to slowly increase your

work on the treadmill or walking until you can

tolerate 30-45 minutes at a time and preferably a

total of 60 minutes daily.

You might start with a treadmill workout of 8-10

minutes 2-3 times daily and add 1 minute to each

session every 1-2 days. Walk at whatever speed you

can tolerate (go as slow as you have to) for that

length of time. Once you reach to 30 minutes for a

session (no matter how lon it takes) you can slowly

increase the speed of your walking.

You should try to lose 20-30 lbs a year over the next

2-3 years. If you can get your weight under 150 and

your exercise tolerance up to 60 minutes daily you may

never need medication to treat Diabetes. It is not

easy but as the old saying " you've come a long way

baby " (no offense intended) persistance will pay off

great dividends.

As for your diet I would simply recommend the South

Beach diet which is a moderate carb diet with emphasis

on fruits and vegetables as the main source of carbs.

I would skip to first two weeks of the diet since it

is too low in carbs and many find it very difficult.

It is important to emphasize smaller meals to avoid

overloading the pancreas and the body with too much

glucose in one sitting.

Diabetes is considered a cardiac disease since most

diabetics (80%) at some point develop severe cardiac

disease or stroke. The article I posted concerning

exercise for cardiac disease prevention applies to

diabetics as well.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington, CT

--- vicki lockwood

wrote:

> After reading your questions again, and my long post

> about my history, I realize I left out some answers.

> I'm type 2 diabetic. No meds so far. I was testing

> about once a week and my bg was never over 110.

> After seeing it at 151, I'm testing before I eat,

> right after I eat, and twenty to thirty minutes

> after I eat, though I don't know how long I'll be

> able to keep that up since the test strips cost

> money and we don't have much. I have about 70 strips

> left. After that I may be SOL.

>

> Vicki Lockwood

> Grant City, MO

>

> Re: Exercise and Blood

> Sugar

>

>

> Dear Vicki,

>

> We need a bit more of your history. Do you have

> diabetes? Type 1

> (insulin-dependent) or Type 2 (generally non

> insulin-dependent)? Are

> you taking any medication? How old are you and how

> much do you

> weigh? Do you regularly monitor your blood sugar?

> How often and

> when?

>

> In general, multiple bouts of exercise in a day,

> along with many

> small eating periods throughout the day will keep

> blood sugar more

> even. But there are MANY variables to consider,

> not the least of

> which is YOUR individual response.

>

> The difficulty with studies is that there is not

> continuous

> monitoring of blood sugar, only snapshots. And

> numbers of people

> studied are usually small and conducted over short

> periods of time.

> And the number of variables to consider is

> lengthy.

>

> If you were up to studying yourself, you could try

> each schedule for

> 2-3 weeks; keep detailed records of when, what,

> and how much you ate

> in relation to your exercise session as well as

> the variables of

> exercise; and monitor how your own blood sugar

> reacted.

>

> Perhaps Dr. Giarnella will have something to add.

>

> Merrick, M.A.

> Bellevue, NE

> ACSM HFI, NSCA CPT/CSCS, NASM CPT

>

>

> >

> > I'm wondering if anyone here knows the best use

> of exercise to

> control blood sugar. I understand that aerobic

> exercise lowers blood

> sugar. Is it better to exercise fifteen or twenty

> minutes several

> times a day, or to do it once for sixty minutes?

> Is it better to

> exercise right after eating, to lower blood sugar

> from food intake?

> Or does that matter? I have a treadmill, and if I

> understand

> correctly, a moderate pace, using 60% to 70% of

> maximum is better for

> lowering or maintaining blood sugar, but that's

> about all I know.

> > I'm doing weight training six days a week, but

> only two muscle

> groups a day, using the Eight Minutes In the

> Morning guide, because I

> have Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue, and Myofascial

> Pain Syndrome, and

> trying to do more causes pain and fatigue

> significant enough to make

> me stop. I have a treadmill, but I'm not sure what

> kind of aerobic

> schedule would be best for affecting blood sugar.

> >

> > Vicki Lockwood

> > Grant City, MO

>

>

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Hi Vicki

Congratulations on your weight loss. Just some thoughts that I hope may

contribute and I hope that others can help out here.

