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Just incase you didn't get the attachement of my case

study. I'm going to put it on here below.

CASE STUDY REPORT

Student’s Name: Dunning Inclusive Dates of

Study: 9/99 – 6/22/02

Child’s Name: Christian G. School: Slaughter

Elementary School

Child’s Age/ 10 years, 9 months Age Group: 6-10 year

olds

Birth Date: Sept. 12, 1991

I. Reason for Choosing This Child

I chose Christian for my case study because he’s the

exceptional student that I know the best. In the fall

of 1999, I was a senior and I co-oped at Slaughter

Elementary every other day for 2 hours. There were

only a few children in the class, so I saw Christian a

lot. In the spring of 2000, I co-oped every other day

for the whole day at Slaughter. Spending all day

there really made me learn a lot about the kids. The

teacher told me and Christian’s Mom that we were

neighbors. She recommended me as a babysitter, so I

started babysitting for Christian. The teacher is

part of an autistic support group, and she recommended

me to babysit other autistic kids in our town. I’ve

babysat four other autistic children. I’ve probably

babysat Christian 75 times in the past 2 ½ years, from

an hour to 7 hours. I’ve really grown to know and

care about Christian and his family. Also from my

co-oping and babysitting, I am very interested in

autism.

II. Child’s Outstanding Characteristics

Christian is a 10 year 9 month old boy. He is white

and has pale skin. He is 4’10” and weighs 85 pounds.

He has straight black hair and dark brown eyes. His

face looks a lot like his other brother’s. His

stomach is large compared to the rest of him. He is

right-handed. He has wide feet and mostly wears

sandals. He talks very little. Christian is partly

potty-trained and wears Pullups. The first time I

babysat Christian at his house, his mother told me

that he doesn’t like clothes touching his skin. He

wears clothes to school, but as soon as he gets home,

he takes off his clothes and is just in his Pullups.

For clothes at school, he wears pants with elastic at

the waist that can be pulled up. Christian is almost

always moving. At home in the summer he swims in his

pool. His Pullups get wet, so he takes them off and

doesn’t wear a bathing suit. Christian sometimes

smiles and giggles. In general, his eye contact with

people and communication with others is very limited.

However, I have seen more eye contact in the last year

when someone is talking to him. He seems to be able

to focus for short periods of time, particularly when

he is tired. That might seem unusual, but I believe

as he tires, his body becomes calmer and he is able to

focus better. He does not socialize with other

children. Most of the time Christian is silent. He

is autistic.

III. History and Background

Christian lives with both parents and his brother.

According to his mother, his brother has no

developmental problems, and is two years older than

Christian. He goes to a private Christian school.

The mom’s name is Terri and she stays at home during

the day. The dad is from an Italian family, and is a

chiropractor. He works until about 7 p.m. every day.

Christian stays up late enough to allow his Dad to

have plenty of time with him on a daily basis. Also,

his dad takes him places, like out to rent a movie.

In the fall of 2000, the family adopted a Russian

orphan girl named Isabella. Christian’s mom told me

she was undernourished and knew no English. She was 3

½ years old at the time. She knew no English but

within a year and a half, her English is

understandable and her vocabulary is growing. There

are 3 pets, 2 cats and a large dog. The cat is

diabetic and the Mom needs to give it shots each day.

Christian’s family is upper-middle class. Their

house is 2-story brick in a country club community.

They have really nice furniture. The Mom drives a new

Ford Expedition and the Dad drives a Ford Explorer.

Mom says Christian and his sister like the flip-down

TV in her car, and it keeps them busy. They have a

fenced pool and a playground in their backyard. The

backyard is also fenced. The family takes Christian

to events that are not too noisy or too stimulating,

according the Mom. Those events include fun days in

the McKinney Town Square, the balloon fest in Plano,

Mcs, and Towne Lake. They hire a babysitter to

stay with Christian when they feel the activity is too

stimulating or too long, such as going to the movie

theater, going to his brother’s baseball practice and

games, or a long party. They have the money needed to

pay a babysitter. In the past Christian did not go to

church, but in the last year he has often attended a

40-minute Sunday School class. Mom has told me that

their family tries to spend one-on-one time with each

child. That means Mom has her alone time with each

child, and Dad has his own alone time with each child.

