Re: discredited sodium pump theory

July 19, 2003

Dear ,

From an earlier post from Duncan:

" For many years the Membrane-Pump mechanism has been used to explain how Na+

(sodium) can reach a lower concentration level inside a cell when it is

surrounded by

a sea of higher Na+ concentration. This Membrane-Pump model, although never

adequately tested scientifically, has ruled medical text-books for more than

a generation.

There were micro-molecular pumps, it was theorized, that functioned by

permitting K+

(potassium) to enter the cell, but which kept out excess Na+. This, it was

said, kept the

concentration of Na+ within the cell lower than the concentration in the

surrounding

fluids. The sodium pump alone has been estimated to consume as much

as 35 percent of a cell’s energy. With well over 50 pumps for different

solutes

proposed, where does all the energy come from? You get into negative numbers

real fast.

Dr. Gilbert Ling is a world-class scientist, who has spent a life-time

researching cellular functions, also collaborating with top-ranking

scientists,

and producing peer-reviewed literature that ranks among the highest. He's

published more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers. According to

Ling, only the outside surface of the cell membrane faces a dilute aqueous

solution, and the inside surface of the membrane is continuous with the

cytoplasm in the sense that both represent fixed-charge systems consisting

of

associated, cooperatively linked proteins, ions, and water.

The characteristic asymmetric distribution of K+ and Na+ is both a

weathervane

and the substance of the living state. No Na/K pump is involved, but rather

a

natural consequence of the relative attraction and repulsion of ions in an

organic matrix. " The inability of Na+ to compete successfully for K+

-preferring b-

and g-carboxyl groups and the low solubility of Na+ in the cell water

(virtually all

existing in the state of polarized multilayers) explain the low

concentration of Na+

found in most resting living cells. " Ling doubts cells have the energy to

pump.

Ling points out that a water molecule is not the placid stuff of our

imaginings.

Its two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms are arranged in such a way that one

end of the molecule is charged positively and the other charged negatively.

The positive charge of one water atom docks with the negative charge of

another,

impelling water molecules to knit together in vast skeins. The membrane

isn't key to

cell integrity because the water inside the cell isn't normal water, it's

organized by

proteins to form a gel.

His book, " A Revolution in the Physiology of the Living Cell " (1991),

summarzies

the results of definitively brilliant laboratory work on and about the

living cell.

In " Life at the Cell and Below-Cell Level: The Hidden History of a

Fundamental Revolution

in Biology " (2001)

online at http://bioparadigma.narod.ru/hidden_history/ch01.htm

the author's biggest concern is that the association-induction (AI)

hypothesis has

not yet replaced the membrane-pump theory in high school and college

curricula.

He outlines the rise and slow fall of the membrane and membrane pump

theories,

and the growth of AI.

The book is exceptionally well-written and foot-noted, and is easily read by

one versed in a course or two of chemistry and physics, although here and

there

it helps to have a broader range of knowledge of physiological mechanisms.

Ling's notes at the end of each chapter are both entertaining and

highly educational. By the end one has no doubt that Ling's work is founded

upon the most rigorous science possible. Further (and most importantly), one

is

left with little doubt that Ling is on to something huge. The model of the

human cell and how it works has been wrong for 50 years; Ling shows why, and

how, and meticulously outlines a better model, one that actually fits the

experimental

data.

Dr. Ling, a creditable biological research scientist, has presented

well-written

documentation of a life-time accumulation of his scientific experimental

evidence

which clearly substantiates his Association-Induction hypothesis, and

virtually

demolishes the Membrane-Pump theory, showing it to be, at best, an

inaccurate

metaphor without good scientific underpinnings.

Gilbert Ling's Association-Induction Hypothesis Predicts

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Na/K pump hypothesis has predicted nothing, without a patchwork of

additional, supporting postulates, and has led to no new phenomena.

Ling's Association-Induction hypothesis has already led to the development

of

the MRI, a new and detailed viewing of soft-tissue inside the body with

considerably less danger than use of X-rays, and which has already

revolutionized some medical practices.

Sky , Santa Fe, NM, has developed an adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)

inductor

based in part on Gilbert Ling's hypothesis. When special light frequencies

(between 400 and 900 nanometers) encounter the body, mitochondria began

manufacturing ATP as proven both by blood tests as well as computerized

dermatron

measurements. Increase in ATP, of course, increases available cellular

energy which,

in turn, may better fight disease conditions such as cancer. Limited

anecdotal

experiences report that some cancers have regressed using this device.

