Re: spirochetes, candida, penicillin, Flagyl, all related to dental infections

[Guest guest]

Penny

These studies really annoy me because without fail you find

pseudonomads aueriganosa in the vicinity of bad teeth. Then the

centre of the tooth is staph positiveand the high numbers of staphs

are everywhere... -amazing!! they don't even get a mention?Also the

number of oral spirochetes is also amazing.I don't know what they

are doing when they culture, it basically doesn't fall inot line

with everything we have observed on all those culture reports from

all those people in the NICO sites..

It brings back memories of the mayo clinic and the fungus sinus

report. the latest from mayo on the sinus issue is something about

the slime and the proteins, no fungus or bacteria are implicated,

there's a little change of culture down there at the mayo.

> Interesting studies on endontic infections from OSU school of

dentistry. Here's just a few, covering everything from succesfully

using metronidazole (flagyl) and penicillin, to the presence of

spirochetes and candida, and actinomyces.

>

> More studies can be found at:

> http://www.ohsu.edu/sod/endo/endo_publications.html

>

> " Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Associated with Endodontic

Abscesses "

>

> J. Craig Baumgartner, DDS, PhD, Tian Xia, DDS. J Endodon 29:44-47.

> January 2003.

>

> Antibiotics to treat endodontic infections are routinely prescribed

> based on previously published susceptibility tests. There is

> increased concern that bacteria have increased resistance to the

> currently recommended antibiotics. The purpose of this

investigation

> was to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests on a panel of

> bacteria recently isolated from endodontic infections. The bacteria

> in this study were aseptically aspirated with a needle from

> endodontic abscesses, cultivated, and identified at the species

> level. Each of the 98 species of bacteria was tested for antibiotic

> susceptibility to a panel of six antibiotics using the Etest. The

> antibiotics were penicillin V, amoxicillin, amoxicillin +

clavulanic

> acid, clindamycin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin. The

> percentages of susceptibility for the 98 species were penicillin V

& shy;

> 83/98 (85%), amoxicillin & shy; (89/98) 91%, amoxicillin +

clavulanic acid

> (98/98) 100%, clindamycin & shy; 94/98 (96%), metronidazole & shy;

44/98 (45%).

> Metronidazole had the greatest amount of bacterial resistance,

> however, if it is used in combination with penicillin V or

> amoxicillin, susceptibility of the combination with penicillin V or

> amoxicillin increased to 93% and 99% respectively. Clarithromycin

> appears to have efficacy but it is still considered an antibiotic

> under investigation because the minimum inhibitory concentration

has

> not been established.

>

> Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and

their antimicrobial susceptibility.

>

> Saengusa Khemaleelakul, J. C. Baumgartner, Sumalee Pruksakorn.

> Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 94:746-755.

> December 2002.

>

> Purpose: To identify the bacterial composition of the microbiota

> from acute endodontic abscesses/cellulitis and their antimicrobial

> susceptibilities.

> Study design: Purulence from 17 patients with acute endodontic

> abscesses/cellulitis was obtained by needle aspiration and

processed

> under anaerobic conditions. Bacteria were isolated and identified

by

> biochemical or molecular methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility

> of isolated bacteria was determined by using the Etest.

> Results: All 17 aspirates contained a mix of microorganisms. The

> mean number of strains per sample was 7.6 (range 3-13). The average

> number of viable bacteria was 6.37 x 107 (range 104-108) CFU/ml.

> Strict anaerobes and microaerophillics were the dominant bacteria

in

> 82.35% (14/17). The genera of bacteria most frequently encountered

> were Prevotella and Streptococcus. The combination of Prevotella

and

> Streptococcus was found in 52.94% (9/17). The previously

> reported " uncultured Prevotella clone PUS 9.180 " was frequently

> identified. The percentage of bacteria susceptible/intermediate for

> each antibiotic in this study was penicillin V: 79.84% (99/124),

> metronidazole: 41.94% (52/124), amoxicillin: 84.68% (105/124),

> amoxicillin+clavulanic acid: 100% (124/124), and clindamycin:

88.71%

> (110/124).

> Conclusion: The present results confirm the existence of mixed

> infection with the predominance of anaerobic bacteria in acute

> endodontic abscesses/cellulitis. The frequency of " uncultured

> Prevotella clone PUS 9.180 " suggests the possible key role of this

> Prevotella species in acute endodontic infections. Penicillin V

> still possesses antimicrobial activity against the majority of

> bacteria isolated from acute endodontic infections. However, if

> penicillin V therapy has failed to be effective, the combination of

> penicillin V with metronidazole or amoxicillin with clavulanic acid

> is recommended. Switching to clindamycin is another good

alternative.