I asked the teacher at Slaughter to give me

information on prenatal, infant and toddler history

for Christian. I also asked if Christian was

breastfed or bottle-fed, and when they realized

Christian was autistic. The teacher told me Christian

entered the autistic classroom at age 3. He went to

PPCD. Then he came to Slaughter. Other than that,

the teacher said I would have to get information

directly from Terri, Christian’s mom. I have thought

about talking to her, and I think she would tell me

anything I asked. I think this kind of information is

very personal, and I feel that either I would look at

him differently having this information, or she would

think that I might look at him differently, or both.

For that reason, I have decided I don’t want to ask

her these questions. However, if I were Christian’s

teacher, I would need to have this information. In

updating this case study, I again decided against

asking Terri for early information. I feel this could

change our relationship and I don’t want to risk that.

IV. Physical and Motor Growth and Development

Christian’s gross motor abilities are a strength for

him. He walks and runs well. He jumps with both feet

on his trampoline at home. I haven’t seen him hop or

walk on a balance beam. At school, he likes to pull

the wagon in the gym. It might be empty, or there

might be a child in it. He pulls the wagon with one

hand. For outdoor recess, he swings, plays on the

playground equipment, walks up the curly slide and

then slides down it, or plays in the sand with a

shovel and bucket. He can ride a tricycle at school.

In the last year he’s started kicking a ball and

throwing and catching a ball. I played ball with him

and he was able to throw and catch a soccer ball. At

home he has a large therapy ball and he sits on it and

then bounces it. He also lays over it and rolls it

back and forth while he’s on it.

Christian’s house is two-story, and he walks up and

down the stairs fine. He gets on his Mom’s exercise

bike. He swims in his outdoor pool and doesn’t need

floaties or any life preserver. He goes underwater

and swims in all areas. The deep end is only 5 feet,

so he can stand in it. He does the doggie paddle and

I’ve seen him float. He likes to fill up a pail or

plastic bottle with water, then he throws it and goes

and gets it. He’ll do that over and over. There is

an inflatable pool chair that he sometimes swims

under. I’ve occasionally seen him get into the chair,

but then he gets right out. He plays with the bottles

and pails much more. Sometimes he will walk around

the pool, say twice. When it is not summer, Christian

likes to walk around the perimeter of the pool, quite

close to the water. He walks around the whole

backyard and swings on the swing. He can pump the

swing. He sits on the glider and can make it go

without any help. He walks up the slide and then

slides down it. When it is hot out, he fills an empty

sandbox with water. He goes over to the hose, turns

on the water, and drags the hose to the sandbox. Then

he splashes in the water.

Now let’s look at Christian’s fine motor abilities.

He does some things well like cutting (he stays close

to the line), pasting, lacing cards, puzzles,

stringing beads, and using a pincer grasp. He

sometimes likes to blow bubbles. A year ago, he held

a marker with his whole fist, but now I see him

holding it between his fingers correctly for much of

the time. If he goes back to grasping with his fist,

teachers remind him and he corrects himself. He

prints and his writing is legible. He does not do

cursive yet. He writes some of his letters backwards

like “s.” He writes the same names very often, like

“Toys R Us” (he has the R backwards like it is in the

logo) and “Columbia TriStar” or he writes numbers.

Then he takes the paper, cuts the words out, and tapes

it with wide transparent packing tape onto the

refrigerator door or the TV screen in his bedroom.

Recently he drew a large dot on a paper, cut it out,

and taped it on the center of the family room TV

screen. His Mom told me and removed it after a few

minutes. She keeps his artwork on his own TV screen

longer, but then removes it so it doesn’t damage the

TV.

I haven’t seen Christian draw pictures, but he

scribbles with crayons or markers. Most often,

though, he writes words over and over. He went to a

car dealership with his family recently and when he

came home, he was writing a word over and over from

memory. His Dad looked at the word and told me that

was the name of the car they were looking at. At

school, if Christian is coloring a worksheet, he does

it but he doesn’t stay inside the lines. He goes to

Art with a regular class at school. He does the same

project as the other kids with the help of an aide.

Christian types on the computer at school including

typing his vocabulary words. He uses the keyboard and

the mouse. He also uses the computer at home. There

are folders set up on the desktop and I have seen him

click on them. I have seen him get on the Internet

and go “forward” and “back” and choose websites from a

list. He was on the “pbs.com” website and knew how to

do the activities.

Christian can turn on the outdoor hose, which is like

a circle. A year ago, he could not turn on the water

faucet indoors (lever that goes up and down or lever

that goes forward and back), but I see him doing it

now. He often gets a drink of water from the

bathroom. Because the faucet is very high, he is able

to get his head under and drink right from the spout.

