Re: Hypertrophy IV

[Guest guest]

Ken Baldwin, a muscle physiologist from the University of California,

Irvine, did the early work on myosin isoforms and fiber type. He also

differentiated the type IIx and type IIb fibers. His work showed that while the

type IIb

fibers are relatively plentiful in some animal models, they are uncommon in

humans. That doesn't mean they don't occur. Olympic athletes undoubtedly have

genetic aberrations that contribute to their success. For example, Eero

Mantyranta, a Finnish cross-country skier, won two gold medals in the 1964

Winter

Olympics , probably due to an EPO-receptor gene polymorphism that caused him

to produce higher levels of red blood cells. Does Bolt have gene

polymorphisms that give him faster-contracting muscles?

==================

Carruthers

Wakefield, UK

[Guest guest]

Hi Steve,

On Jul 26, 2009, at 6:45 AM, Plisk wrote:

> " Clearly something positive happens when trained athletes taper; and

> something (potentially) positive was happening during training

> despite a transient shift in twitch properties etc. Could it be that

> temporary fast-to-slow changes are theshort termprice we pay

> whenever the system is under training stress - even when emphasizing

> explosive movements " ?

Telle -- I think the answer to much is deciding on whether

performance is a function of training regimen vs hypertrophy and fiber

type/twitch properties changes? The eccentrics we are considering may

not only cause IIB hypertrophy but may also influence inhibitors to

max contraction speeds.

> " And can we mitigate that to some extent with those fatigue

> management tactics we kicked around? As practical matters, those are

> two biggies. In both cases I think the answer is yes " .

Telle -- I cant seem to get a clear picture except I'm projecting that

extreme eccentric training, once tamed (along with concentric

overtraining considerations), will lead to performance increase. I

have little knowledge of tapering. It seems that if performance

improves with the IIB training then different tapering paradigms may

be in order.

Best,

Jerry Telle

Lakewood CO USA

According to most muscle physiologists, the only human subjects where

they find IIB fibers are couch potatoes. Active subjects - regardless

of whether the participate in strength, endurance or combined exercise

- have only IIA's and I's. So it seems that any type of activity at

all seems to induce metabolic as well as fast-to-slow shifts. That

would seem to be a distinct problem for athletes who train to get

faster!

I wonder if (a) this finding is consistent with different fiber typing

methods and ( IIB's wouldn't reappear when tapering. Cellular

adaptations seem to occur in 'constellations' of different structures/

qualities, so my guess is the typing methodologies would tend to find

the same shift. The tapering issue is where things get really

interesting.

Clearly something positive happens when trained athletes taper; and

something (potentially) positive was happening during training despite

a transient shift in twitch properties etc. Could it be that temporary

fast-to-slow changes are theshort termprice we pay whenever the system

is under training stress - even when emphasizing explosive movements?

And can we mitigate that to some extent with those fatigue management

tactics we kicked around? As practical matters, those are two biggies.

In both cases I think the answer is yes.

-----

Jerry Telle: I (if we are on the same page) think this is the case in

some of these athletes at least. It seems that IIB fibers can be

trained and hypertrophied while not morphing to IIA.

-----

SP: I agree, especially when cluster methods are used. As I learned to

instruct my athletes: Rest-pause as necessary to perform each rep at

full power! That wasn't real popular with the closet bodybuilders who

think the world revolves around RMs and fatigue.

-----

Jerry Telle: Was it ever decided that, if effort intention was

explosive, -- even though the weight used determined slow concentric

movement because of its high % of 1 RM -- worked as well as faster

movements of lower % OF 1 RM.

-----

SP: Both seem to work, especially when used to potentiate one another.

So I think the key is how to combine them - hence the usefulness of

complexes, wave loads etc. It's kind of like a pitcher using a

curveball to set up the fastball. Neither tactic alone (even a

dominant one) works for any length of time in isolation. When used

together, with a purpose, it's a different story.

I'm joining you out on the limbs, but I think we're supported by the

evidence and lots of experiene in the trenches.