Re: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

[Guest guest]

All,

The use of the word 'force' in this is seriously disturbing. It sounds as though this practitioner had little experience with new babies and had little respect for the power he had in his hands. Babies of that age respond well to minimal (MINIMAL) pressure ....putting a baby of that age into a fully flexed position would be contraindicated...they do not have the ligamentous resiliency throughout the spine to guard against lengthening of that nature. Very tragic event .... would not want to be that practitioner right now.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC Fibromyalgia Care Center of Oregon 2677 Willakenzie Road, 7CEugene, Oregon, 97401541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:39:07 -0800Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/Sharron FuchsSent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

if this is the same work I learned in the 1980s from Mac DO then I would says it is not plausible.

From: Sharron Fuchs <sharronf@...>Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy"Oregon DCs" < >Date: Friday, February 18, 2011, 6:39 AM

Does this sound plausible?http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/Sharron FuchsSent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

Quote " So called craniotherapist". What type of training , if any, and what kind of licensure? PT, LMT, Acupuncturist? I doubt a DC woud be so callous nor not be alarmed when the baby lost continence. Why were the parents seeking treatment... mild motor unrest? What is that... the baby crying? Colic? Agitation....but oh yea let's lump this with " forced manipulation of the neck". Guess all you Choirpracters better stay in the back of the bus where ya'll belong.

So out of the MILLIONS of cervical adjustments to infants they could find 2 deaths.... yet the medical and pharmaceautical people kill THOUSANDS weekly...... gimme a break.

Danno

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/Sharron FuchsSent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

This " practitioner " was not listed even in the " Nederlandse Cranio

Sacraal Vereniging (Dutch CranioSacral Association), " which stated they

did not recognise this manipulation. Neither was the practitioner

listed among those in that countriy who are licensed to give " manual

therapy " .

Finally, the description of the 'therapy' sounded grossly

inappropriate, at least from description.

I've entrained babies in Neo Natal Intensive Care Units, even in one

situation where there was some question about whether the baby would

make it. There was a somewhat 'miraculous' recovery, following

entrainment/adjustment. The 'force' necessary for great change was no

more than one would touch one's eye through an eye-lid. Very, very

light...babies are so responsive.

Very, very sad situation for this family in the referenced article.

And unfortunate the 'scaring' associated to the public, and dissuasion

from receiving care, when the 'practitioner' sounds like they were not

operating with any real license or training.

_________________________________

Dr. Dawn Sea Kahrs, DC

Graceful Waves Chiropractic

P.O. Box 53

Wheeler, OR 97147

Phone: (503) 374-9504

E-mail: dawnseakahrs@...

" Be the change you wish to see in the world. " -Mahatma Gandhi

" Healing is the revealing of one's inherent wholeness. Its midwife and

child is contribution in humanity. " -Dawn Sea Kahrs, DC

On Feb 18, 2011, at 8:34 AM, D Beebe, D.C. wrote:

>  Quote " So called craniotherapist " . What type of training , if any,

> and what kind of licensure? PT, LMT, Acupuncturist? I doubt a DC woud

> be so callous nor not be  alarmed when the baby lost continence. Why

> were the parents seeking treatment... mild motor unrest? What is

> that... the baby crying? Colic? Agitation....but oh yea let's lump

> this with " forced manipulation of the neck " . Guess all you

> Choirpracters better stay in the back of the bus where ya'll belong.

>  

> So out of the MILLIONS of cervical adjustments to infants they could

> find 2 deaths.... yet the medical and pharmaceautical people kill

> THOUSANDS weekly...... gimme a break.

>  

> Danno

>> Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

>>

>>  

>>

>> Does this sound plausible?

>>

>> http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-

>> craniosacral-therapy/

>>

>> Sharron Fuchs

>>

>> Sent from my iPhone

>

[Guest guest]

I thought the commentary by the people at

the bottom was good. Even though the authors were unconvinced the dialog was professional

and open.

s. fuchs dc

From: D Beebe,

D.C. [mailto:daniel.beebe@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

8:35 AM

Oregon DCs; Sharron Fuchs

Subject: Re:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Quote " So called craniotherapist " . What

type of training , if any, and what kind of licensure? PT, LMT, Acupuncturist?

