Re: Universityof Reading!!Study links autism to gut microbes

[Guest guest]

,

very interesting. Henry was in this study. We kept going to the end -

can't say I spotted the difference between the real and the fake

probiotic. But eventually they will give me H's own results - should

love to know what sort of gut flora he had.

Margaret

[Guest guest]

And also which strains of probiotics was used ??

Geir Flatabø

On 9/5/06, Miles <awex@...> wrote:

Hi .I am interested in the strain of clostridium that Reading Uni found .Before I contact Reading Uni, do you know which strain of Clostridium

bacteria it was? MilesJULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:>>>> Study links autism to gut microbes>> Randerson> Monday September 4, 2006

> Guardian Unlimited>> A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised hopes> that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The result> are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor

> Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was " cautiously> optimistic " about them. He added that the study did not suggest> any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof

> Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science in> Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel problems> such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may not

> have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team> compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic> children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and found

> that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of the> bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] is not> doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly explains

> their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More speculatively, he> said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins that> affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he

> warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never> know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the team set up> a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of

> clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged between> four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally> present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were given

> a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of powder> each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told which> group their children were in, parents were asked to record their

> symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of> children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because> they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. " Some of

> the parents worked> out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to> move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive> results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their child's

> concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said it> was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.>>>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------

>> No virus found in this incoming message.> Checked by AVG Free Edition.> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date: 9/1/06>DISCLAIMERNo information contained in this post is to be construed as medical advice. If you need medical advice, please seek it from a suitably qualified practitioner.

[Guest guest]

Hi .

I am interested in the strain of clostridium that Reading Uni found .

Before I contact Reading Uni, do you know which strain of Clostridium

bacteria it was?

Miles

JULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:

>

>

>

> Study links autism to gut microbes

>

> Randerson

> Monday September 4, 2006

> Guardian Unlimited

>

> A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised hopes

> that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The result

> are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor

> Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was " cautiously

> optimistic " about them. He added that the study did not suggest

> any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof

> Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science in

> Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel problems

> such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may not

> have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team

> compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic

> children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and found

> that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of the

> bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] is not

> doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly explains

> their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More speculatively, he

> said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins that

> affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he

> warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never

> know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the team set up

> a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of

> clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged between

> four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally

> present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were given

> a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of powder

> each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told which

> group their children were in, parents were asked to record their

> symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of

> children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because

> they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. " Some of

> the parents worked

> out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to

> move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive

> results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their child's

> concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said it

> was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.

>

>

>

>

>

> ------------------------------------------------------------------------

>

> No virus found in this incoming message.

> Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date: 9/1/06

>

[Guest guest]

.

I have just realised that it is Clostridium Difficile.

Miles

Miles wrote:

> Hi .

>

> I am interested in the strain of clostridium that Reading Uni found .

> Before I contact Reading Uni, do you know which strain of Clostridium

> bacteria it was?

>

> Miles

>

>

>

> JULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:

>

>>

>>

>>

>> Study links autism to gut microbes

>>

>> Randerson

>> Monday September 4, 2006

>> Guardian Unlimited

>>

>> A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised hopes

>> that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The result

>> are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor

>> Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was " cautiously

>> optimistic " about them. He added that the study did not suggest

>> any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof

>> Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science in

>> Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel problems

>> such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may not

>> have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team

>> compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic

>> children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and found

>> that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of the

>> bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] is not

>> doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly explains

>> their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More speculatively, he

>> said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins that

>> affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he

>> warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never

>> know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the team set up

>> a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of

>> clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged between

>> four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally

>> present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were given

>> a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of powder

>> each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told which

>> group their children were in, parents were asked to record their

>> symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of

>> children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because

>> they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. " Some of

>> the parents worked

>> out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to

>> move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive

>> results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their child's

>> concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said it

>> was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.

>>

>>

>>

>>

>>

>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------

>>

>> No virus found in this incoming message.

>> Checked by AVG Free Edition.

>> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date: 9/1/06

>>

>>

>

>

>

> DISCLAIMER

> No information contained in this post is to be construed as medical advice. If

you need medical advice, please seek it from a suitably qualified practitioner.

>

>

[Guest guest]

I don't think it's " C.diff " but another Clostridial strain. Helena

Parracho who did the work in getting the samples and liaising with

families told me that the strain identified in an earlier study was

not C. diff. Of course I forget the name.

Margaret

> >

> >>

> >>

> >>

> >> Study links autism to gut microbes

> >>

> >> Randerson

> >> Monday September 4, 2006

> >> Guardian Unlimited

> >>

> >> A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today

raised hopes

> >> that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The

result

> >> are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible,

Professor

> >> Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he

was " cautiously

> >> optimistic " about them. He added that the study did not

suggest

> >> any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations.

Prof

> >> Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of

Science in

> >> Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel

problems

> >> such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they

may not

> >> have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team

> >> compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50

autistic

> >> children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects,

and found

> >> that the samples from autistic children had raised levels

of the

> >> bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] is

not

> >> doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly

explains

> >> their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More

speculatively, he

> >> said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins

that

> >> affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But

he

> >> warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you

never

> >> know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the team

set up

> >> a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of

> >> clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged

between

> >> four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium

naturally

> >> present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half

were given

> >> a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of

powder

> >> each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told

which

> >> group their children were in, parents were asked to record

their

> >> symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half

of

> >> children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids

because

> >> they did not want them to be swapped on to the

placebo. " Some of

> >> the parents worked

> >> out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want

to

> >> move on to the placebo because they were seeing some

positive

> >> results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their

child's

> >> concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother

said it

> >> was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.

> >>

> >>

> >>

> >>

> >>

> >> ----------------------------------------------------------------

--------

> >>

> >> No virus found in this incoming message.

> >> Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> >> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date:

9/1/06

> >>

> >>

> >

> >

> >

> > DISCLAIMER

> > No information contained in this post is to be construed as

medical advice. If you need medical advice, please seek it from a

suitably qualified practitioner.

> >

> >

[Guest guest]

Difficile!

I read somewhere that the toxins interfere with acetylcholine release....which would explain toe-walking ( shortened leg muscles)

Re: Universityof Reading!!Study links autism to gut microbes

Hi .I am interested in the strain of clostridium that Reading Uni found . Before I contact Reading Uni, do you know which strain of Clostridium bacteria it was? MilesJULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:> >>> Study links autism to gut microbes>> Randerson> Monday September 4, 2006> Guardian Unlimited>> A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised hopes> that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The result> are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor> Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was "cautiously> optimistic" about them. He added that the study did not suggest> any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof> Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science in> Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel problems> such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may not> have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team> compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic> children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and found> that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of the> bacterium clostridium. "Whatever is going on there, [it] is not> doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly explains> their gastro problems," said Prof Gibson. More speculatively, he> said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins that> affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he> warned: "The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never> know whether it is cause or effect." To find out, the team set up> a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of> clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged between> four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally> present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were given> a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of powder> each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told which> group their children were in, parents were asked to record their> symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of> children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because> they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. "Some of> the parents worked> out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to> move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive> results," said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their child's> concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said it> was "heartbreaking" to be told to move on to the placebo.>>>>> > ---------------------------------------------------------->> No virus found in this incoming message.> Checked by AVG Free Edition.> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date: 9/1/06>

[Guest guest]

The other Clostridia that have been written aboute are

C. botulinum, giving " floppy child " and SIDS, Sudden Infant death, as well as

Clostridium tetani, giving cramps or also reactive inhibition...