There's also some reports from Dr. Myers, Tulsa, Oklahoma, that after 3

weeks

of usage, the thymus begins producing T-cells.

http://www.gilbertling.org/lp6a.htm

Pollack, Gerald H.

Cells, Gels and the Engines of Life: A New, Unifying Approach to Cell

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

----------------------

Forwarded and edited by

Dr. Saul Pressman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

-----------------------

----Original Message Follows----

From: Eck <kareneck@...>

Reply-oxyplus

oxyplus

Subject: Re: sodium pump/plasma membrane voltage

Date: Sat, 19 Jul 2003 18:07:41 -0700

At 03:20 AM 7/19/2003 +0000, you wrote:

>Dear ,

>

>Good information, for the most part....

>

>Four points:

>

>- the body IS a bioelectric organism, but the discredited sodium pump

theory

>is not the cause...

Where can I find more about the sodium pump theory being discredited?

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July 21, 2003

Hi Dr. Saul. Okay on the na/k pump. It was my understanding that the word

pump really just meant rotation, and the rotation was started by atp (which was

made from oxygen and glucose) and the rotation produced electrical energy in/on

the cell? And so when oxygen was lacking through shallow breathing or excess

lymphatic fluid due to trapped blood proteins the production of atp was dimished

and so would then be the electrical activity of the cells.

Is this completely wrong?

Extremely simplistic?

Thanks

Donna

Re: discredited sodium pump theory

Dear ,

>From an earlier post from Duncan:

" For many years the Membrane-Pump mechanism has been used to explain how Na+

(sodium) can reach a lower concentration level inside a cell when it is

surrounded by

a sea of higher Na+ concentration. This Membrane-Pump model, although never

adequately tested scientifically, has ruled medical text-books for more than

a generation.

July 21, 2003

Dear Donna,

In the production of ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell, the

first

nine stages of the Krebs cycle are anerobic, and produce 2 molecules of ATP.

The next stage is oxidative phosphorylation, which produces a further 30 -

38

molecules of ATP, showing just how much of an advance aerobic systems are

over anerobic.

Low energy is directly attributable to insufficient oxygen available to

complete

the Krebs cycle. In addition, carbon monoxide will be produced as well,

which is

toxic.

From Principles of Cell Biology:

-----------------------------------------

In the THEORY of the sodium/potassium pump, the exchange of sodium and

potassium

ions is called a transport system driven by the hydrolysis of ATP (broken

down by water).

Three positively charged sodium ions are expelled for every two positive

potassium ions

taken into the cell.

This establishes an electric potential across the cell membrane by charge

imbalance.

It is believed that an enzyme called Na+K+-ATPase is involved in a three

stage process

whereby free energy stored in ATP is used to produce a cycle of changes in

the

membrane-bound Na+K+ATPase, expelling sodium and injecting potassium.

Sugar and amino acids and sodium are moved into the cell by transporters

called symports,

even though this is usually against the concentration gradient for the sugar

and the aminos.

Supposedly, the higher concentration of sodium outside the cell vs inside

the cell makes this

possible, as the symports hooks up to a sodium ion and that drags it in,

while it clutches a

sugar or amino.

Membrane potentials are created when uptake and expulsion of charged solutes

is unbalanced.

Two processes are responsible for the membrane potential. The first is

active transport by the Na+K+ATPase system, which creates a high

concentration of potassium ions and a low

concentration of sodium ions between the cells. The second is the subsequent

diffusion of these

same two ions down their respective concentration gradients. The plasma

membrane is more

permeable to potassium than to sodium. The rate of loss of potassium ions

from the cell therefore exceeds the rate of entry of sodium ions, and an

electric potential is thereby established in which the cell exterior is more

positive than the cell interior. As this potential increases, potassium

diffusion out of the cell is decreased by electrostatic repulsion (positive

charged inhibited by moving into a positive zone). Eventually the exterior

of the cell becomes so positive, with respect to the interior, that the rate

of exit of potassium equals the rate of sodium entry. At this stage, which

occurs when the membrane potential reaches a value of about 50 to 100

millivolts, electrochemical equilibrium is achieved and no further change in

potential occurs.

The magnitude of the final value of the membrane potential is a direct

function of the amount of potassium inside the cell versus outside the cell.

There is a formula for calculating the charge based on the amounts of

potassium in versus out.

The major importance of the membrane potential is that it underlies the

mechanism by which nerve

and muscle cells communicate. Membrane potentials also provide part of the

driving force for certain transport reactions.