I saw him do that a month ago and because others use

the same sink, I was uncomfortable with him doing

that. I filled a cup with water and he drank it. I

need to ask his parents about that because I don’t

want to give him mixed message. Other people use that

sink, so I wanted to discourage him drinking right

from the spout. Christian can turn the doorknob to

open a door.

Christian can push the “open” button on the microwave,

take food out, and put it on the counter. He can open

most snacks like a granola bar or cereal box. He

picks up food with a pincer grasp, such as picking up

french fries. He does not use utensils when eating,

he eats with his fingers. I have never seen him eat

anything that needs cutting or that is not finger food

(such as meat or spaghetti). Christian can hold a cup

with one hand, drink from a cup with no lid, and use a

straw. At school he drinks from a cup with a straw in

the top, but he can use a regular cup and not spill.

A year ago, Christian drank from a bottle most of the

time at home. Now he drinks from a cup that has a

straw through the top. When he has a headache at

school or at home, he is given a bottle to soothe him.

If his Mom gives him medicine, she crushes the pill

and puts it with juice into a bottle. The bottle has

to a dark color, because if sees something

in the liquid, he will look at it but he will not

drink it. Christian can brush his teeth. He sucks

the toothpaste and rinses and spits into the sink.

Christian dresses himself. If the neck of a shirt is

tight, he will need help getting his head through. He

can get his arms into the sleeves and pull the shirt

down. He can put on Pullups and then pants with an

elastic waist. He has trouble starting a zipper. He

can put on socks and shoes, but he can’t tie shoes.

If he is wearing his sandals, he can velcro them.

Christian has good eye-hand coordination and rarely

drops anything.

Christian’s skin is very sensitive, according to his

mother. She says he doesn’t like her to cut his

fingernails or toenails. Getting his hair cut is

difficult, and takes two or three visits to the hair

salon for one haircut. I have seen him when half of

his hair was cut neat and the other half was longer.

Christian doesn’t like anything touching his skin,

including people touching him for any length of time

or clothes touching him. He takes off his clothes the

minute he gets home from school and just wears

Pullups. He wears them playing outside, but if he

swims, once his Pullups are very wet, he takes them

off.

Christian is severely delayed developmentally. His

chronological age is 10 years 9 months. His

developmental age, according to his teacher, is

entering first grade, or 5-6 years old.

V. Cognitive Growth and Development

Christian’s receptive language is a question. He

understands what people are saying, but the person

often has to repeat themselves before Christian does

what they want. However, in the last year I have seen

him act with fewer repetitions necessary. If the

request is repeated using the exact same words,

Christian usually responds the second or third

request. Christian’s expressive language is very

weak. Usually he does not respond verbally. If he is

asked “Yes” or “No”, usually he shakes his head and

doesn’t say anything. At school, for snack and lunch,

he uses a special picture book that was made just for

him. It has the words “I want” and then he has to

find the picture of what he wants and point to it. A

year ago, the teacher started asking him to say the

word for what he wants. Now he is able to point and

repeat after the teacher “I want banana please.” At

“Teacher Table” (one on one with the student), the

teacher is working with Christian. She shows him a

picture and asks him to say what it is. She is

encouraging him to speak. He thinks of the word and

says it. I have never seen Christian go over to

someone and start talking to them, at school or at

home. There is no social interaction with other

students and no cooperative play. Christian has a

“take-home folder” at school that he brings home very

day. It has information about what Christian did that

day at school.

At home, Christian communicates with his Mom by taking

her hand and moving her to what he wants and then

pointing at it. A year ago, when I babysat him, I put

pictures of food in front of him that he could have at

that time (I made sure those foods were in the

pantry). He picked the picture of the food he wanted

and gave it to me while he pointed at the food on the

picture. Now I bring out the food, one or two choices

at a time. I show him the first food and tell him if

he wants the chips, he needs to say “I want chips

please.” Then I show him the second food and tell him

if he wants a banana, he needs to say “I want a banana

please.” As long as I show the foods separately, he

is able to tell me what he wants. In the past a

couple times I said the sentences one after another

and he just looked at me. I sensed that it was too

much information and he might have been confused. I

separate the choices now and he’s successful. His Mom

has shared that when there is a lot of candy, like at

Halloween, she needs to put the candy up high. She

doesn’t hide it from Christian, but it is too high for

him to be able to get on his own. She also has to put

Little Debbie Brownies up high. She says he will eat

them all.

Christian has many Dr. Seuss books at his house. He

looks at the pictures and turns the pages.