>

> Identification of Spirochetes (Treponemes) in Endodontic Infections

>

> J. Craig Baumgartner, DDS, PhD, Saeng-usa Khemaleelakul, DDS, Tian

> Xia, DDS. J Endodon 29:794-797. December, 2003.

>

> The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of

> spirochetes in asymptomatic infected root canals and in endodontic

> abscesses/cellulitis. Aseptic clinical samples were collected using

> paper points from 54 infected root canals and from aspirates of 84

> abscesses/cellulitis. Oligonucleotide primers were produced for PCR

> identification of Treponema vincentii, T. pectinovorum, T. medium,

> T. amylovorum, T. denticola, T. maltophilum, and T. socranskii. PCR

> detected spirochetes in 51/84 (60.7%) of the samples from

> abscesses/cellulitis and in 20/54 (37.0%) of the samples from

> asymptomatic infected root canals. T. socranskii was the most

> frequently detected (44.9%), followed by T. maltophilum (29.7%), T.

> denticola (28.9%), T. pectinovorum (13.7%) and T. vincentii (5.1%).

> The number of treponema species detected ranged from 1 to 5 species

> per sample. The mean numbers of species detected were 2.3 in

> abscesses/cellulitis and 2.6 in infected root canals. Significance

> association among species were found between T. maltophilum and T.

> socranskii, as well as between T. maltophilum and T. denticola by

> determining the odds ratio ( > 2.0).

>

> Occurrence of Candida albicans in infections of endontic origin

>

> J. C. Baumgartner, C.M. Watts, T. Xia

> J. Endodon 26:695-696. December, 2000.

>

> Microorganisms are recognized as the etiologic agent for the

> majority of pulpal and periradicular disease. Although bacteria

have

> been the most studied, fungi have also been associated with

infected

> root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contents

> of infected root canals and aspirates of cellulitis/abscesses of

> endodontic origin for the presence of Candida albicans using

> polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR primers specific for the 16S

> ribosomal RNA gene of Candida albicans were used to survey 24

> samples taken from infected root canals and 19 aspirates from

> periradicular infections of endodontic origins. The results of the

> survey detected the presence of Candida albicans in five of twenty-

> four (21%) samples taken from root canals, but none were detected

in

> the periradicular aspirates. The results indicate that PCR is an

> extremely sensitive molecular method that may be used to identify

> Candida albicans directly in samples from infections of endodontic

> origin.

>

> Occurrence of Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii and

> Actinomyces viscosus in Infections of endodontic origin.

>

> Tian Xia, J. C. Baumgartner. J Endodon September 2003.

>

> Periapical actinomycosis has been repeatedly identified in cases of

> failed endodontic therapy often resistant to clinical treatment.

> Actinomyces are found in 11% infected root canals, which are the

> primary port of entry for Actinomyces organisms into the periapical

> tissue. Specie-specific primers and a pair of universal primer for

> Actinomycetales order were designed to evaluate the contents of

> infected root canals and aspirates of cellulites/abscesses of

> endodontic origin for the presence of Actinomyces israelii,

> Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus and microorganisms in

> Actinomycetales order using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR

> reactions were run with the DNA extracted from 131 clinical

samples.

> The results show that Actinomyces israelii was found in 23.7%

> (31/131) of clinical samples. Of those 25.6% (11/43) were from

> abscesses, 16.7% (6/36) were associated with cellulites, and 26.9%

> (14/52) were from infected root canals. Actinomyces naeslundii was

> found in 8.5% (11/129) of clinical samples. Of those 4.2% (2/48)

> were from abscesses, 6.7% (2/30) were associated with cellulites,

> and 13.7% (7/51) were from infected root canals. Actinomyces

> viscosus was found in 32.1% (42/131) of clinical samples. Of those

> 14% (6/43) were from abscesses, 13.9% (5/36) were associated with

> cellulites, and 59.6% (31/52) were from infected root canals.

> Microorganisms of Actinomycetales order was found in 55.8% (72/129)

> of clinical samples. Of those 45.8% (22/48) were from abscesses,

30%

> (9/30) were associated with cellulites, and 80.4% (41/51) were from

> infected root canals.

[Guest guest]

Tony, every study has a specific goal and narrow parameters.