In a recent post by Ralph the improvement in health of cardiac patients and

in particular lifestyle through the dancing is wonderful. In addition

Carruthers posted two articles on training and neurobiology. In those posts

the researchers seemed to conclude that learning new exercises seemed to

help cognitive function of those tested and that this improved neural

ability helped improved cognitive function of people including those of

people suffering from Alzheimer's.

Putting two and two together, learning to waltz or ballroom dance with your

husband, may help both of you in that it may help with the neural cognitive

processes and help your exercise regime. Dancing is also fun and may

provide some relief for the difficulties that you must experience as a

couple living with Alzheimer's.

Regards

Nick Tatalias

Johannesburg

South Africa

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--- vicki lockwood

wrote:

> Dr. Giarnella:

> Thank you so much for the answers. This helps me a

> lot.

> So, if I understand correctly, every diabetic is

> different and I need to experiment with foods and

> exercise and see what I can tolerate and what I need

> to limit or eliminate. So, if I happen to eat

> something that spikes my bg, will hitting the

> treadmill for 20 minutes affect it? I know you can't

> make guarantees but if I experiment with food and my

> bg goes up, I want to be ready to do something about

> it.

>

> I really appreciate your time.

>

> Vicki Lockwood

> Grant City, MO

<<So, if I happen to eat something that spikes my bg,

will hitting the treadmill for 20 minutes affect it?>>

A simple answer to your question is yes, exercise will

help lower your blood sugar. With regards to food, I

tell my patients that it is not so much what you eat

but how much you eat at a given meal that affects your

blood glucose. The more active you are the easier it

will be to maintain proper levels of blood glucose

because physical activity helps to lower insulin

resistance.

The main function of Insulin is to maintain a normal

blood glucose level. In the normal individual this

blood glucose should be in the 70-90 range in the

fasting state. After a meal a normal individual can

expect the blood glucose to reach levels as high as

140 approximately 1 hr after a meal and return back to

below 100 approximately 2 hrs after a meal. These

numbers are only approximate since the rate of

absorption of nutrients is dependent on various

factors that affect the digestive tract. I alluded to

this in my previous post several months ago concerning

the digestion of foods.

I many individuals there is a condition known as

Insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a very

interesting and complex condition. The amount of

insulin resistance varies between individuals and

there are multiple factors that influence the degree

of insulin resistance.

There may be a genetic component to insulin

resistance, exercise or lack of exercise affects

insulin resistance, excess visceral fat increases

insulin resistance, muscle mass or lack of muscle mass

affects insulin resistance. Stress may increase

insulin resistance.

It is estimated that from the time of the early

manifestation of insulin resistance to onset of full

blown irreversible diabetes there may be a span of 10

years.

In the early stages of insulin resistance blood

sugars fall within the normal ranges noted above

because the pancreas is able to compensate by

producing more insulin. However over time the

pancreas begins to lose its ability to compensate and

is no longer able to produce enough insulin to

maintain a normal blood sugar. Why this occurs is not

fully understood but there are many factors that

contribute to this. It is estimated that by the time

the fasting blood sugars are found to be in the low

100 (100-110) the pancreas has lost about 10% of its

beta cells (the cells that produce insulin).

At this point the individual has a condition referred

to as Impaired Fasting Glucose. This is not Diabetes

but is often called pre-diabetes. Vicki, I believe,

based on the glucose numbers you reported, that you

are presently not a Diabetic but rather you are in the

pre-diabetes condition. The good news is that with

proper intervention, namely increased physical

activity and weight loss you can prevent the condition

from worsening, decrease your insulin resistance and

hopefully never become Diabetic, or at least delay the

onset for many years.

As I stated earlier Diabetes is diagnosed when the

fasting glucose exceeds 125 and glucose levels after

meals exceeds 200. At this point it is estimated that

the pancreas has lost approximately 50% of its beta

cells. The patient at this point will probably be on

several very expensive oral medications and have

numerous complications associated with Diabetes. If

the pancreas continues to lose beta cells and is no

longer able to produce Insulin the patient will become

a type I Diabetic and require insulin injections to

maintain proper blood glucose levels.