Occasionally Christian will say about 15 words,

something from a Dr. Seuss book. He is saying it to

himself. Up until a year ago, when I tried to read

books to Christian he would sit for a couple minutes

and then gets up and leave. This spring I read four

stress-related books to Isabella (as part of a school

assignment), and Christian glanced over a few times.

Another night that week I babysat and I brought the

books back. I showed all four to Christian and was

interested to see if he would listen while I read

them. I read Froggie Goes to School and he said

“sky.” He looked at the bus and stayed on that page

for a while. He wanted to turn the pages himself, and

he flipped a few at a time. He pointed to the

overalls on one page. I would read a few words and

he’d turn the page. When I was done, he looked at the

book by himself, turning the pages. He looked at it a

few times. The next book I read was Barney Goes to

the Dentist. Before I read it, Christian looked at

the book about three times himself. I read a few

words and he flipped a few pages. Then he took the

book and looked at it himself. The next book was

Froggie Learns to Swim. I read most of the pages, but

he wasn’t looking at me or the book. I noticed he

didn’t touch any page. He never turned the pages. I

know he is a good swimmer, so I thought he might like

this, but he didn’t pay any attention and wanted to go

to the next book. Then I read A Trip to the Hospital.

I read one page and he said “Giddyup.” Then he

looked at the book himself and turned pages.

Christian stayed on the couch while we looked at all

the books. I have watched him many times and I was

happy he said two words.

Christian giggles and laughs a few times a day at

school and at home. Christian giggles while he

watches TV sometimes. I have seen him cry only a few

times in 2 ½ years. At school he gets frustrated when

he doesn’t want to do something or he can’t do

something right. He might cry or he tries to tear the

paper he’s working on. At school when he tears his

paper, the teacher gives him Scotch tape and stands by

him as he tapes it together. When I first started

watching Christian at his house, he would go to the

front door as his parents were leaving and look out

the door, holding his blanket. After his family left,

he would come back to the Family Room. One day over

year ago he took my hand and took me to the front door

and kissed me. I have seen him kiss his Mom many

times. I don’t see Christian with his security

blanket anymore. I have watched him many times.

About three months ago, Christian started doing

something new. When I come to babysit, he looks at me

and walks around me one or two times. Then he goes

off. One day I needed to pick him up from school and

drive him home. I wasn’t sure if he would be

uncomfortable, but he went right into the car, put on

his seat belt, and sat still all the way home.

While I babysit, Christian likes to play in the

backyard, sometimes on the playground. He also likes

to swim. He can swim underwater and I’ve seen him

swim from one end of the pool to the other. When he

is hot he goes to the hose and drags it to his empty

sandbox. He turns the hose on and fills the sandbox

and splashes in it. Once when I babysat all day, I

made up a worksheet, like writing or working with

colors. He sat and did the work. When he finished,

he stayed seated and handed me the paper. I said

“Good job” and he kept sitting, looking at me. I made

another worksheet and the same thing happened. After

three worksheets, and three “Good jobs”, Christian got

up to do something else. He probably was working 30

minutes or more.

Christian goes to Art, Music and PE with regular

classes at school. In Art he does whatever project

the others are doing. At Music he sits and seems to

listen. I haven’t seen him in PE. In his regular

class he does worksheets. They have math (addition

and subtraction), matching (numbers), counting,

coloring, cutting and pasting, dot-to-dot. Usually he

sits and finishes his work. The children do work

separately, but sometimes older kids from the ACT

Academy come to the class (once or twice a month).

They do a project with the kids, and all the kids are

involved together as a group. The kids go on long

walks on Fridays, for about ½ hour. Christian looks

around but does not talk. After that, they all watch

a movie or have circle time. Christian might laugh at

some parts of movies. One time he got up and rewound

or fast-forwarded the movie (he does that a lot at

home). I have not seen any unit blocks at Slaughter

or at his house. At home there are plastic blocks

that interlock. They are bendable and have punch-out

letters or numbers on them. I played with Christian

(before Isabella was in the family, so that was 1 ½

years ago). He punched out about half the numbers.

Then I asked him to find the “1”. He didn’t respond

so I showed him the block that had the “1” missing.

Then he found the number for me. He wanted to do it

several times. A few times he would trace the

punched-out number in the block. Sometimes that was

before he’d looked for the number, sometimes it was

after he’d found the correct number.

