Which is better? Various forms of calcium used in food supplementation

[Guest guest]

Several articles with abstracts... I have one additional comparing several types

calcium used to supplement foods - but article at work...

Adv Food Nutr Res. 2008;54:219-346.

The health benefits of calcium citrate malate: a review of the supporting

science.

Reinwald S, Weaver CM, Kester JJ.

Source

Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,

USA.

Abstract

There has been considerable investigation into the health benefits of calcium

citrate malate (CCM) since it was first patented in the late 1980s. This chapter

is a comprehensive summary of the supporting science and available evidence on

the bioavailability and health benefits of consuming CCM. It highlights the

important roles that CCM can play during various life stages. CCM has been shown

to facilitate calcium retention and bone accrual in children and adolescents. In

adults, it effectively promotes the consolidation and maintenance of bone mass.

In conjunction with vitamin D, CCM also decreases bone fracture risk in the

elderly, slows the rate of bone loss in old age, and is of benefit to the health

and well-being of postmenopausal women. CCM is exceptional in that it confers

many unique benefits that go beyond bone health. Unlike other calcium sources

that necessitate supplementation be in conjunction with a meal to ensure an

appreciable benefit is derived, CCM can be consumed with or without food and

delivers a significant nutritional benefit to individuals of all ages. The

chemistry of CCM makes it a particularly beneficial calcium source for

individuals with hypochlorydia or achlorydia, which generally includes the

elderly and those on medications that decrease gastric acid secretion. CCM is

also recognized as a calcium source that does not increase the risk of kidney

stones, and in fact it protects against stone-forming potential. The versatile

nature of CCM makes it a convenient and practical calcium salt for use in moist

foods and beverages. The major factor that may preclude selection of CCM as a

preferred calcium source is the higher cost compared to other sources of calcium

commonly used for fortification (e.g., calcium carbonate and tricalcium

phosphate). However, formation of CCM directly within beverages or other fluid

foods and/or preparations, and the addition of a concentrated CCM solution or

slurry, are relatively cost-effective methods by which CCM can be incorporated

into finished food and beverage products.

PMID:

18291308

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):286-96.

Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: a review of forms, doses, and

indications.

Straub DA.

Source

Canyon Ranch, 10237 East Desert Flower Place, Tucson, AZ 85749, USA.

dstraub@...

Abstract

Most Americans do not meet the adequate intake (AI) for calcium; calcium

supplements can help meet requirements. Calcium supplementation has been found

to be beneficial for bone health in children, young adults, and menopausal

women. In addition to calcium, vitamin D is necessary for bone health and is

generally deficient in the industrialized world. Calcium from carbonate and

citrate are the most common forms of calcium supplements. Calcium carbonate, the

most cost-effective form, should be taken with a meal to ensure optimal

absorption. Calcium citrate can be taken without food and is the supplement of

choice for individuals with achlorhydria or who are taking histamine-2 blockers

or protein-pump inhibitors. Calcium lactate and calcium gluconate are less

concentrated forms of calcium and are not practical oral supplements. Research

on hydroxyapatite as a source of calcium is limited, so this form of calcium is

not recommended. The maximum dose of elemental calcium that should be taken at a

time is 500 mg. U.S. Pharmacopeia-verified calcium supplements meet vigorous

manufacturing and quality requirements. Absorption from calcium-fortified

beverages varies and in general is not equal to that of milk. Potential adverse

effects of calcium supplementation include gastrointestinal complaints. Renal

calculi in most studies have not been associated with calcium supplementation.

The risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer has been associated with calcium

intakes from food or supplements in amounts >1500 mg/d.

PMID:

17507729

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):310-6.

Absorption of calcium from milks enriched with fructo-oligosaccharides,

caseinophosphopeptides, tricalcium phosphate, and milk solids.

López-Huertas E, Teucher B, Boza JJ, Martínez-Férez A, Majsak-Newman G, Baró L,

Carrero JJ, González-Santiago M, Fonollá J, Fairweather-Tait S.

Source

Institute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Adequate intakes of calcium are required for optimal bone health and protection

against chronic disease. Dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.

OBJECTIVE:

The absorption of calcium from a range of fortified milks was measured in humans

with the use of stable isotopes.