When I was in medical school in the late 60’s type II

diabetes was considered a disease only seen in

patients over the age of 60. Twenty years ago we

began seeing type II diabetes in patients in the their

40’s. We are now seeing type II diabetes in teens and

even in children. Why? Lack of physical activity and

obesity- This ,for the most part, is a very

preventable disease.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington, CT

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Dr. Giarnella:

This really is good news. I really appreciate your time. One more question and

I'll go away and leave you alone for a while. Thanksgiving is coming and

everyone knows what that means. So my question is, if I go crazy and eat

potatoes and dressing and pie and my bg goes up, will that one time do damage

that can't be reversed? I know the body can repair itself given the right

circumstances. I'm going to a friend's house for the holiday and I've already

seen the menu. I could graze all day, or eat like a...well...pig. Which is

worse? I guess that's two questions.

I've got to say I love this site. You're the second person here who has shared

info that has changed my life!!

Vicki Lockwood

Grant City, MO

Re: Exercise and Blood Sugar

--- vicki lockwood

wrote:

> Dr. Giarnella:

> Thank you so much for the answers. This helps me a

> lot.

> So, if I understand correctly, every diabetic is

> different and I need to experiment with foods and

> exercise and see what I can tolerate and what I need

> to limit or eliminate. So, if I happen to eat

> something that spikes my bg, will hitting the

> treadmill for 20 minutes affect it? I know you can't

> make guarantees but if I experiment with food and my

> bg goes up, I want to be ready to do something about

> it.

>

> I really appreciate your time.

>

> Vicki Lockwood

> Grant City, MO

<<So, if I happen to eat something that spikes my bg,

will hitting the treadmill for 20 minutes affect it?>>

A simple answer to your question is yes, exercise will

help lower your blood sugar. With regards to food, I

tell my patients that it is not so much what you eat

but how much you eat at a given meal that affects your

blood glucose. The more active you are the easier it

will be to maintain proper levels of blood glucose

because physical activity helps to lower insulin

resistance.

The main function of Insulin is to maintain a normal

blood glucose level. In the normal individual this

blood glucose should be in the 70-90 range in the

fasting state. After a meal a normal individual can

expect the blood glucose to reach levels as high as

140 approximately 1 hr after a meal and return back to

below 100 approximately 2 hrs after a meal. These

numbers are only approximate since the rate of

absorption of nutrients is dependent on various

factors that affect the digestive tract. I alluded to

this in my previous post several months ago concerning

the digestion of foods.

I many individuals there is a condition known as

Insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a very

interesting and complex condition. The amount of

insulin resistance varies between individuals and

there are multiple factors that influence the degree

of insulin resistance.

There may be a genetic component to insulin

resistance, exercise or lack of exercise affects

insulin resistance, excess visceral fat increases

insulin resistance, muscle mass or lack of muscle mass

affects insulin resistance. Stress may increase

insulin resistance.

It is estimated that from the time of the early

manifestation of insulin resistance to onset of full

blown irreversible diabetes there may be a span of 10

years.

In the early stages of insulin resistance blood

sugars fall within the normal ranges noted above

because the pancreas is able to compensate by

producing more insulin. However over time the

pancreas begins to lose its ability to compensate and

is no longer able to produce enough insulin to

maintain a normal blood sugar. Why this occurs is not

fully understood but there are many factors that

contribute to this. It is estimated that by the time

the fasting blood sugars are found to be in the low

100 (100-110) the pancreas has lost about 10% of its

beta cells (the cells that produce insulin).

At this point the individual has a condition referred

to as Impaired Fasting Glucose. This is not Diabetes

but is often called pre-diabetes. Vicki, I believe,

based on the glucose numbers you reported, that you

are presently not a Diabetic but rather you are in the

pre-diabetes condition. The good news is that with

proper intervention, namely increased physical

activity and weight loss you can prevent the condition

from worsening, decrease your insulin resistance and

hopefully never become Diabetic, or at least delay the

onset for many years.

As I stated earlier Diabetes is diagnosed when the

fasting glucose exceeds 125 and glucose levels after

meals exceeds 200. At this point it is estimated that

the pancreas has lost approximately 50% of its beta

cells. The patient at this point will probably be on

several very expensive oral medications and have

numerous complications associated with Diabetes. If

the pancreas continues to lose beta cells and is no

longer able to produce Insulin the patient will become

a type I Diabetic and require insulin injections to

maintain proper blood glucose levels.