I doubt a DC woud be so callous nor not be alarmed when the baby lost

continence. Why were the parents seeking treatment... mild motor unrest? What

is that... the baby crying? Colic? Agitation....but oh yea let's lump this with

" forced manipulation of the neck " . Guess all you Choirpracters

better stay in the back of the bus where ya'll belong.

So out of the MILLIONS of cervical adjustments to infants

they could find 2 deaths.... yet the medical and pharmaceautical people kill

THOUSANDS weekly...... gimme a break.

Danno

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this

sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

This case appears to be from 2009.

s. fuchs dc

From: Dr. Kahn

[mailto:gregorykahndc@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

8:33 AM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: Re:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

if this is the same work I learned in the 1980s from

Mac DO then I would says it is not plausible.

From: Sharron Fuchs <sharronf@...>

Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

" Oregon DCs " < >

Date: Friday, February 18, 2011, 6:39 AM

Does this sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

This type of review and dialog is exactly

why I feel a registry of our own for data and search for cause is a good idea.

s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn

[mailto:skrndc1@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

7:53 AM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: RE:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

All,

The use of the word 'force' in this is seriously disturbing. It

sounds as though this practitioner had little experience with new babies and

had little respect for the power he had in his hands. Babies of that age

respond well to minimal (MINIMAL) pressure ....putting a baby of

that age into a fully flexed position would be contraindicated...they do not

have the ligamentous resiliency throughout the spine to guard

against lengthening of that nature. Very tragic event .... would not

want to be that practitioner right now.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC

Fibromyalgia Care

Center of Oregon

2677 Willakenzie Road, 7C

Eugene, Oregon,

97401

541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834

www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...

Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:39:07 -0800

Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

Discussion amongst us is what the listserve is for ..... in the current political environment surrounding health care, it seems to me that a registry would come back to haunt us. I could not support such a move.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC Fibromyalgia Care Center of Oregon 2677 Willakenzie Road, 7CEugene, Oregon, 97401541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 10:34:52 -0800Subject: RE: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

This type of review and dialog is exactly why I feel a registry of our own for data and search for cause is a good idea.

s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn [mailto:skrndc1@...] Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011 7:53 AMSharron Fuchs; Subject: RE: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

All, The use of the word 'force' in this is seriously disturbing. It sounds as though this practitioner had little experience with new babies and had little respect for the power he had in his hands. Babies of that age respond well to minimal (MINIMAL) pressure ....putting a baby of that age into a fully flexed position would be contraindicated...they do not have the ligamentous resiliency throughout the spine to guard against lengthening of that nature. Very tragic event .... would not want to be that practitioner right now. Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC Fibromyalgia Care Center of Oregon 2677 Willakenzie Road, 7CEugene, Oregon, 97401541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:39:07 -0800Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/Sharron FuchsSent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

Local outcomes data to give to the public

and to the healthcare providers that care for the ‘alleged’

injuries is our strongest ally. If DC practices are hurting for lack of

patients this may be one reason why. The public is aware of stroke risk with

Chiropractic care. How to counter it is my question? Is giving up HVLA an

option?

Here is an Osteopathic ‘ Centers for

Osteopathic Research’ powerpoint presentation on HVLA:

www.ohiocore.org/gfx/media/40.../7_cervical_hvla_05-06.ppt

s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn

[mailto:skrndc1@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

12:00 PM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: RE:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Discussion amongst us is what the

listserve is for ..... in the current political environment surrounding health

care, it seems to me that a registry would come back to haunt us. I could

not support such a move.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC

Fibromyalgia Care

Center of Oregon

2677 Willakenzie Road, 7C

Eugene, Oregon,

97401

541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834

www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...

Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 10:34:52 -0800

Subject: RE: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

This type of review and dialog is exactly

why I feel a registry of our own for data and search for cause is a good idea.

s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn

[mailto:skrndc1@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

7:53 AM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: RE:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

All,

The use of the word 'force' in this is seriously disturbing. It

sounds as though this practitioner had little experience with new babies and

had little respect for the power he had in his hands. Babies of that age

respond well to minimal (MINIMAL) pressure ....putting a baby of

that age into a fully flexed position would be contraindicated...they do not

have the ligamentous resiliency throughout the spine to guard

against lengthening of that nature. Very tragic event .... would not

want to be that practitioner right now.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC

Fibromyalgia Care

Center of Oregon

2677 Willakenzie Road, 7C

Eugene, Oregon,

97401

541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834

www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...

Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:39:07 -0800

Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

All,

Does anyone remember the practitioner that was demonstrating cervical manipulation at a PDX Oregon function, called I think, "Psychic Fair" Or something like that. It was held at the Convention Center and a few Chiropractor noticed him demonstrating what he called a type of Cranio-sacral/neck adjustment. It was quite brutal appearing and several public members who took advantage of his sevices went away with headaches. I can't remember is he was charging $50/session or something like that. It was about 2 yrs ago when I was still on the board. We did find him in violation thanks to several docs who took the time to video it and offer their personal observations. He was banned from doing this in Oregon, Calif and Hawaii. I can't remember his name or website now. I wonder if this is the same practitioner or one of his students? At any rate, this procedure; by the description can hardly be called craino-sacral in my opinion. There were several things wrong with the procedure on that infant. How devastating for the family. Sharon, may I copy your email and send it to the OBCE to cross check if this is the same fellow?

Minga Guerrero DC

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

"Oregon DCs" < >

Date: Friday, February 18, 2011, 6:39 AM

Does this sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

Minga I remember that. He was charging more like $200 for a guaranteed correction. Had some degree from spinology or something like that. I also wrote a letter / and signed an affadavidt about it to the board with about 4 or 5 others ElliottSent via BlackBerry by AT&TFrom: AboWoman@...Sender: Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 16:12:33 -0500< >Subject: Re: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy All,Does anyone remember the practitioner that was demonstrating cervical manipulation at a PDX Oregon function, called I think, "Psychic Fair" Or something like that. It was held at the Convention Center and a few Chiropractor noticed him demonstrating what he called a type of Cranio-sacral/neck adjustment. It was quite brutal appearing and several public members who took advantage of his sevices went away with headaches. I can't remember is he was charging $50/session or something like that. It was about 2 yrs ago when I was still on the board. We did find him in violation thanks to several docs who took the time to video it and offer their personal observations. He was banned from doing this in Oregon, Calif and Hawaii. I can't remember his name or website now. I wonder if this is the same practitioner or one of his students? At any rate, this procedure; by the description can hardly be called craino-sacral in my opinion. There were several things wrong with the procedure on that infant. How devastating for the family. Sharon, may I copy your email and send it to the OBCE to cross check if this is the same fellow?Minga Guerrero DC Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy"Oregon DCs" < >Date: Friday, February 18, 2011, 6:39 AM Does this sound plausible?http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/Sharron FuchsSent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

Is giving up NSAIDs an option? Seitz, DC Tuality Physicians 730-D SE Oak St Hillsboro, OR 97123 (503)640-3724Sue

Sue is a journalist for Medscape. She

joined theheart.org, part of the WebMD Professional Network, in 2000. She was

previously science editor of Scrip World Pharmaceutical News. Graduating in

pharmacy from Manchester University, UK, she started her career as a hospital

pharmacist before moving as a journalist to a UK pharmacy trade publication. She

can be reached at Shughes@....

From Heartwire

NSAID Use

Associated With Future Stroke in Healthy Population

Sue

September 8, 2010 (Stockholm, Sweden) — Short-term use of nonsteroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was associated with an increased risk of

stroke in a Danish population study including only healthy individuals.

Presenting the study at last week's European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2010 Congress, Dr Gunnar Gislason (Gentofte

University Hospital,

Hellerup, Denmark) said the results could have

"massive public-health implications."

"First we found an increased risk of MI

with NSAIDs. Now we are finding the same thing for stroke. This is very

serious, as these drugs are very widely used, with many available over the

counter," Gislason told heartwire . "We need to get the message

out to healthcare authorities that these drugs need to be regulated more

carefully."