Geir Flatabø

On 9/5/06, mcollins2001uk <m.collins9@...> wrote:

I don't think it's " C.diff " but another Clostridial strain. HelenaParracho who did the work in getting the samples and liaising with

families told me that the strain identified in an earlier study wasnot C. diff. Of course I forget the name.Margaret> >> >>> >>> >>> >> Study links autism to gut microbes

> >>> >> Randerson> >> Monday September 4, 2006> >> Guardian Unlimited> >>> >> A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today

raised hopes> >> that the condition could be treated using probiotics. Theresult> >> are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible,Professor> >> Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he

was " cautiously> >> optimistic " about them. He added that the study did notsuggest> >> any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations.Prof> >> Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of

Science in> >> Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowelproblems> >> such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that theymay not> >> have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team

> >> compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50autistic> >> children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects,and found> >> that the samples from autistic children had raised levels

of the> >> bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] isnot> >> doing these children any good, and I think almost certainlyexplains> >> their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More

speculatively, he> >> said that some species of clostridium could produce toxinsthat> >> affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. Buthe> >> warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you

never> >> know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the teamset up> >> a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of> >> clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged

between> >> four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacteriumnaturally> >> present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; halfwere given> >> a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of

powder> >> each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being toldwhich> >> group their children were in, parents were asked to recordtheir> >> symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half

of> >> children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kidsbecause> >> they did not want them to be swapped on to theplacebo. " Some of> >> the parents worked

> >> out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't wantto> >> move on to the placebo because they were seeing somepositive> >> results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their

child's> >> concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mothersaid it> >> was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.> >>> >>

> >>> >>> >>> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> >>> >> No virus found in this incoming message.

> >> Checked by AVG Free Edition.> >> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date:9/1/06> >>> >>> >> >> >> > DISCLAIMER

> > No information contained in this post is to be construed asmedical advice. If you need medical advice, please seek it from asuitably qualified practitioner.> >> >

[Guest guest]

Please let us know.

As far as I know there are following common strains:

Difficile

Perfrigens (sp?)

Botulens ( gangrene)

Think I got that right :-))

* Re: Universityof> Reading!!Study links autism to gut microbes>> Hi .>> I am interested in the strain of clostridium that Reading Uni found .> Before I contact Reading Uni, do you know which strain of Clostridium> bacteria it was?>> Miles>> JULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:> >> >> >> > Study links autism to gut microbes> >> > Randerson> > Monday September 4, 2006> > Guardian Unlimited> >> > A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised hopes> > that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The result> > are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor> > Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was "cautiously> > optimistic" about them. He added that the study did not suggest> > any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof> > Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science in> > Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel problems> > such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may not> > have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team> > compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic> > children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and found> > that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of the> > bacterium clostridium. "Whatever is going on there, [it] is not> > doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly explains> > their gastro problems," said Prof Gibson. More speculatively, he> > said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins that> > affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he> > warned: "The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never> > know whether it is cause or effect." To find out, the team set up> > a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of> > clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged between> > four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally> > present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were given> > a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of powder> > each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told which> > group their children were in, parents were asked to record their> > symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of> > children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because> > they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. "Some of> > the parents worked> > out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to> > move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive> > results," said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their child's> > concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said it> > was "heartbreaking" to be told to move on to the placebo.> >> >> >> >> >> > ----------------------------------------------------------> >> > No virus found in this incoming message.> > Checked by AVG Free Edition.> > Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date:> 9/1/06> >>> > ---------------------------------------------------------->> No virus found in this incoming message.> Checked by AVG Free Edition.> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/437 - Release Date: 9/4/06>

[Guest guest]

OK.

said Difficile and Margaret thinks it was another one.

I will e-mail Prof Gibson and ask.

Miles

JULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:

> Difficile!

>

> I read somewhere that the toxins interfere with acetylcholine

> release....which would explain toe-walking ( shortened leg muscles)

>

>

>

> * Re: Universityof

> Reading!!Study links autism to gut microbes

>

> Hi .

>

> I am interested in the strain of clostridium that Reading Uni found .

> Before I contact Reading Uni, do you know which strain of Clostridium

> bacteria it was?