--------------------------------

Best of Health!

Dr. Saul Pressman

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\

-------------

----Original Message Follows----

From: " CountryGirl " <ruthful@...>

Reply-oxyplus

Subject: Re: discredited sodium pump theory

Date: Sun, 20 Jul 2003 23:08:31 -0700

Hi Dr. Saul. Okay on the na/k pump. It was my understanding that the word

pump really just meant rotation, and the rotation was started by atp (which

was made from oxygen and glucose) and the rotation produced electrical

energy in/on the cell? And so when oxygen was lacking through shallow

breathing or excess lymphatic fluid due to trapped blood proteins the

production of atp was dimished and so would then be the electrical activity

of the cells.

Is this completely wrong?

Extremely simplistic?

Thanks

Donna

Re: discredited sodium pump theory

Dear ,

>From an earlier post from Duncan:

" For many years the Membrane-Pump mechanism has been used to explain how

Na+

(sodium) can reach a lower concentration level inside a cell when it is

surrounded by

a sea of higher Na+ concentration. This Membrane-Pump model, although

never

adequately tested scientifically, has ruled medical text-books for more

than

a generation.

July 22, 2003

Thank you so much Saul. This is just what I was looking for. I will find this

and the cells and gels book and then I should be able to go onto the other stuff

and understand it. Thank you, thank you, thank you.

Donna

Re: discredited sodium pump theory

Dear ,

>From an earlier post from Duncan:

" For many years the Membrane-Pump mechanism has been used to explain how

Na+

(sodium) can reach a lower concentration level inside a cell when it is

surrounded by

a sea of higher Na+ concentration. This Membrane-Pump model, although

never

adequately tested scientifically, has ruled medical text-books for more

than

a generation.

July 22, 2003

Hi Ken. I agree somewhat. But when I know for sure that a theory has been

proven to be wrong, then it just doesn't work to keep teaching the old

" science " .

And I want to understand more how the cells work and their basic chemistry and

constituents. It is just interesting to me.

And since Dr. West has not updated this basic chemistry, it makes me wonder

about some of the other stuff he teaches. Some of it just doesn't feel correct

to me. But lacking more knowledge, I can't know for sure.

As I said in an earlier post. The proof is in the pudding. His stuff works and

that is the bottom line for me. And I don't have to fully understand all the

science behind it. I just don't want to be parroting science that is wrong or

outdated.

Like his diet recommendation. Fruit for breakfast, fruit or veges for lunch and

veges for dinner with meat a few times a week. I could not go there. He also

teaches that fat is evil. I don't believe it is. I think we need fat for vit A

and other factors.

Anyway, all my disagreements with him do not keep me from absolutely loving the

lymphatics stuff he teaches and the benefits that come from applying the

techniques. Remarkable stuff, verging on miraculous. I also love, love, love

that he teaches people that you have to walk in love. This is right up my

alley. But walking in love doesn't mean that you agree with everyone. It does

mean that when you disagree that you do so in kindness. And sometimes that is

expressed with tone of voice and facial expressions, which are non existent on

the net, so what can be a really kind disagreement can sound like a snipe. I

don't feel any unkindness toward Dr. West. I feel remarkable thankful to have

found him. But I don't agree with him on everything.

Blessings

Donna

still thrilled with her rebounder and the chi machine. Smile.

Re: discredited sodium pump theory

Your search for a theory that has not been discredited is admirable but not

absolutely necessary. Many theories are either incomplete or simply analogies

in ones attempt to explain some event or procedure. if we waited for a

completely accurate theory to explain electricity before Edison produced the

light bulb or Bell the telephone, we probably would still be in the

technological dark ages as those have only been fully explained in the past 50

years satisfactorily and, should we have waited till we had a solid theory

before proceeding. What Dr. West teaches may not be completely correct but if

his stuff works, that's what is important. For example, it may be decades

before the mind/body workings is correctly proven and then it may be too

complicated for someone to put down in one book or paper and will be

oversimplified and therefore incorrect. The aspect of the observer affecting

the outcome will probably never be able to be completely included into any

theory or very loosely at best. So, Just do it and if one gets result, then it

is good enough for me and the people it helps. Funny how the AMA never needs to

know how a drug works exactly before they recommend it.

Best wishes and much love, Ken

Ken Gullan

Institute for Research Integration (IRI)

San Diego, CA 92106-2424

IRI is a 501C(3) non-profit corporation established to help children with

developmental difficulties.

July 22, 2003