long ,,, but has info as well

[Guest guest]

MOLD TIMELINE - with URLs

by

Everette Lee Herndon, Jr.

B.C./A.D. Leviticus 13-14. If the mildew spreads, the unclean

item or property must be removed and destroyed.

1837 Stachybotrys chartarum first described by Corda from

wallpaper collected in a home in Prague.

1920's Toxic effects of stachybotrys chartarum reported in

Russia.

1940's Reports of stachybotryotoxicosis in humans reported

in Russia.

1969 Pontiac Fever - 144 cases of building related

illness, Pontiac, Michigan

1970's Yellow Rain attacks in Southeast Asia - associated

with mycotoxin known as trichothecene

1970's L. King, Technical Advisor to the National

Institute of Disaster Restoration - On the origins of mold

remediation - " Problems associated with mildew were being discussed

in the 70's. "

07-00-76 Legionnaires' Disease. Legionella bacteria, 221

cases of pneumonia reported, 34 deaths. Philadelphia.

1979 ls of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (journal) -

P.P.Kozak - Currently Available Methods for Home Mold Surveys.

Factors of importance in determining the prevalence of indoor molds.

1980 ls of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (journal) -

Currently Available Methods for Home Mould Surveys: II. Examples of

Problem Homes Studied by PP Kozak.

1983 Annu Rev Public Health - Health Effects of Indoor

Pollutants by MD Liebowitz

12-09-83 Martensen v. S & S Constr. Co. No. 30-58-07 (Orange

County, Cal. Dec. 9, 1983) - verdict awarding $125,000 to three

plaintiffs claiming emotional distress, pre-existing allergies,

pneumonia, and asthma from mold growth caused by water seepage in

their family room.

03-00-85 Eur J Epidemiol, R.A. Samson - Occurrence of molds

in modern living and working environments.

1986 Washington Court Condominium Ass'n-Four v.

Washington-Golf Corp., 501 N.E.2d 1290 (111. App. Ct. 1986) -

alleging damages related to water intrusion from windows and an

exterior sliding door.

1986 Atmospheric Environment - W.A. Croft - Airborne

Outbreak of Trichothecene Toxicosis. Potential problem with

stachybotrys chartarum. Family in Chicago home with complaints of

medical problems, traced to stachybotrys and trichothecene

toxicosis. Accumulation of data over past 60 years tells us that we

should not handle materials contaminated with stachybotrys. Commonly

found in homes with water damage. Can grow behind walls

undiscovered, can grow profusely on sheetrock.

1987 v. Kennedy No. 610643-8 (Alameda

County, Cal. Super. Ct. 1987) - settlement awarding $33,000 to

tenants who alleged that they suffered emotional distress because

roof leaks resulted in extensive mold and mildew contamination

1987 American Conference of Governmental Industrial

Hygienists (ACGIH), Bioaerosol Committee developed Bioaerosol

Guidelines.

1987 Proceedings of IAQ 87 - Approaches to the

Control of Indoor Microbial Contamination

1987 Canada - Federal-Provincial Committee on

Occupational Safety & Health - guidelines for indoor air

contaminants in residential housing

04-22-88 Holbrook v. Barratt American, Inc. No. 43-95-29

(Orange County, Cal. April 22, 1988) - verdict awarding plaintiffs

$30,000 for respiratory infections, allergies, and aggravation of

diabetes and hypertension allegedly caused by mold growth related to

roof leaks from negligent construction.

1989 American Conference of Governmental Industrial

Hygienists (ACGIH), Bioaerosol Committee revises Bioaerosol

Guidelines. Recommended a protocol for evaluating mold and

introduced idea of remediation.

1989 Occup Med State Art Rev - Indoor Air and Infectious

Disease by H. Burge.

1989 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome.

Published litigation - Canada, Quebec government Bureau de Revision

de la Commission de la Sante et de la Securite du Travail - growth

of stachybotrys in workplace is a violation of Quebec health and

safety legislation

01-00-90 US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) &

American Lung Association - Biological Pollutants in Your Home

1990 World Health Organization (WHO) - more than 200

mycotoxins produced by a variety of common fungi.

1990 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

B.B. Jarvis - " Mycotoxins and Indoor Air Quality " - found in:

Biological Contaminants in Indoor Environments (ASTM STP 1071)

H.A. Burge - " The Fungi " - found in Biological Contaminants In

Indoor Environments (ASTM STP 1071)

05-00-90 EPA, IAQ-0022 - Compendium of Methods for the

Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air. Standardized sampling

and analysis procedures for determining indoor pollutants.