>

> Miles

>

> JULIE GRIFFITHS wrote:

> >

> >

> >

> > Study links autism to gut microbes

> >

> > Randerson

> > Monday September 4, 2006

> > Guardian Unlimited

> >

> > A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised hopes

> > that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The result

> > are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor

> > Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was " cautiously

> > optimistic " about them. He added that the study did not suggest

> > any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof

> > Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science in

> > Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel problems

> > such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may not

> > have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team

> > compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic

> > children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and found

> > that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of the

> > bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] is not

> > doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly explains

> > their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More speculatively, he

> > said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins that

> > affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he

> > warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never

> > know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the team set up

> > a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of

> > clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged between

> > four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally

> > present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were given

> > a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of powder

> > each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told which

> > group their children were in, parents were asked to record their

> > symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of

> > children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because

> > they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. " Some of

> > the parents worked

> > out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to

> > move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive

> > results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their child's

> > concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said it

> > was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.

> >

> >

> >

> >

> >

> > ----------------------------------------------------------

> >

> > No virus found in this incoming message.

> > Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> > Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release Date:

> 9/1/06

> >

>

>

> ------------------------------------------------------------------------

>

> No virus found in this incoming message.

> Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/437 - Release Date: 9/4/06

>

[Guest guest]

Please ask about the probiotic too!

Natasa

> > >

> > >

> > >

> > > Study links autism to gut microbes

> > >

> > > Randerson

> > > Monday September 4, 2006

> > > Guardian Unlimited

> > >

> > > A study linking autism with bacteria in the gut today raised

hopes

> > > that the condition could be treated using probiotics. The

result

> > > are very preliminary, but the scientist responsible, Professor

> > > Glenn Gibson of the University of Reading, said he was

" cautiously

> > > optimistic " about them. He added that the study did not

suggest

> > > any connection between autism and childhood vaccinations. Prof

> > > Gibson told the annual British Association Festival of Science

in

> > > Norwich that autistic children often suffered with bowel

problems

> > > such as diarrhoea and constipation, suggesting that they may

not

> > > have a normal collection of microbes in their guts. His team

> > > compared the bacteria in faeces samples taken from 50 autistic

> > > children with those taken from 50 non-autistic subjects, and

found

> > > that the samples from autistic children had raised levels of

the

> > > bacterium clostridium. " Whatever is going on there, [it] is

not

> > > doing these children any good, and I think almost certainly

explains

> > > their gastro problems, " said Prof Gibson. More speculatively,

he

> > > said that some species of clostridium could produce toxins

that

> > > affected the brain, possibly causing autistic symptoms. But he

> > > warned: " The problem with these kinds of studies is, you never

> > > know whether it is cause or effect. " To find out, the team set

up

> > > a trial of a probiotic treatment to reduce the level of

> > > clostridium. The trial involved 40 autistic children aged

between

> > > four and eight. Half were given a harmless bacterium naturally

> > > present in the gut, called lactobacillus lantarum; half were

given

> > > a placebo. The probiotic was administered as a gramme of

powder

> > > each day containing around 1bn bacteria. Without being told

which

> > > group their children were in, parents were asked to record

their

> > > symptoms. The results are inconclusive because around half of

> > > children dropped out. Some parents withdrew their kids because

> > > they did not want them to be swapped on to the placebo. " Some

of

> > > the parents worked

> > > out that their child was on the [probiotic] and didn't want to

> > > move on to the placebo because they were seeing some positive

> > > results, " said Prof Gibson. Parents reported that their

child's

> > > concentration and behaviour had improved, and one mother said

it

> > > was " heartbreaking " to be told to move on to the placebo.

> > >

> > >

> > >

> > >

> > >

> > > ----------------------------------------------------------

> > >

> > > No virus found in this incoming message.

> > > Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> > > Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/436 - Release

Date:

> > 9/1/06

> > >

> >

> >

> >

------------------------------------------------------------------------

> >

> > No virus found in this incoming message.

> > Checked by AVG Free Edition.

> > Version: 7.1.405 / Virus Database: 268.11.7/437 - Release Date:

9/4/06

> >

>