Christian shows good eye/hand coordination. I’ve seen

Christian play with Happy Meal toys and turn the toy

in his hands and examine it. He knows how to play

video games and use the controller. He turns on the

TV and knows how to use the VCR. At school and at

home he uses the computer. One day at home I put on

the “Paint” program and he sat for a long time putting

colors on the screen. I see him changing colors a

lot. At school, he uses the computer keyboard and the

mouse to type his vocabulary words. At home he types

things like “Columbia TriStar” or finds their logo on

the Internet and prints it. Christian dresses

himself. At school and home he puts puzzles together

and does things like string beads.

Christian appears motivated by food. He can push the

“open” button on the microwave and take his food out.

He can open the pantry door and get out a snack, then

usually he can open it himself. Recently he started

opening the refrigerator himself. He can pour juice

from a large pitcher with no top on it. The pitcher

is at least half full, and if he spills, it is only a

drop. His cup has a top that screws on and he is able

to do that himself. Christian drinks a lot of juice

and water. He likes white grape juice and I have

often made it for him.

VI. Affective Growth and Development

Christian does not interact with his environment or

people around him. That includes at school and at

home. He smiles and shows emotion when he’s excited

about something, but most of the time he doesn’t have

much facial expression. Christian doesn’t interact

with other kids in the class. He does his own thing,

walking around by himself. At home he doesn’t

interact verbally with his parents or brother or

sister, but walks around the house. He doesn’t play

with classmates or with his siblings. He does

solitary play and occasionally parallel play. He does

not do cooperative play. He likes to walk around a

lot at home and doesn’t usually sit for a very long

time. However, he can sit for longer when he’s doing

the computer or watching TV or video games.

A year ago Christian did not respond verbally if you

asked a question. Most of the time, he would give no

indication, but occasionally he would shake his head.

There was really no verbal interchange, almost never a

“Yes” or “No.” Now he often does not respond, but

there are more head shakes. He seems most verbal when

the question is about food choices. If you model a

sentence such as “I’d like pizza please”, he will

repeat it. If he is focusing on what you are asking

and has eye contact, there is a better chance of

getting a verbal response. Occasionally Christian

will say about 15 words in a row, usually something

from one of his Dr. Seuss books or a jingle from the

television. He’s saying it to himself. That’s the

most words I’ve ever seen him put together. When

someone talks to him, he doesn’t show any change in

his behavior. Sometimes he gives eye contact,

sometimes he doesn’t.

Christian’s mom sometimes tells me if he is having a

good day or a bad day. If he’s having a bad day, she

might say it was because he was unhappy at school, or

maybe he has a headache. In the time I’ve known him,

he has had several bad headaches. With a headache, he

is fussy and sometimes grits his teeth and points at

his head. His Mom said he likes it if you hold each

side of his head and squeeze. I’ve seen the teacher

do that at school also. Sometimes he will put his

hands over yours to make you squeeze harder. He’s

done that with me. Recently his Dad put a frozen

icepack on his head. Christian laid on his back and

pressed his head. Eventually he stopped crying and

got up and went to play.

Christian has special places he’s most comfortable.

Up until a year ago, he liked to lie down in his Mom’s

closet. They had some pillows and blankets there for

him. Christian doesn’t do that anymore, and the

pillows and blankets have been picked up. He’s always

had a place in front of the family room couch with a

sleeping bag on the floor. I knew he liked to lie

there on top of the sleeping bag, but I thought he

slept in his own bedroom downstairs during the night.

His Mom told me recently that he’s slept on the floor

on top of his sleeping bag for as long as I’ve known

him. A few months ago Isabella was afraid there were

monsters under her bed. She refused to sleep in her

bedroom, but used her nap mat from preschool to sleep

on each night. She put it on the floor in the Family

Room and slept a few feet away from Christian. I

babysat one night when both kids were lying on the

floor, and Christian did not seem to react. Sometimes

I have seen Carmen, the dog, sleep next to Christian’s

feet. She is a big dog and almost seems to be

touching him, but he doesn’t react.

VII. Summary and Interpretation

A. Changes Observed

I have known Christian for over 2 ½ years. In that

time, he has gotten taller and gained weight.

Christian only eats limited foods including microwave

bacon, pizza crust, pretzels, Chex mix, chips, Rice

Krispie treats, granola bars, cereal, Eggos, slim

jims, popcorn, bread, bananas, raisins, white grape

juice, and water. He basically eats snack foods for

all meals. I have never seen him eat meals on a plate

like pasta or meat. His favorite thing for along time

has been microwave bacon. He eats it at home and

brings it to school. In the past year, I have seen

less bacon and more food choices. A year ago he saw a

nutritionist and his mom tried to have him eat a

bigger variety of foods. She said that didn’t work

too well. I’ve tried when I babysit him to give him a

bigger variety of foods. I am happy that he will eat

a banana and have white grape juice, then maybe Eggo

waffles, pretzels, Chex mix, or pizza crust.