DESIGN:

Fifteen volunteers participated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind

crossover study. Five types of semi-skimmed (1.9% fat) milk drinks were

administered with a light breakfast: standard milk (control milk); milk enriched

with calcium from milk solids and tricalcium phosphate [(TCP) MSS milk]; milk

enriched with calcium from concentrated milk (CON milk); milk with added

fructo-oligosaccharides [(FOSs) FOS milk]; and milk with added

caseinophosphopeptides [(CPPs) CPP milk]. All the milks were labeled with 42Ca

as CaCl2. The MSS milk was also labeled with 44Ca as TCP. The quantity of

calcium in each drink was kept the same by varying the volume given.

RESULTS:

Calcium absorption did not differ significantly between the control milk and the

calcium-fortified milks (MSS and CON milk) or the FOS and CPP milks. However,

calcium absorption from the TCP added to the MSS milk was significantly higher

than that from the control milk (27.5 +/- 7.6% and 24.5 +/- 7.3%, respectively;

P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Calcium-enriched milks are a valuable source of well-absorbed calcium.

Absorption of added calcium as TCP was higher than that of calcium from the

control milk, but the addition of FOSs or CPPs did not significantly increase

calcium absorption. Further research is needed to ascertain the

cost-effectiveness and public health benefits of consuming fortified milks.

PMID:

16469989

[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Above abstracts interesting...

Parrott, MS, RD, LD

[Guest guest]

After reading the abstact on the first article from Purdue University, I am wondering if there are any other forms of calcium citrate other than "malate". All of the calcium supplements we recommend are citrate but they do not specifically say malate and according to this article, this is the best. Can I assume that if it is citrate that it is also malate?

From: P <julie.parrott@...> Sent: Saturday, November 5, 2011 9:53 AMSubject: Which is better? Various forms of calcium used in food supplementation

Several articles with abstracts... I have one additional comparing several types calcium used to supplement foods - but article at work...Adv Food Nutr Res. 2008;54:219-346.The health benefits of calcium citrate malate: a review of the supporting science.Reinwald S, Weaver CM, Kester JJ.SourceDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.AbstractThere has been considerable investigation into the health benefits of calcium citrate malate (CCM) since it was first patented in the late 1980s. This chapter is a comprehensive summary of the supporting science and available evidence on the bioavailability and health benefits of consuming CCM. It highlights the important roles that CCM can play during various life stages. CCM has been shown to facilitate calcium retention and bone accrual in children and adolescents. In adults, it effectively promotes the consolidation and

maintenance of bone mass. In conjunction with vitamin D, CCM also decreases bone fracture risk in the elderly, slows the rate of bone loss in old age, and is of benefit to the health and well-being of postmenopausal women. CCM is exceptional in that it confers many unique benefits that go beyond bone health. Unlike other calcium sources that necessitate supplementation be in conjunction with a meal to ensure an appreciable benefit is derived, CCM can be consumed with or without food and delivers a significant nutritional benefit to individuals of all ages. The chemistry of CCM makes it a particularly beneficial calcium source for individuals with hypochlorydia or achlorydia, which generally includes the elderly and those on medications that decrease gastric acid secretion. CCM is also recognized as a calcium source that does not increase the risk of kidney stones, and in fact it protects against stone-forming potential. The versatile nature of CCM makes

it a convenient and practical calcium salt for use in moist foods and beverages. The major factor that may preclude selection of CCM as a preferred calcium source is the higher cost compared to other sources of calcium commonly used for fortification (e.g., calcium carbonate and tricalcium phosphate). However, formation of CCM directly within beverages or other fluid foods and/or preparations, and the addition of a concentrated CCM solution or slurry, are relatively cost-effective methods by which CCM can be incorporated into finished food and beverage products.PMID:18291308[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):286-96.Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: a review of forms, doses, and indications.Straub DA.SourceCanyon Ranch, 10237 East Desert Flower Place, Tucson, AZ 85749, USA. dstraub@...AbstractMost Americans do not meet the adequate intake (AI) for calcium; calcium supplements can help meet requirements. Calcium supplementation has been found to be beneficial for bone health in children, young adults, and menopausal women. In addition to calcium, vitamin D is necessary for bone health and is generally deficient in the industrialized world. Calcium from carbonate and citrate are the most common forms of calcium supplements. Calcium carbonate, the most cost-effective form, should be taken with a meal to ensure optimal absorption. Calcium citrate can be taken without food and is the supplement of choice for individuals with achlorhydria or who are taking histamine-2 blockers or protein-pump inhibitors. Calcium lactate and calcium gluconate are less concentrated forms of calcium and are not practical oral supplements. Research on hydroxyapatite as a source

