Re: transmutation instead of sodium pump

[Guest guest]

Dear ,

In going further into Duncan's post, I found a theory that replacves the

sodium pump theory.

It is from Panos Pappas, in Greece. He proposes cold nuclear fusion within

each cell as the

mechanism of life. Interesting read.... apparently sodium is electrically

stimulated and then fuses

with oxygen to form potassium.

There definitely implications for ozone therapy in this since we know that

oxygen + electricity = ozone....

Also in his conslusions, he mentions that the transformation process could

'runaway', providing a

logical explanation for the unexplained problem of 'spontaneous human

combustion'.

Dr. Saul Pressman

---------------------------------------------------

Electrically Induced Nuclear Fusion

PART I

Panos T. Pappas

Department of Physics,

Technological Institute of Piraeus, Greece

26 Markopulioti Street, Athens 11744, Greece

E-Mail: pappasp@...

http://www.papimi.gr

Summary:

Biology, in order to explain the trans-membrane potential of the cell

-(TMP), since 1955 has adopted an unproven hypothesis regarding a procedure

in which sodium Na is exchanged with potassium inside and out of the cell.

This assumed exchange in Biology is called the sodium-potassium pump (SPP).

The SPP leads to elementary contradictions, known in the literature.

In this paper, we prove that the SPP process in Biology is actually

transmutation of sodium to potassium in the presence of oxygen-(SPT) by cold

nuclear fusion.

In the paper, we present for the first time, the relevant nuclear

endothermic equation and its important relationship to the cell parameters,

the needed energy resources and most important to the cells' energy level.

The SPT is the most important process sustaining the living cell and its

physiology. The complete physiology of the sodium and potassium of the cell

is understood and explained without the " not understood artifact " mechanisms

and contradictions.

The SPT nuclear process takes place continuously in the human body. It is

the basis for the continuous function of the heart, and the key for the

metabolism of all cells. It is clearly understood why the excess of

Potassium in the blood stream prohibits the SPT nuclear reaction, leading to

lack of energy, heart arrest and death.

The basic cell physiology is presented in terms of standard osmosis, nuclear

transmutation of Na to K, and the physicochemical properties of these

elements, only.

Introduction:

1. In 1964, G. Oshava and M. Torii (1) proved in an experiment that cold

fusion of Na to K is possible. They took 2.3 mg of Na, put it in a vacuum

tube, 20 of cm long and 2 cm in diameter, and sealed it. They ran electrical

discharges of 60 watts through it for 30 minutes. After stopping the

discharges, they inserted Oxygen in the sealed tube with the electrically

treated Na. A second later Na transmuted to K, according to the exothermal*

equation:

11Na23 + Electrical Excitation + 8O16 = 19K39 + Energy

This experiment proves that if Na is first treated electrically, apparently

its nucleus gets into an excited state, and secondly, when exposed to

Oxygen, fuses with it to Potassium.

2. In 1955, Hodgkin and Keynes (2) proposed a theory under the name of

Sodium-Potassium Pump (SPP). A process was theorized whereby the movement of

the elements of Na and K in and out of the cell explained the

trans-membrane potential of 0.07 volts that exists between the interior of

the cell and its environment.

According to this hypothetical process, Na is assumed to be continuously

exerted out of the cell without eventual depletion and simultaneously K is

continuously inserted into the cell without eventual saturation. The obvious

eventual depletion of Na from inside the cell, as well as the obvious

saturation of K inside the cell is not addressed and remains as a

contradiction of the said hypothesis.

Despite this, this hypothetical process of exchange is regarded in Biology

as an unquestionable " truth " .

For SPP, a mechanical action of the cell membrane is assumed to

synchronously and selectively pick up precisely 3 atoms of Na from inside

the cell and eject them out of the cell. In the same period of time, it is

assumed synchronously with the previous transportation, to selectively pick

up 2 atoms of K from outside and inject them inside the cell.