Recently, he’s started eating raisins and likes them.

Christian has never had a set bedtime. I don’t think

he understood the concept of bedtime. I don’t know if

he felt tired, and if he did, if he realized that

means it’s time to lay down. His parents told me he

usually stayed up until they went to bed. Mom told me

she occasionally gave him “sleepy medicine”, which I

think was Benadryl so he would get drowsy and fall

asleep. When I first started babysitting, he always

stayed up the whole time. In the past year, I’ve

straightened out his sleeping bag and removed any toys

that were under the bag. Then I’ve asked Christian to

lay down. He used to fall asleep within a half hour,

but lately he falls asleep within about five minutes.

If I see him yawning I will ask him to lie down. His

body seems to be able to fall asleep these days. In

the past, he would wake up after a few minutes, and

I’d have to ask him to lie down again. I haven’t seen

him waking up lately. He used to be awake at

midnight, but often now he is asleep by 10:30 p.m.

I’m happy that he is falling asleep because the

parents have told me how much easier it makes things

for them, especially when it’s late and they’re really

tired.

Christian has a younger adopted sister and even

though he doesn’t talk with her, she has an influence

on him. When she came to the family, he was partly

potty-trained, but soon after, he regressed. When I

started babysitting her, she would go to the front

door as her parents drove off. Christian would also

go to the door, something he hadn’t done for a long

time. Later Isabella seemed to miss her parents and

would go to the door again. Christian would go also.

Isabella used to cry when her Mom leaves, and

sometimes Christian would cry. He would covers up his

ears when Isabella cried. Terri told me that

Christian gets mad when Isabella cries. These days

she whines when her Mom leaves but Christian doesn’t

seem to react. Recently I was playing with Isabella

and I praised her and immediately Christian repeated

my words twice. He didn’t come over to us and he kept

doing what he was doing on his own, he just repeated

my words twice.

A year ago the family got their big dog, Carmen.

Since then I’ve noticed Christian playing more in the

backyard. He isn’t playing with Carmen, but they are

often outside in the backyard at the same time.

Christian pets the dog in the house and opens the

screen door (it doesn’t latch) so the dog can come

inside. Christian doesn’t like the dog to jump at

him. He turns around away from the dog or tenses his

body and pulls his arms up to his chest to protect

himself.

B. Development

Christian does not have any areas that I consider

strong. His gross motor skills are average. He has

good hand/eye coordination also. Most of his

development is severely delayed. The biggest delay is

in language, particularly expressive. Generally, he

does not communicate using more than a word or two,

and only when asked. He communicates more when making

food choices if you model appropriate responses for

him. He doesn’t start any talking on his own, other

than the phrases he repeats over and over to himself.

Those would be TV jingles and phrases from Dr. Seuss

books. Christian is also delayed in some fine motor

skills, such as using utensils. Up until a year ago

he held a pencil with his fist, but now he holds it

correctly. His emotional level has increased. He

used to carry a favorite blanket everywhere and bring

it to school. He put it in his cubby and didn’t use

it until he took it home. He used it a lot at home,

and if he went out in his Mom or Dad’s car, he had to

have it. He no longer has that blanket. He used to

use a bottle frequently at home, even though he could

use a cup. Now Christian only has a bottle when he

has a very bad headache or if he needs medicine.

Still Christian is attached to his own belongings.

One day I went to babysit and Terri told me she had

done wash and his sleeping bag was in the dryer. She

asked me take it out when it was dry. The buzzer went

off but I ignored it for a few minutes. Then

Christian went to the dryer, opened it up, and tugged

on the sleeping bag so it would come out. I felt that

it was a little damp, so I wanted to put it in the

dryer some more. Christian wouldn’t let go. I

decided to put it flat on the floor but he did it

himself. His Mom told me later that she tries to wash

his things and put them back while he’s not there

because it disturbs him. Christian is 10 years 9

months, but the teacher says his developmental level

is first grade.