Otherwise it's not science. They can't cover everything in one

study. Saying that, I agree it's silly how they completely missed S.

aureus, the number one bone bacteria. But that's not really the

point. There's still interesting stuff to learn there.

penny

> > Interesting studies on endontic infections from OSU school of

> dentistry. Here's just a few, covering everything from succesfully

> using metronidazole (flagyl) and penicillin, to the presence of

> spirochetes and candida, and actinomyces.

> >

> > More studies can be found at:

> > http://www.ohsu.edu/sod/endo/endo_publications.html

> >

> > " Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria Associated with

Endodontic

> Abscesses "

> >

> > J. Craig Baumgartner, DDS, PhD, Tian Xia, DDS. J Endodon 29:44-

47.

> > January 2003.

> >

> > Antibiotics to treat endodontic infections are routinely

prescribed

> > based on previously published susceptibility tests. There is

> > increased concern that bacteria have increased resistance to the

> > currently recommended antibiotics. The purpose of this

> investigation

> > was to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests on a panel of

> > bacteria recently isolated from endodontic infections. The

bacteria

> > in this study were aseptically aspirated with a needle from

> > endodontic abscesses, cultivated, and identified at the species

> > level. Each of the 98 species of bacteria was tested for

antibiotic

> > susceptibility to a panel of six antibiotics using the Etest. The

> > antibiotics were penicillin V, amoxicillin, amoxicillin +

> clavulanic

> > acid, clindamycin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin. The

> > percentages of susceptibility for the 98 species were penicillin

V

> & shy;

> > 83/98 (85%), amoxicillin & shy; (89/98) 91%, amoxicillin +

> clavulanic acid

> > (98/98) 100%, clindamycin & shy; 94/98 (96%), metronidazole & shy;

> 44/98 (45%).

> > Metronidazole had the greatest amount of bacterial resistance,

> > however, if it is used in combination with penicillin V or

> > amoxicillin, susceptibility of the combination with penicillin V

or

> > amoxicillin increased to 93% and 99% respectively. Clarithromycin

> > appears to have efficacy but it is still considered an antibiotic

> > under investigation because the minimum inhibitory concentration

> has

> > not been established.

> >

> > Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and

> their antimicrobial susceptibility.

> >

> > Saengusa Khemaleelakul, J. C. Baumgartner, Sumalee Pruksakorn.

> > Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 94:746-755.

> > December 2002.

> >

> > Purpose: To identify the bacterial composition of the microbiota

> > from acute endodontic abscesses/cellulitis and their

antimicrobial

> > susceptibilities.

> > Study design: Purulence from 17 patients with acute endodontic

> > abscesses/cellulitis was obtained by needle aspiration and

> processed

> > under anaerobic conditions. Bacteria were isolated and

identified

> by

> > biochemical or molecular methods. The antimicrobial

susceptibility

> > of isolated bacteria was determined by using the Etest.

> > Results: All 17 aspirates contained a mix of microorganisms. The

> > mean number of strains per sample was 7.6 (range 3-13). The

average

> > number of viable bacteria was 6.37 x 107 (range 104-108) CFU/ml.

> > Strict anaerobes and microaerophillics were the dominant

bacteria

> in

> > 82.35% (14/17). The genera of bacteria most frequently

encountered

> > were Prevotella and Streptococcus. The combination of Prevotella

> and

> > Streptococcus was found in 52.94% (9/17). The previously

> > reported " uncultured Prevotella clone PUS 9.180 " was frequently

> > identified. The percentage of bacteria susceptible/intermediate

for

> > each antibiotic in this study was penicillin V: 79.84% (99/124),

> > metronidazole: 41.94% (52/124), amoxicillin: 84.68% (105/124),

> > amoxicillin+clavulanic acid: 100% (124/124), and clindamycin:

> 88.71%

> > (110/124).

> > Conclusion: The present results confirm the existence of mixed

> > infection with the predominance of anaerobic bacteria in acute

> > endodontic abscesses/cellulitis. The frequency of " uncultured

> > Prevotella clone PUS 9.180 " suggests the possible key role of

this

> > Prevotella species in acute endodontic infections. Penicillin V

> > still possesses antimicrobial activity against the majority of

> > bacteria isolated from acute endodontic infections. However, if

> > penicillin V therapy has failed to be effective, the combination

of

> > penicillin V with metronidazole or amoxicillin with clavulanic

acid

> > is recommended. Switching to clindamycin is another good

> alternative.

