Re: more on plastids--eric esp.- Tricolsan

[Guest guest]

OK I know about this because of having horses all my life.

Triclosan is a mild antibiotic that used to be used in some topicals.

It's EXTREMELY toxic to fish and beneficial algae - so it sort of

fell out of favor.

Chlorohexidine solution is used instead - at least for horses - and

it used to be used as a scrub for dentists. I buy this stuff by the

quart.

Recent reference:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?

cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstract & list_uids=12402134 & query_hl=1

> > I hope you have time to read all this stuff on plastids.

> > Its way cool.

> >

> > http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/68/3/334

> >

> > I'm pretty sure bab microti will have plastids.

> > I'm going to email a couple babs experts and see what they think.

> > Don't see why this hasn't been tried in mep/zith failures.

> >

> > maybe you could use arthemos, and fosmidomycin. Maybe five days

of

> > that would be okay, if I can't tolerate the larium-like drug in

> > riamet. Or follow up with some fosmidoymycin. Who knows. Got to

> think

> > this out thoroughly. Its strange how SOME coinfected folk cannot

get

> > rid of their babs.

[Guest guest]

I believe these may be relevant for Jill's interest in triclosan and

babs.

Parasitol Res. 2004 Sep;94(1):37-48. Epub 2004 Jul 29. Related

Articles, Compound via MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

The efficacy of inhibitors involved in spermidine metabolism in

Plasmodium falciparum, Anopheles stephensi and Trypanosoma evansi.

Moritz E, Seidensticker S, Gottwald A, Maier W, Hoerauf A, Njuguna

JT, Kaiser A.

Institut fur Medizinische Parasitologie, Sigmund Freud Strasse 25,

53105 Bonn, Germany.

In the present study, we have tested the effect of different

polyamine inhibitors of the spermidine metabolizing enzymes

deoxyhypusine synthase and homospermidine synthase in different

chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains, in the mosquito

Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) and in a Trypanosoma evansi

clone I from strain STIB 806 K China. Recent experiments have shown

that agmatine is a growth inhibitor of the malaria parasite P.

falciparum (Kaiser et al. 2001) in vitro. A comparison of agmatine

efficacy with the new antimalarials artemisinin, triclosan and

conventional chloroquine showed similar or even better results on

the basis of growth inhibition and the reduction of developmental

forms. However, no effect of triclosan or agmatine was observed at

the ribonucleic acid level. In a second set of experiments, we

tested the effect of 1,7-diaminoheptane and agmatine on oocyst

formation in A. stephensi after infection with Plasmodium yoelii.

Agmatine had an antisporozoite effect since 1,000 microM led to a

59.5% inhibition of oocysts. A much weaker inhibitor of oocyst

formation was 1,7-diaminoheptane. The most effective in in vitro

inhibition of T. evansi was dicyclohexylamine, an inhibitor of

spermidine biosynthesis with an IC(50 ) value of 47.44 microM and

the deoxyhypusine inhibitor 1,7-diaminoheptane with an IC(50) value

of 47.80 microM. However, both drugs were ineffective in in vivo

experiments in a Trypanosoma mouse model. Two different spermidine

analogues, 1,8-diaminooctane and 1,3-diaminopropane with IC(50)

values of 171 microM and 181.37 microM, respectively, were moderate

inhibitors in vitro and ineffective in vivo.

PMID: 15278440 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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2: Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Nov;253(1-2):55-63. Related Articles,

Compound via MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Triclosan: a shot in the arm for antimalarial chemotherapy.

Rao SP, Surolia A, Surolia N.

Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore,

India.

In order that malaria be successfully contained, it is important

that one has a clear understanding of the normal physiology and

biochemistry of the parasite essential to its survival in its human

host. Until very recently, the conventional approaches to

antimalarial chemotherapy have consistently been plagued with the

uncanny ability of the parasite to evolve resistance to drugs. The

recently discovered plasmodial fatty acid biosynthetic pathway as

well as its inhibition by triclosan that classifies it as belonging

to type II, provide with a very crucial breakthrough to the crusade

against malaria. How triclosan could tilt the balance in favor of

the human hosts of the malarial parasite in a malarial condition is

discussed.

Publication Types:

Review

Review, Tutorial

PMID: 14619956 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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3: Int J Pharm. 2002 Mar 20;235(1-2):229-36. Related Articles,

Compound via MeSH, Substance via MeSH, Books, LinkOut

Triclosan: release from transdermal adhesive formulations and in

vitro permeation across human epidermal membranes.

Chedgzoy P, Winckle G, Heard CM.

Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, CF10 3XF, Cardiff, UK.

Malarial resistance is an escalating global problem and consequently

new and more efficacious treatments to combat malaria are urgently

needed. The transdermal delivery of anti-malarials may provide an

effective alternative or adjunct to conventional regimens. Triclosan

is widely used as an anti-bacterial agent and it has recently been

demonstrated that this compound has anti-malarial properties. Its

high lipophilicity makes it a potential candidate for delivery

across the skin and this paper examines in vitro the potential for

the transdermal delivery of triclosan from 'drug-in-glue'

formulations. Model patches were prepared using DuroTak 2287, 2516

and 2051 acrylic polymer adhesives loaded with 0, 30 and 50 mg per

0.785 cm(-2) triclosan and dissolution was measured over a 12-h

period. There was no apparent difference between the adhesives at

the 30 mg patch loading, but at 50 mg, the trend for increased

release was 2051>2516>2287. No significant burst effect was

apparent. Patches of 50 mg per 0.785 cm2 were then used to determine

the permeation of triclosan across heat-separated human epidermal

membranes in Franz diffusion cells, over a period of 48 h. The above

general trend was reflected in the steady state flux values

obtained: 2051:16.91 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1) (S.E.M. 1.29),

2516:15.05 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1) (S.E.M. 1.00), 2287 12.83 microg

x cm(-2) x h(-1) (S.E.M. 2.81). Although pharmacokinetic data are

not currently available to permit calculation of an efficacious

patch size, the transdermal delivery of triclosan is feasible.

PMID: 11879757 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

> > > I hope you have time to read all this stuff on plastids.

> > > Its way cool.

> > >

> > > http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/68/3/334

> > >

> > > I'm pretty sure bab microti will have plastids.

> > > I'm going to email a couple babs experts and see what they

think.

> > > Don't see why this hasn't been tried in mep/zith failures.

> > >

> > > maybe you could use arthemos, and fosmidomycin. Maybe five

days

> of

> > > that would be okay, if I can't tolerate the larium-like drug

in

> > > riamet. Or follow up with some fosmidoymycin. Who knows. Got

to

> > think

> > > this out thoroughly. Its strange how SOME coinfected folk

cannot

> get

> > > rid of their babs.

[Guest guest]

Thanx but I am confused...I talked of fosmidomycin...I didn't

know about triclosan...

> > > > I hope you have time to read all this stuff on plastids.

> > > > Its way cool.

> > > >

> > > > http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/full/68/3/334

> > > >

> > > > I'm pretty sure bab microti will have plastids.

> > > > I'm going to email a couple babs experts and see what they

> think.

> > > > Don't see why this hasn't been tried in mep/zith failures.

> > > >

> > > > maybe you could use arthemos, and fosmidomycin. Maybe five

> days

> > of

> > > > that would be okay, if I can't tolerate the larium-like drug

> in

> > > > riamet. Or follow up with some fosmidoymycin. Who knows. Got

> to

> > > think

> > > > this out thoroughly. Its strange how SOME coinfected folk

> cannot

> > get

> > > > rid of their babs.