C. Experiences in Teaching

In my times babysitting I have tried to teach

Christian the meaning of bedtime and also to help him

learn to like new foods. I made up worksheets once

when I was babysitting for a whole day, and he wanted

me to keep making more. I put “Paint” on the computer

and he likes to work with all the colors. I also see

him opening folders on the desktop and navigating

around Internet sites. I have seen him several times

on pbs.com and the Tank

A year ago, when I wrote my original case study, I

said if I was Christian’s teacher, I would like to see

him have speech therapy. I believe now that is not

necessary. It isn’t that Christian’s speech is

difficult to understand, the problem is that he

doesn’t speak very often. Speech therapy wouldn’t

change that. Any way that might encourage him to

speak more would be beneficial. A year ago, in the

classroom, every time he used his communication book,

the teacher would ask him to point and also say the

word. Christian is able to do that now. I would like

to see Christian interact with the other children, say

in circle time or playing with puzzles or with balls.

I’d like to have a short time with the teacher and

just one other child who is more verbal, and have

structured time together. I think a big group is too

stimulating. I have often tried to read to Christian,

and it is only recently that he’s really focused. I

was surprised to see that he focused well while he was

tired. He kept yawning, and in the past, that would

have made him start moving his body all around to

fight falling to sleep. This time he sat and was able

to have his body be very calm and only focus on me and

the book I was reading. It made me think that too

much stimulation makes it hard for him to focus on any

one thing.

A year ago I suggested Christian could use some fine

motor therapy. He is now pouring drinks and holding a

pencil properly. At this point, I think working on

some life skills would be helpful. These things are

more cognitive such as how to put bacon in the

microwave, close the door, press the number of

minutes, and then press “Start.” He could also learn

how to make microwave popcorn, which he likes. I

don’t know if he would try to make these on his own

though, and possibly burn himself, so there is a

safety issue there. He recently helped me make white

grape juice and a few of the steps like pouring he

knew exactly when to do without prompting. He seems

to be able to do more steps in sequence than he could

before. I see this as a big cognitive step.

I would encourage Christian’s school routine be

continued at home. I would encourage a mealtime

routine. In the last year, I see somewhat of a

bedtime routine and it is clear that Christian is

sleeping more. As a teacher, I would encourage

Christian’s emotional growth, though drinking from a

cup and not needing his security blanket are recent

positive signs. Christian is a good swimmer. His

parents might consider trying a swimming class where

he could swim with other children. However, he would

need to wear a swimsuit, something he doesn’t do now.

I am interested in Christian’s reaction to having

things or people touching him. Recently I touched

Christian’s arm and head to see if he was as sensitive

now as he was in the past. In the past if I touched

his arm, he moved my hand off of his arm within a few

seconds. Now I can touch his arm for a minute or so

and then he will move my hand. If I touch his head

and pat his hair, he doesn’t move my hand. It is

interesting that when he has a bad headache he will

take my hands and put them on his head and seem to

squeeze. Also, recently I took him on a short walk in

the neighborhood. He understands that for school and

outside (other than his own backyard) he needs to have

clothes on. We took our walk and when we got home I

got him a drink and he got involved with the TV. His

clothes were on about 5-10 minutes before he took them

off. Lately I have seen him wear his older brother’s

shirts. I don’t know if they might feel more

comfortable. Also, I know the clothes issue is a

problem. Terri says he doesn’t want to wear a jacket

when it is cold out. Even in the snow he won’t wear

one and his Mom is concerned.

D. How is the Program Meeting His Needs?

Christian is in the Autistic Program at Slaughter

Elementary, and I believe it has met his needs

consistently every year. The teachers and aides are

very caring and know a lot about autism. They have a

close relationship with the children and their

families. All the children in the class are autistic.

The teacher Christian started with is now the

Director of the Autistic Department for MISD. One of

the assistants became the new Lead Teacher. The

teachers care about every student and have worked on

helping Christian to be more verbal and learn

self-help skills. They respect every child in the

class. They communicate every day with parents,

either verbally or by information in the take-home

folder, and try to support each parent. They also

have monthly meetings with parents of autistic

children in Collin County. I expect Christian to move

to the Autistic Program at the middle school next

year.

E. Conclusions and Recommendations

Christian is an autistic child who is in an Autistic

Program at the elementary school. He will be entering

a new middle school next fall. I believe the Autistic

Program at the middle school is the right place for

Christian to be after he finishes at Slaughter, but I

think the transition will be difficult. He has worked

with many of the same people at Slaughter for a long

time. I know change is hard for Christian (having his

sleeping bag “disappear”, for example). I also know

that Christian’s parents have a wonderful relationship

with the Slaughter staff. I think they will all have

a feeling of loss when they have to leave Slaughter.

A year ago, I saw Christian’s language level of

advancement as being very poor. I believe he’s made

some progress, but it requires modeling, and happens

most when he is motivated, such as regarding food.