Cochair of the session at which the study was

presented, Dr Califf (Duke Clinical Research Institute,

Durham, NC), agreed that the results raised a major public-health issue,

especially in the US, where many NSAIDs were available without a prescription.

For the current study, Gislason and colleagues

examined the risk of stroke and NSAID use in healthy individuals living in

Denmark. He explained to heartwire that information on each

individual in the Danish population is kept in various national registries. His

team started with the whole population of Denmark aged over 10 years. To select

just the healthy individuals, they excluded anyone admitted to the hospital

within the past five years or those prescribed chronic medications for more

than two years. This left a population of around half a million, who were

included in the study. By linking to prescribing registries, the researchers

found that 45% of these healthy individuals had received at least one

prescription for an NSAID between 1997 and 2005. They then used stroke data

from further hospitalization and death registries and estimated the risk of

fatal and nonfatal stroke associated with the use of NSAIDs by

proportional-hazard models and case-crossover analyses.

Results showed that NSAID use was associated

with an increased risk of stroke. This increased risk ranged from about 30%

with ibuprofen and naproxen to 86% with diclofenac.

Risk of Stroke With Various Nsaids

NSAID

HR

(95% CI) for risk of stroke

Ibuprofen

1.28

(1.14–1.44)

Diclofenac

1.86

(1.58–2.19)

Rofecoxib

1.61

(1.14–2.29)

Celecoxib

1.69

(1.11–2.26)

Naproxen

1.35

(1.01–1.79)

Gislason noted that there was also a

dose-relationship found, with the increased risk of stroke reaching 90% (HR

1.90) with doses of ibuprofen over 200 mg and 100% (HR 2.0) with diclofenac

doses over 100 mg. He pointed out that the results were particularly striking,

given that this study was conducted in healthy individuals.

He conceded that his results could have some

confounding but noted that the data were controlled for age, gender, and

socioeconomic status and the patient population did not include those with

chronic diseases. "We also have to think about the degree of confounding

needed to nullify risk. It would have to increase risk four- to fivefold, which

is very unlikely," he commented.

He said he did not find the results that

surprising in view of the accumulating evidence of increased MI risk with these

drugs, adding that the mechanism was probably the same. There have been several

hypotheses about the mechanism linking NSAIDs with cardiovascular events,

including increased thrombotic effect on platelets, the endothelium, and/or atherosclerotic

plaques; increasing blood pressure; and effect on the kidneys and salt

retention.

Gislason told heartwire that there is reluctance among the

medical profession to limit the prescribing of these drugs. "The problem

is that we don't have randomized trials, and it is very hard to change the

habits of doctors. They have been using these drugs for decades without

thinking about cardiovascular side effects."

He also stressed that the public needs to be

protected by not allowing NSAIDs to be bought without a prescription. He has

had some success in this regard in Denmark at least, where diclofenac

became available over the counter recently, but after some of the MI data came

out, Gislason's group campaigned the health authorities, and it has now become

a prescription-only drug again. But he noted that many more NSAIDs are

available over the counter in the US.

He believes the harmful effects of these agents

are relevant to huge numbers of people. "If half the population takes

these drugs, even on an occasional basis, then this could be responsible for a

50% to 100% increase in stroke risk. It is an enormous effect."

These results have been partly published in Circulation:

Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes earlier this year [1]. Gislason

told heart wire that the novelty of the results

presented at the ESC meeting was that "we had further analyzed our data

regarding specific stroke and looked at the risk of ischemic stroke, and we

confirmed that the risk of ischemic stroke was substantially elevated." He

added: "We are in the process of analyzing these data related to time to

risk and the effect of duration of treatment on stroke risk."

References

1.

Fosbøl EL, Folke F, sen S, et al. Cause-specific CV risk

associated with NSAIDs among healthy individuals. Circ

Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010;

3:395-405. Abstract

Heartwire © 2010 Medscape,

LLC

From: sharronf@...Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 12:20:50 -0800Subject: RE: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Local outcomes data to give to the public

and to the healthcare providers that care for the ‘alleged’

injuries is our strongest ally. If DC practices are hurting for lack of

patients this may be one reason why. The public is aware of stroke risk with

Chiropractic care. How to counter it is my question? Is giving up HVLA an

option?