This assumed process is also called the active transportation of the cell

membrane. It is also assumed that the specific rates of the " in " and " out "

exchange of Na and K are different for the two atoms. Specifically for 3

atoms of Na out, 2 atoms of K come in, by an artificially assumed specific

" picking up " structure of the cell membrane in the ratio 3/2. Therefore, it

is believed that more positive Na+ ions come out than positive ions K+ go

in. Thus, it is assumed that a net of positive charge is coming out at a

rate of 3/2 for every K+ going in.

In this way, standard Biology attempts to explain the cell’s trans-membrane

potential and its relation to the content of K+ inside the cell as a

difference in the " in and out " rates for Na+ and K+, and by an artificial

" picking up " mechanism of the cell membrane.

It is doing so only by ignoring the obvious contradictions of expected

depletion and saturation respectively, as well as requiring the precise

synchronicity and selectivity of cog wheels.

It is also experimentally found that for the charge of the trans-membrane

potential, energy is required, as it should be expected. This energy was

found (Skou2 1957) to be supplied by an exothermic consumption of a

substance inside the cell called ATP. ATP is produced or actually reformed

by a reverse process of energy which is supplied by the so-called Krebs'

cycle. Krebs' cycle is powered by the burning of glucose inserted to the

cell by insulin.

However, the actual active transportation of Na-K has never been proved. It

remains as an unjustified hypothesis in Biology. Contemporary University

textbooks in Biology admit that the assumed process is not understood, for

example, page 541, " Molecular Cell Biology " by Darnell, et al5, " The

activity of this (sodium-potassium pump) and other cellular ion pumps is

closely regulated by mechanisms presently unknown... "

By the hypothesis of Sodium-Potassium pump or exchange, saturation of K

should eventually occur inside the cell, which has a finite volume. At the

same time, Na inside the cell should eventually be completely depleted. The

sodium potassium exchange should be over and terminated after a finite time,

depending on the initial concentration of Na inside the cell, and the

available space inside the cell to be filled with K. There is no way around

this problem with this theory.

3. It is also known that the correct concentration of Na+ and K+ inside and

outside the cell is responsible for the normal trans-membrane potential 60

to 70 millivolts and the normal vitality of a cell. A dead cell equalizes by

osmosis alone the " intra and extra " cellular Na+-K+ concentrations and drops

its trans-membrane potential to zero.

4. Lois C. Kervran (6,10) and Komaki (7,8,10) established after many years

of observations and experimentation that there is a continuous intake of Na

by humans and animals and a continuous discharge of K by urination, as

published in the celebrated book " Biological Transmutations " , Swan House

Publishing Co. NY 11223, 1972.

Kervran also established that with the intake of Na, K also increases. The

ratio Na/K remains constant with or without intake of K, which is a

generally known fact in Medicine and Biology.

It is very well known that for people with kidney deficiency, potassium K

increases continuously in their blood stream, practically regardless of the

food intake of K. However, It is also strongly recommended for them to avoid

taking NaCl as much they can, although there is no emphasis to avoid taking

foods rich in K. These medical suggestions directly prove that the intake of

Na directly increases K, which for people with a deficiency in discharging

K, avoidance of Na is recommended on a permanent basis.

From time to time, serious kidney deficiency patients have to go through a

process, called blood dialysis, to remove the excess K (among other toxins)

from their blood stream, otherwise, they die. Excessive concentration of K

(hyperkalemia) in the blood stream for any reason may halt the transmutation

equation suggested here, instantly causing heart arrest.

These facts make sense only if Na nuclearly transmutes to K inside the human

body on a continuous daily basis which sustains life.

5. Pappas (9), since 1989 and during 10 years of continuous observations and

systematic research, established that the K concentration in the blood

increases when human or animal cell’s are exposed to the PAP-IMI Device

(PAP-Ion Magnetic Inductor) - a generator of a pulsed magnetic induction

field, causing to the exposed tissue, an instant electrical potential per

meter (potential gradient or electrical field volts/meter) of a fraction of

the normal trans-membrane potential gradient of the cell, which is of the

order of 10 MVolts/meter5.