His social level is also very poor, though I have seen

some improvement lately, such as eye contact,

focusing, and walking around me in circles when I

enter the house. He has trouble with cognitive things

like reading and math, but I see in the last year that

he can sequence more steps such as helping to make

juice and working on the computer. I know the teacher

continues to encourage his to use his words. I’d say

his gross motor skills are average. His fine motor

skills have improved so that he can hold a pencil and

pour liquid. Still he does not use utensils to eat.

His eye/hand coordination is strong, but he has

trouble with buttons, zippers, tying shoes, etc. His

foods are limited but have increased a bit in the last

year. Also he is sleeping more hours each day, and

able to fall asleep quickly and stay asleep, something

that he has never been able to do.

After spending a lot of time at Christian’s house, I

can see that he has a loving family. I would like to

see him eat more nutritious foods and have a set

mealtime with his family. In the last year he has

gone from a bottle at home to a cup, and also no

longer needs his security blanket. For the first time

ever, he has a bedtime routine at home. As Christian

gets older, I’d like to see him focus on life skills

and vocational skills both at home and at school. I

see progress in that area, and when I am babysitting

him, I encourage him to help me as I explain the steps

in what we are doing.

F. The Future

Christian will always be autistic and will need

special education classes. Right now he goes to

Music, Art, and PE with his grade level, accompanied

with an aide, and I think that will probably continue.

I don’t believe he will be mainstreamed for academic

classes like math and English. Next year Christian

will be in the Autistic Program at the middle school.

Three or four years from now he will be going into an

Autistic Program at the high school. I don’t know if

the state of Texas gives a diploma or a certificate at

the end of high school. I don’t believe Christian

will ever attend college. I believe Christian will

always be dependent on someone and won’t live on his

own. I don’t believe he will ever be able to drive a

car. I think in middle school and high school they

should work more on vocational and life skills like

learning to count money, microwave food, get on the

bus, lock a door, know your address, etc. Because

Christian does not communicate well, I don’t see him

dating or having a girlfriend or getting married in

the future, but I don’t really know. Maybe there will

be school functions in the future that he might

attend. I think it is possible for Christian to get a

job in the future where he would be paid, say do a

simple, repetitive task like stacking trays or wiping

tables or sweeping at a fast-food restaurant. I think

he would need close supervision to keep on task.

I believe Christian is very lucky to have the family

he does. A year ago I said that I thought more rules

on foods or bedtime could help, but that I don’t live

with this autistic child every day. They have to do

what works for their family. Still I am glad to see

that Christian is eating slightly more foods, and

definitely has some kind of bedtime routine. It is

obvious that Christian’s family loves him. They do

not ever act embarrassed or ashamed of him, though

Isabella at four years old is questioning some of his

behavior. Sometimes the family chooses to go out

without him, but that is when the activity is too long

or too stimulating. They do a lot with him,

especially short activities like renting a video. I

see each parent doing one-on-one things with

Christian. One day Terri told my Mom that a long time

ago she never left Christian. She said that she got

so she didn’t like the person she was. She decided

she needed some time by herself, or just time with her

husband. She loves to dance, so she got involved in

dancing. She has a lot of love to give, and two years

ago she told me about their plans to adopt a Russian

orphan girl. I think it’s pretty neat that with an

autistic child, she felt she could now help another

child that needs parents. Terri shared with me that

she felt from the beginning that Isabella might have

some developmental delays, but I knew that she is

really in tune with her children and would provide

whatever is necessary. Also, financially they are

very secure. Terri and Tom are educated parents and

very involved with their three children. I am sure

they have thought about Christian’s future, and maybe

when they won’t be here anymore. I am sure that they

have plans so that Christian will be taken care of and

will always have someone to look after him. Helping

this family has been an inspiration and I have learned

more than I can say.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Berger, Kathleen Stassen Berger. The Developing

Person Through Childhood. New York: Worth

Publishers, 2000.

Bredekamp, Sue and Carol Copple, Editors.

Developmentally Appropriate Practice in Early

Childhood Programs. Washington, D.C.: National

Association for the Education of Young Children, 1997.

Kirk, , Gallaher, . J., and J.

Anastasiow. Educating Exceptional Children. Boston:

Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997.

Machado, Jeanne M. and Helen Meyer Botnarescue.

Student Teaching: Early Childhood Practicum Guide,

Fourth Edition. Australia, Canada, Mexico, Singapore,

Spain, United Kingdom, United States. Delmar Thomson

Learning, 2001.

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