of calcium is limited, so this form of calcium is not recommended. The maximum dose of elemental calcium that should be taken at a time is 500 mg. U.S. Pharmacopeia-verified calcium supplements meet vigorous manufacturing and quality requirements. Absorption from calcium-fortified beverages varies and in general is not equal to that of milk. Potential adverse effects of calcium supplementation include gastrointestinal complaints. Renal calculi in most studies have not been associated with calcium supplementation. The risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer has been associated with calcium intakes from food or supplements in amounts >1500 mg/d.PMID:17507729[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):310-6.Absorption of calcium from milks enriched with fructo-oligosaccharides, caseinophosphopeptides, tricalcium phosphate, and milk solids.López-Huertas E, Teucher B, Boza JJ, Martínez-Férez A,

Majsak-Newman G, Baró L, Carrero JJ, González-Santiago M, Fonollá J, Fairweather-Tait S.SourceInstitute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom.AbstractBACKGROUND:Adequate intakes of calcium are required for optimal bone health and protection against chronic disease. Dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.OBJECTIVE:The absorption of calcium from a range of fortified milks was measured in humans with the use of stable isotopes.DESIGN:Fifteen volunteers participated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Five types of semi-skimmed (1.9% fat) milk drinks were administered with a light breakfast: standard milk (control milk); milk enriched with calcium from milk solids and tricalcium phosphate [(TCP) MSS milk]; milk enriched with calcium from concentrated milk (CON milk); milk with added fructo-oligosaccharides [(FOSs) FOS milk]; and milk with added

caseinophosphopeptides [(CPPs) CPP milk]. All the milks were labeled with 42Ca as CaCl2. The MSS milk was also labeled with 44Ca as TCP. The quantity of calcium in each drink was kept the same by varying the volume given.RESULTS:Calcium absorption did not differ significantly between the control milk and the calcium-fortified milks (MSS and CON milk) or the FOS and CPP milks. However, calcium absorption from the TCP added to the MSS milk was significantly higher than that from the control milk (27.5 +/- 7.6% and 24.5 +/- 7.3%, respectively; P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS:Calcium-enriched milks are a valuable source of well-absorbed calcium. Absorption of added calcium as TCP was higher than that of calcium from the control milk, but the addition of FOSs or CPPs did not significantly increase calcium absorption. Further research is needed to ascertain the cost-effectiveness and public health benefits of consuming fortified

milks.PMID:16469989[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Above abstracts interesting... Parrott, MS, RD, LD West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.AbstractThere has been considerable investigation into the health benefits of calcium citrate malate (CCM) since it was first patented in the late 1980s. This chapter is a comprehensive summary of the supporting science and available evidence on the bioavailability and health benefits of consuming CCM. It highlights the important roles that CCM can play during various life stages. CCM has been shown to facilitate calcium retention and bone accrual in children and adolescents. In adults, it effectively promotes the consolidation and maintenance of bone mass. In conjunction with vitamin D, CCM also decreases bone fracture risk in the elderly, slows the rate of bone loss in old age, and is of benefit to the health and well-being of postmenopausal women. CCM is exceptional in that it confers many unique benefits that go beyond bone health. Unlike other calcium sources that

necessitate supplementation be in conjunction with a meal to ensure an appreciable benefit is derived, CCM can be consumed with or without food and delivers a significant nutritional benefit to individuals of all ages. The chemistry of CCM makes it a particularly beneficial calcium source for individuals with hypochlorydia or achlorydia, which generally includes the elderly and those on medications that decrease gastric acid secretion. CCM is also recognized as a calcium source that does not increase the risk of kidney stones, and in fact it protects against stone-forming potential. The versatile nature of CCM makes it a convenient and practical calcium salt for use in moist foods and beverages. The major factor that may preclude selection of CCM as a preferred calcium source is the higher cost compared to other sources of calcium commonly used for fortification (e.g., calcium carbonate and tricalcium phosphate). However, formation of CCM directly

within beverages or other fluid foods and/or preparations, and the addition of a concentrated CCM solution or slurry, are relatively cost-effective methods by which CCM can be incorporated into finished food and beverage products.PMID:18291308[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):286-96.Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: a review of forms, doses, and indications.Straub DA.SourceCanyon Ranch, 10237 East Desert Flower Place, Tucson, AZ 85749, USA. dstraub@...AbstractMost Americans do not meet the adequate intake (AI) for calcium; calcium supplements can help meet requirements. Calcium supplementation has been found to be beneficial for bone health in children, young adults, and menopausal women. In addition to calcium, vitamin D is