6. The phenomenon of K increase by PAP IMI exposures is found to be more

enhanced when cells are in a state of edema or inflammation, during which

they contain higher concentration of Na inside the membrane of the cell. At

the same time, a drastic reduction of edema and inflammation is found to

occur, which indicates a drastic reduction of sodium and a simultaneous

increase of K inside the cell. These findings make the device

characteristically known to be associated with the best anti-inflammatory

and edema reduction method. In PAP IMI exposures in inflammatory or edema

cases, excess K accumulates in the blood stream, which under normal kidney

function is immediately discharged from the body by the kidney functions and

urination.

This is a decisive phenomenon, for it clearly proves a significant increase

of production of K, in case of an increased concentration of Na associated

with an inflammation or edema which is exposed by appropriate (PAP IMI)

electrical pulses to enable the transmutation of Na to K.

The Equation of Life:

Under the observation and the circumstances of 1, 2, 3,4 and particularly

under the findings of 5 and 6, we come to the conclusion that the unproved

hypothesis of Biology of the so called sodium-potassium pump is wrong.

On the other hand, a continuous transmutation of Na to K inside the cell

seems to explain all the Na-K physiology of the cell and the Pappa’s related

electrical findings for the cell.

We propose for the first time, the equation of nuclear fusion on the level

of the living cell, indicating its relation to the involved vital energies

as an endothermic reaction:

11Na23 + 8O16 + Electrical Excitation + ATP Energy = 19K39 + Bio Energy

which results in the energy resource of the living cell.

The exact role of the membrane’s electrical energy or the externally

supplied electrical energy, the separate role of the ATP energy, as well as

the role of K to the trans-membrane potential-TMP of the cell, the relation

of TMP to the cell metabolism and proper function and cell energy, will

become clear in the following.

It is well known that K is a bigger atom than Na. Thus Na's mobility should

have been higher than K's. However, Na hydrates with 6 atoms of H2O; K does

not. Thus Na+6H2O becomes extra large and thus Na's mobility is finally much

less than K's. Thus once Na is inserted by osmosis into the cell and

transmutes into K, the naked K escapes by osmosis more rapidly through the

cell membrane, due to its smaller size and thus higher mobility. This causes

an imbalance in the electrical charge concentrations, for positive ions may

escape faster out under the vehicle of K ion, than they are inserted as Na

ions. This naturally explains, for as long as Na transmutes to K inside the

cell, why the cell loses positive charge and becomes more negative with

respect to its environment, until it reaches an equilibrium value of

negative potential to retard the exit of K+ and to increase the input of Na+

and other positive ions from the extracellular space.

The trans-membrane potential difference, thus created, powers metabolism of

the cell by electrostatically attracting other materials into the cell - a

phenomenon known as electroinsertion. Further, the trans-membrane potential

enables the nuclear transmutation of Na to K by preparing the Na nucleus

during its crossing the field across the membrane, in case of a normal TMP

present which is of the order of 10 MVolts/m.

SPT maintains TMP, and TMP maintains SPT in an auto-catalyze, maintain or

enhance one another mode.

A cell in the state of death - with no trans-membrane potential - may not

initiate Na to K fusion and may not acquire the lost potential. Thus, the

state of death with no trans-membrane potential for the cell is an

irreversible state of no metabolism.

The role of insulin enhanced by adrenaline, secreted from the adrenal gland

(situated on the top of kidneys) is better understood, as a mechanism of

controlling ATP, which complements the fusion of Na to K, thus controlling

the rate of metabolism and the rate of vitality of the cells of the body, in

respect to the adrenaline triggered by the state of the brain and eventually

the state of mental perception and activity.