When I was in medical school in the late 60's type II

diabetes was considered a disease only seen in

patients over the age of 60. Twenty years ago we

began seeing type II diabetes in patients in the their

40's. We are now seeing type II diabetes in teens and

even in children. Why? Lack of physical activity and

obesity- This ,for the most part, is a very

preventable disease.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington, CT

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The following article may help with this discussion.

Ralph Giarnella MD

Southington, CT

*************

Exercise and Calorie Cutting Lower Diabetes Risk

Equally

 

By Neil Osterweil, MedPage Today Staff Writer

Reviewed by Zalman S. Agus, MD; Emeritus Professor at

the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.

November 08, 2006

 

Review

ST. LOUIS, Nov. 8 -- Eat less? Exercise more? For

diabetes prevention, it's a toss up.

Decreasing caloric intake and increasing activity are

equally effective at improving glucose tolerance and

insulin sensitivity, reported researchers here.

" Both diet and exercise provide profound benefits to

reduce the risk of diabetes, " said Weiss,

Ph.D., of Saint Louis University, and colleagues.

" Both those who restrict calories and those who

exercise benefit from weight loss. "

" We thought exercise probably would produce greater

benefits, " Dr. Weiss said. " But both of these are

providing beneficial health improvements. "

In a year-long study, Dr. Weiss and colleagues

evaluated nonobese, healthy adults in their 50s who

were part of a longevity study. The participants were

at the high end of normal in terms of body mass index.

The investigators wanted to see whether energy

expenditures achieved through exercise could both

produce weight loss and further improve glucose

tolerance and insulin action through mechanisms

independent of weight loss.

They enrolled 46 sedentary men and women from the ages

of 50 to 60 with BMIs of 23.5-29.9 kg/m2. The

participants were randomly assigned to either 12

months of exercise training or 12 months of calories

restriction (18 in each group).

The remaining 10 participants were assigned to a

healthy lifestyle intervention as controls. The

intervention consisted of advice for a healthy diet if

requested, plus free passes to an offsite yoga

facility to use at their option, although few took

advantage of the classes or advice, the investigators

noted.

All participants underwent oral glucose tolerance

tests at baseline and at 12 months to measure insulin

sensitivity and areas under the curve for both glucose

and insulin. The investigators also measured the

glucoregulatory factors adiponectin and tumor necrosis

factor ?, and used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to

measure fat mass.

Members of the caloric restriction group met weekly

with a dietitian who helped them with individual meal

plans, portion-size reduction, and substitution of

low-calorie density foods for high-calorie ones. The

goal was a 16% reduction in calorie intake for the

first three months, and a 20% restriction for the

remainder. The dieters were monitored with food

diaries and with the doubly labeled water test, a

measure of metabolism.

The exercise group members met weekly with an exercise

trainer and had open access to a fitness center. They

exercised for 60 to 90 minutes daily and tracked their

progress on a heart-rate monitor that also recorded

calories burned.

" As they got fit, the treadmill could be speeded up, "

Dr. Weiss said. " They could exercise on a steeper

grade and they could burn more calories. All of them

learned very quickly the most efficient way to burn

more calories was through cardio. If they pushed

themselves, the numbers added up quickly. "

The authors found that while the exercisers had more

rapid results, there were no significant differences

in energy deficits between the exercise and diet

groups at one year, as shown by changes in body weight

and fat mass.

In both the exercise and caloric restriction groups

the insulin sensitivity index increased and the

glucose and insulin areas under the curve decreased

from baseline to the end of the study. There were no

significant differences between exercisers and

dieters. Among controls, however, insulin sensitivity,

glucose, and insulin measured remained unchanged at

one year.

In addition, there were " marginally significant "

increases in adiponectin, and decreases in the ratio

of TNF-? to adiponectin among the exercisers and

calorie cutters, but not among controls.

The authors concluded that " weight loss induced by

exercise training or calorie restriction improves

glucose tolerance and insulin action in non-obese,

healthy, middle-aged men and women. However,

exercise-induced weight loss does not appear to be

greater than that induced by calorie restriction. "

Dr. Weiss said that it's still not known whether the

combination of exercise and caloric restriction will

be able to provide greater benefits that either

intervention alone.

The research was funded by the National Institutes of

Health.

Primary source: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Source reference:

Weiss EP et al. " Improvements in glucose tolerance and

insulin action induced by increasing energy

expenditure or decreasing energy intake: a randomized

controlled trial. " Am J Clin Nutr; 84: 1033

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