Here is an Osteopathic ‘ Centers for

Osteopathic Research’ powerpoint presentation on HVLA:

www.ohiocore.org/gfx/media/40.../7_cervical_hvla_05-06.ppt

s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn

[mailto:skrndc1@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

12:00 PM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: RE:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Discussion amongst us is what the

listserve is for ..... in the current political environment surrounding health

care, it seems to me that a registry would come back to haunt us. I could

not support such a move.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC

Fibromyalgia Care

Center of Oregon

2677 Willakenzie Road, 7C

Eugene, Oregon,

97401

541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834

www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...

Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 10:34:52 -0800

Subject: RE: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

This type of review and dialog is exactly

why I feel a registry of our own for data and search for cause is a good idea.

s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn

[mailto:skrndc1@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

7:53 AM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: RE:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

All,

The use of the word 'force' in this is seriously disturbing. It

sounds as though this practitioner had little experience with new babies and

had little respect for the power he had in his hands. Babies of that age

respond well to minimal (MINIMAL) pressure ....putting a baby of

that age into a fully flexed position would be contraindicated...they do not

have the ligamentous resiliency throughout the spine to guard

against lengthening of that nature. Very tragic event .... would not

want to be that practitioner right now.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC

Fibromyalgia Care

Center of Oregon

2677 Willakenzie Road, 7C

Eugene, Oregon,

97401

541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834

www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...

Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:39:07 -0800

Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone

[Guest guest]

Sharron,At this time in history, if a chiropractor makes an error, it will be all over the news. If an MD makes an error, it is covered up most of the time. I agree with Sunny and others. We cannot afford, at this time, the potential of ONE error being blown out of proportion and adversely affecting us immensely. Dave Cassidy's study is not perfect but it does give us clear data to see that we are so much safer than many meds and things done daily by MDs.Is it safe to walk across a street or to drive on the freeway? Are those activities perhaps more dangerous than an hva? Everything in life has SOME risk to it; we need to be reasonable. I think, from Dr. Cassidy's study, that we can draw enough accurate comparisons to inform our patients more than adequately and meanwhile, continue to improve our skills and educate the public as to positive changes that have occurred with patients following chiropractic care. Perhaps we are wise to become more proactive rather than defensive.

Janet L Rueger, DCCertified in CraniopathyCertified BodyTalk Practitioner149 Clear Creek Dr., # 105Ashland, OR, 97520541-690-6799bodytalk@...

On Feb 18, 2011, at 10:34 AM, Sharron Fuchs wrote:

This type of review and dialog is exactly

why I feel a registry of our own for data and search for cause is a good idea. s. fuchs dc

From: Sunny Kierstyn

[mailto:skrndc1@...]

Sent: Friday, February 18, 2011

7:53 AM

Sharron Fuchs;

Subject: RE:

Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

All,

The use of the word 'force' in this is seriously disturbing. It

sounds as though this practitioner had little experience with new babies and

had little respect for the power he had in his hands. Babies of that age

respond well to minimal (MINIMAL) pressure ....putting a baby of

that age into a fully flexed position would be contraindicated...they do not

have the ligamentous resiliency throughout the spine to guard

against lengthening of that nature. Very tragic event .... would not

want to be that practitioner right now.

Sunny

Sunny Kierstyn, RN DC

Fibromyalgia Care

Center of Oregon

2677 Willakenzie Road, 7C

Eugene, Oregon,

97401

541- 654-0850; Fx; 541- 654-0834

www.drsunnykierstyn.com

From: sharronf@...

Date: Fri, 18 Feb 2011 06:39:07 -0800

Subject: Death After Cranio-sacral Therapy

Does this sound plausible?

http://anaximperator.wordpress.com/2009/05/07/infant-dies-after-craniosacral-therapy/

Sharron Fuchs

Sent from my iPhone