In case of an increased activity of SPT caused by the adrenal gland, the

kidneys are also required to be alerted by the same mechanism that triggers

adrenaline, to quickly discharge as waste, the expected increase of K, thus

maintaining the balance of low K concentration outside the cells

environment; and to prevent reinsertion of mobile K into the cells by

osmosis and electroinsertion; and thus to prevent the annihilation of TMP;

and thus to prevent cell death from lack of its energy resource.

This makes understandable the wisdom of positioning the adrenal gland on the

top of the kidneys.

This basic mechanism of cold nuclear fusion explains the physiology of the

cell and the miracle of life, without unknown, magical and mysterious

mechanical functions for the cell membrane, contradicting the elementary

logic of saturation and depletion for finite volume cells.

Conclusion:

It has been shown that the assumption of nuclear fusion in Biology is not

contradictory, but leads to the understanding of biological procedures

without contradictions. In particular, from over 10 years observations of

the PAP IMI electric exposures on living cells, we are led to the correct

assumption that the process known today in Biology as the Sodium-Potassium

Pump is incorrectly assumed a molecular exchange, but actually it is a

nuclear process of fusion under electrical excitation of Na nucleus, firstly

by the charged cell membrane, and secondly via an endothermic catalytic

action of ATP.

The electrical excitation of the Na nucleus may be assisted externally by

appropriate strong electrical pulses. ATP seems to control this fusion

reaction which otherwise could exponentially increase under the self

catalytic excitation of the trans-membrane potential-TMP which is related

with a positive feedback reaction to the fusion of Na to K in the presence

of O. The role of ATP, related mitochondria, Kreb’s cycle, insulin, glucose,

adrenaline, adrenal gland and kidneys is better understood as a co-mechanism

to control this nuclear fusion which otherwise may INCREASE EXPONENTIALLY

or may die out.

The irreversibility from the " death " state to " life " state for the cell is

clearly understood, as in the death state, the " first " electrical excitation

by the cell membrane, i.e. TMP, is missing to catalyze or prepare the

nucleus of Na to transmute to K and maintain farther the TMP and enable

subsequently metabolism. [Does this mean revival of corpses by electrical

measn, a la Dr. enstein's monster?]

The nuclear fusion of Na to K by Oxygen seems to be the most important

function of the cell and the key to its life and metabolism. A great number

of other biological and medical functions and malfunctions are better

understood by standard osmosis related mechanisms alone, and via the above

nuclear fusion as well the equivalent to its reverse for example:

19K39 = 11Na23 + 8O16 - Electrical Current Energy

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

-----------------------

REFERENCES

o Monti, " Fusione Fredda e Relativita Eisteiniana: Stato dell’Arte "

Reprint, vol. n. 9, p. 71, Societa Editrice Andromeda, via S. Alende 1,

40139, Bologna, 1996.

G. Thomopoulos, " Introduction to Cell Biology " , p. 130, University Studio

Press, University of Thessalonika, Thessalonika, 1986.

Harold Hillman, " Parafraud in Biology " , Science and Engineering Ethics, V.3,

n.2, p.122, 1997.

H. Hillman and P. Sartory, " The Living Cell - Reexamination of its Fine

Structure " , Packard Publishing Limited, Chichester, West Sussex, UK, 1980.

S. J. Darnell, et al., " Molecular Cell Biology " , Second Edition, p. 531-543,

Scientific American Books, Inc., New York, 1990.

Lois C. Kervran, " Biological Transmutations " , Swan House Publishing Co., NY

11223.

H. Komaki, Rev. Pathologie Comparee, 67, 213, 1967; 69, 29, 1969

H. Komaki, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cold Fusion,

Dec, 1993.

P.T. Pappas, " PAP-IMI Cases Reports " , 1990-1998.

S. Goldfein, " Energy Development from Elemental Transmutations in Biological

Systems " , Infinite Energy, Issue 18, 1998.

_________________________________________________________________

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[Guest guest]

Gerson Therapy says you must be low in sodium and high in potassium. That

sodium makes cancer grow. That is if you have cancer.

Lovingly,

Gale ^i^

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