> >

> > Identification of Spirochetes (Treponemes) in Endodontic

Infections

> >

> > J. Craig Baumgartner, DDS, PhD, Saeng-usa Khemaleelakul, DDS,

Tian

> > Xia, DDS. J Endodon 29:794-797. December, 2003.

> >

> > The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of

> > spirochetes in asymptomatic infected root canals and in

endodontic

> > abscesses/cellulitis. Aseptic clinical samples were collected

using

> > paper points from 54 infected root canals and from aspirates of

84

> > abscesses/cellulitis. Oligonucleotide primers were produced for

PCR

> > identification of Treponema vincentii, T. pectinovorum, T.

medium,

> > T. amylovorum, T. denticola, T. maltophilum, and T. socranskii.

PCR

> > detected spirochetes in 51/84 (60.7%) of the samples from

> > abscesses/cellulitis and in 20/54 (37.0%) of the samples from

> > asymptomatic infected root canals. T. socranskii was the most

> > frequently detected (44.9%), followed by T. maltophilum (29.7%),

T.

> > denticola (28.9%), T. pectinovorum (13.7%) and T. vincentii

(5.1%).

> > The number of treponema species detected ranged from 1 to 5

species

> > per sample. The mean numbers of species detected were 2.3 in

> > abscesses/cellulitis and 2.6 in infected root canals.

Significance

> > association among species were found between T. maltophilum and

T.

> > socranskii, as well as between T. maltophilum and T. denticola by

> > determining the odds ratio ( > 2.0).

> >

> > Occurrence of Candida albicans in infections of endontic origin

> >

> > J. C. Baumgartner, C.M. Watts, T. Xia

> > J. Endodon 26:695-696. December, 2000.

> >

> > Microorganisms are recognized as the etiologic agent for the

> > majority of pulpal and periradicular disease. Although bacteria

> have

> > been the most studied, fungi have also been associated with

> infected

> > root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the

contents

> > of infected root canals and aspirates of cellulitis/abscesses of

> > endodontic origin for the presence of Candida albicans using

> > polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR primers specific for the 16S

> > ribosomal RNA gene of Candida albicans were used to survey 24

> > samples taken from infected root canals and 19 aspirates from

> > periradicular infections of endodontic origins. The results of

the

> > survey detected the presence of Candida albicans in five of

twenty-

> > four (21%) samples taken from root canals, but none were

detected

> in

> > the periradicular aspirates. The results indicate that PCR is an

> > extremely sensitive molecular method that may be used to identify

> > Candida albicans directly in samples from infections of

endodontic

> > origin.

> >

> > Occurrence of Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii and

> > Actinomyces viscosus in Infections of endodontic origin.

> >

> > Tian Xia, J. C. Baumgartner. J Endodon September 2003.

> >

> > Periapical actinomycosis has been repeatedly identified in cases

of

> > failed endodontic therapy often resistant to clinical treatment.

> > Actinomyces are found in 11% infected root canals, which are the

> > primary port of entry for Actinomyces organisms into the

periapical

> > tissue. Specie-specific primers and a pair of universal primer

for

> > Actinomycetales order were designed to evaluate the contents of

> > infected root canals and aspirates of cellulites/abscesses of

> > endodontic origin for the presence of Actinomyces israelii,

> > Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus and microorganisms

in

> > Actinomycetales order using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR

> > reactions were run with the DNA extracted from 131 clinical

> samples.

> > The results show that Actinomyces israelii was found in 23.7%

> > (31/131) of clinical samples. Of those 25.6% (11/43) were from

> > abscesses, 16.7% (6/36) were associated with cellulites, and

26.9%

> > (14/52) were from infected root canals. Actinomyces naeslundii

was

> > found in 8.5% (11/129) of clinical samples. Of those 4.2% (2/48)

> > were from abscesses, 6.7% (2/30) were associated with cellulites,

> > and 13.7% (7/51) were from infected root canals. Actinomyces

> > viscosus was found in 32.1% (42/131) of clinical samples. Of

those

> > 14% (6/43) were from abscesses, 13.9% (5/36) were associated with

> > cellulites, and 59.6% (31/52) were from infected root canals.

> > Microorganisms of Actinomycetales order was found in 55.8%

(72/129)

> > of clinical samples. Of those 45.8% (22/48) were from abscesses,

> 30%

> > (9/30) were associated with cellulites, and 80.4% (41/51) were

from

> > infected root canals.