PQQ - S

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http://www.aor.ca/news.asp

Found this while looking for something else...might be worthwhile to

take a look....

animal studies suggest that PQQ may have potent antioxidant and anti-

inflammatory effects.[14] Other studies have found that PQQ is an

effective neuroprotectant, reducing damage to the brain during

simulated stroke,[15] reducing the duration of chemically-induced

convulsions,[16] and protecting brain cells against the " excitotoxic "

overstimulation of brain cells by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)

receptor. [17,18] An important related finding is that PQQ enhances

the biosynthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF), a key protein involved

in the growth and survival of neurons. [19] (The NGF-enhancing effect

has so far only been observed directly in isolated cells: in the

whole organism, only its glycine-bound form appeared to be active.

[19] Yet the glycine-bound form is formed so readily in the presence

of glycine [20,21] as to make you optimistic that this benefit, too,

may be realized). And what about the mitochondrial effects of PQQ?

These appear to be totally unrelated to the lysine-metabolizing role,

and instead may be an essential cofactor to a protein in Complex I of

the mitochondrial energy-generating proton-pumping system.[22] There

is even evidence that much of the debility that strikes victims of

lead poisoning may be due to its interference with this novel PQQ

enzyme function.[23]