necessary for bone health and is generally deficient in the industrialized world. Calcium from carbonate and citrate are the most common forms of calcium supplements. Calcium carbonate, the most cost-effective form, should be taken with a meal to ensure optimal absorption. Calcium citrate can be taken without food and is the supplement of choice for individuals with achlorhydria or who are taking histamine-2 blockers or protein-pump inhibitors. Calcium lactate and calcium gluconate are less concentrated forms of calcium and are not practical oral supplements. Research on hydroxyapatite as a source of calcium is limited, so this form of calcium is not recommended. The maximum dose of elemental calcium that should be taken at a time is 500 mg. U.S. Pharmacopeia-verified calcium supplements meet vigorous manufacturing and quality requirements. Absorption from calcium-fortified beverages varies and in general is not equal to that of milk. Potential adverse

effects of calcium supplementation include gastrointestinal complaints. Renal calculi in most studies have not been associated with calcium supplementation. The risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer has been associated with calcium intakes from food or supplements in amounts >1500 mg/d.PMID:17507729[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):310-6.Absorption of calcium from milks enriched with fructo-oligosaccharides, caseinophosphopeptides, tricalcium phosphate, and milk solids.López-Huertas E, Teucher B, Boza JJ, Martínez-Férez A, Majsak-Newman G, Baró L, Carrero JJ, González-Santiago M, Fonollá J, Fairweather-Tait S.SourceInstitute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom.AbstractBACKGROUND:Adequate intakes of calcium are required for optimal bone health and protection against chronic disease. Dairy products are an excellent source of

calcium.OBJECTIVE:The absorption of calcium from a range of fortified milks was measured in humans with the use of stable isotopes.DESIGN:Fifteen volunteers participated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Five types of semi-skimmed (1.9% fat) milk drinks were administered with a light breakfast: standard milk (control milk); milk enriched with calcium from milk solids and tricalcium phosphate [(TCP) MSS milk]; milk enriched with calcium from concentrated milk (CON milk); milk with added fructo-oligosaccharides [(FOSs) FOS milk]; and milk with added caseinophosphopeptides [(CPPs) CPP milk]. All the milks were labeled with 42Ca as CaCl2. The MSS milk was also labeled with 44Ca as TCP. The quantity of calcium in each drink was kept the same by varying the volume given.RESULTS:Calcium absorption did not differ significantly between the control milk and the calcium-fortified milks (MSS and CON milk)

or the FOS and CPP milks. However, calcium absorption from the TCP added to the MSS milk was significantly higher than that from the control milk (27.5 +/- 7.6% and 24.5 +/- 7.3%, respectively; P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS:Calcium-enriched milks are a valuable source of well-absorbed calcium. Absorption of added calcium as TCP was higher than that of calcium from the control milk, but the addition of FOSs or CPPs did not significantly increase calcium absorption. Further research is needed to ascertain the cost-effectiveness and public health benefits of consuming fortified milks.PMID:16469989[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Above abstracts interesting... Parrott, MS, RD, LD

[Guest guest]

This is excellent, ! Thank you !

Strathdee, RD, LD, LMHC

Genesis Center for Weight Management

Davenport, IA>>> "P" <julie.parrott@...> 11/5/2011 8:53 AM >>>

Several articles with abstracts... I have one additional comparing several types calcium used to supplement foods - but article at work...Adv Food Nutr Res. 2008;54:219-346.The health benefits of calcium citrate malate: a review of the supporting science.Reinwald S, Weaver CM, Kester JJ.SourceDepartment of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.AbstractThere has been considerable investigation into the health benefits of calcium citrate malate (CCM) since it was first patented in the late 1980s. This chapter is a comprehensive summary of the supporting science and available evidence on the bioavailability and health benefits of consuming CCM. It highlights the important roles that CCM can play during various life stages. CCM has been shown to facilitate calcium retention and bone accrual in children and adolescents. In adults, it effectively promotes the consolidation and maintenance of bone mass. In conjunction with vitamin D, CCM also decreases bone fracture risk in the elderly, slows the rate of bone loss in old age, and is of benefit to the health and well-being of postmenopausal women. CCM is exceptional in that it confers many unique benefits that go beyond bone health. Unlike other calcium sources that necessitate supplementation be in conjunction with a meal to ensure an appreciable benefit is derived, CCM can be consumed with or without food and delivers a significant nutritional benefit to individuals of all ages. The chemistry of CCM makes it a particularly beneficial calcium source for individuals with hypochlorydia or achlorydia, which generally includes the elderly and those on medications that decrease gastric acid secretion. CCM is also recognized as a calcium source that does not increase the risk of kidney stones, and in fact it protects against stone-forming potential. The versatile nature of CCM makes it a convenient and practical calcium salt for use in moist foods and beverages. The major factor that may preclude selection of CCM as a preferred calcium source is the higher cost compared to other sources of calcium commonly used for fortification (e.g., calcium carbonate and tricalcium phosphate). However, formation of CCM directly within beverages or other fluid foods and/or preparations, and the addition of a concentrated CCM solution or slurry, are relatively cost-effective methods by which CCM can be incorporated into finished food and beverage products.PMID:18291308[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Nutr Clin Pract. 2007 Jun;22(3):286-96.Calcium supplementation in clinical practice: a review of forms, doses, and indications.Straub DA.SourceCanyon Ranch, 10237 East Desert Flower Place, Tucson, AZ 85749, USA. dstraub@...AbstractMost Americans do not meet the adequate intake (AI) for calcium; calcium supplements can help meet requirements. Calcium supplementation has been found to be beneficial for bone health in children, young adults, and menopausal women. In addition to calcium, vitamin D is necessary for bone health and is generally deficient in the industrialized world. Calcium from carbonate and citrate are the most common forms of calcium supplements. Calcium carbonate, the most cost-effective form, should be taken with a meal to ensure optimal absorption. Calcium citrate can be taken without food and is the supplement of choice for individuals with achlorhydria or who are taking histamine-2 blockers or protein-pump inhibitors. Calcium lactate and calcium gluconate are less concentrated forms of calcium and are not practical oral supplements. Research on hydroxyapatite as a source of calcium is limited, so this form of calcium is not recommended. The maximum dose of elemental calcium that should be taken at a time is 500 mg. U.S. Pharmacopeia-verified calcium supplements meet vigorous manufacturing and quality requirements. Absorption from calcium-fortified beverages varies and in general is not equal to that of milk. Potential adverse effects of calcium supplementation include gastrointestinal complaints. Renal calculi in most studies have not been associated with calcium supplementation. The risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer has been associated with calcium intakes from food or supplements in amounts >1500 mg/d.PMID:17507729[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):310-6.Absorption of calcium from milks enriched with fructo-oligosaccharides, caseinophosphopeptides, tricalcium phosphate, and milk solids.López-Huertas E, Teucher B, Boza JJ, Martínez-Férez A, Majsak-Newman G, Baró L, Carrero JJ, González-Santiago M, Fonollá J, Fairweather-Tait S.SourceInstitute of Food Research, Norwich, United Kingdom.AbstractBACKGROUND:Adequate intakes of calcium are required for optimal bone health and protection against chronic disease. Dairy products are an excellent source of calcium.OBJECTIVE:The absorption of calcium from a range of fortified milks was measured in humans with the use of stable isotopes.DESIGN:Fifteen volunteers participated in a randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Five types of semi-skimmed (1.9% fat) milk drinks were administered with a light breakfast: standard milk (control milk); milk enriched with calcium from milk solids and tricalcium phosphate [(TCP) MSS milk]; milk enriched with calcium from concentrated milk (CON milk); milk with added fructo-oligosaccharides [(FOSs) FOS milk]; and milk with added caseinophosphopeptides [(CPPs) CPP milk]. All the milks were labeled with 42Ca as CaCl2. The MSS milk was also labeled with 44Ca as TCP. The quantity of calcium in each drink was kept the same by varying the volume given.RESULTS:Calcium absorption did not differ significantly between the control milk and the calcium-fortified milks (MSS and CON milk) or the FOS and CPP milks. However, calcium absorption from the TCP added to the MSS milk was significantly higher than that from the control milk (27.5 +/- 7.6% and 24.5 +/- 7.3%, respectively; P = 0.003).CONCLUSIONS:Calcium-enriched milks are a valuable source of well-absorbed calcium. Absorption of added calcium as TCP was higher than that of calcium from the control milk, but the addition of FOSs or CPPs did not significantly increase calcium absorption. Further research is needed to ascertain the cost-effectiveness and public health benefits of consuming fortified milks.PMID:16469989[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Above abstracts interesting... Parrott, MS, RD, LD

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