1991 v. Lakeside Village Condominium Ass'n, Inc.,

2 Cal. Rptr.2d 796 (Ct. App. 1991) - affirming summary judgment for

defendant condominium association in 1986 case alleging that its

negligence in failing to repair and maintain the plumbing system in

plaintiff's condominium caused plaintiff to suffer allergies,

asthma, and immune dysregulation.

1991 American Journal of Epidemiology - Respiratory

Health Effects of Home Dampness and Molds among Canadian Children.

1991 Journal of Applied Bacteriology Symposium

Supplement - Allergenic and toxigenic micro-organisms in houses.

1991 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome.

Published Court of Appeal decision in case of vs. Lakeside

Village Condo, held statute of limitations applies to homeowners

claim against homeowners association for failure to repair water

leaks which lead to injuries from exposure to toxic mold. Exposure

in 1983, sought medical attention in 1983-84, had knowledge of cause

of injury in Oct 1984, diagnosed as immune dysregulation in 1986.

1991 Article entitled " Sewage Backflow Remediation "

written by IICRC Water Restoration Technician Advisory Committee,

EPA and Research Triangle Institute and used as basis for IICRC

s500 " Standard and Reference Guide for Professional Restoration

Certification - per Jeff Bishop of Clean Care Seminars, Inc.

02-00-91 Enviros - Sick Building Syndrome & Building Related

Illness. By A. . Biological contamination by fungi

following water damage.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/N01_02.htm

03-00-91 Enviros - Aerobiology of the Office Environment -

Microbiological Agents: Overlooked Indoor Air Pollutants. By Chin S.

Yang, Ph.D. Water damage can lead to fungal spores and fungal growth

within 24 hours.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/N01_03.htm

04-00-91 EPA, IAQ-0004 (402-F-94-004) - Sick Building

Syndrome, causes, investigations, solutions. Includes biological

contaminants such as mold, etc. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/sbs.html

12-00-91 EPA - IAQ - Appendix C: Moisture, Mold and Mildew

(From: Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and

Facility Managers)

http://www.epa.gov/iedweb00/base/graphics/appenc.pdf

1992 American Red Cross (ARC 4477) & FEMA (FEMA 234) -

Repairing Your Flooded Home

1992 J Med Vet Mycol., R.C. Summerbell - Ecology of

Fungi in Human Dwellings.

1992 Atmospheric Environ - Fungi As Contaminants in

Indoor Air, by JD .

1992 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome.

Polk County courthouse in Florida evacuated 600 employees after

discovery of Aspergillus versicolor growing due to construction

defects. [Jury later awarded $40 million in personal injury claims

in cases involving Reliance Insurance Company. In addition, there

were 200 workers comp claims and 180 separate lawsuits against the

builder and the county.]

01-00-92 EPA - (600-8-91-202) - Indoor Biological Pollutants,

by H. Burge.

03-00-92 Enviros - Legionella Bacteria in Office Buildings. By

Ling-Ling Hung, Ph.D. and Chin S. Yang,

Ph.D

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/N02_03.htm

06-00-92 Enviros - Environmental Awareness Education and

Training. By Chin S. Yang, Ph.D. and Sue , Ph.D. Need education

in indoor pollutants and remediation.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/N02_06.htm

10-13-92 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

County, Florida. Lawsuit against contractor filed for sick

building syndrome and construction defects. [Recently a $14 million

verdict affirmed by Florida Court of Appeals.]

1993 National Academy of Sciences reports that all

species of mold are allergenic.

1993 B. Flannigan - Health Implications of Fungus in

Indoor Environments, an overview.

1993 Proceedings of Indoor Air - E. Johanning - Clinical

Epidemiological Investigation of Health Effects Caused by

Stachybotrys Atra Building Contamination.

1993 Clinical epidemiological study - health problems of

workers in water damage building, worked in water damaged buildings

in 1980's.

1993 Canada - Federal-Provincial Committee on

Occupational Safety & Health - more detailed guidelines for indoor

air contaminants in residential housing

01-00-93 North Carolina State University - Mold, Dust Mites,

Fungi, Spores, and Pollen: Bioaerosols in the Human Environment.

Molds and fungi can cause health problems, grow following water

damage, in crawl spaces, walls, etc.

http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/fcs/housing/docs/fcs3605.html

03-00-93 EPA, IAQ-0029 - Targeting Indoor Air Pollution:

EPA's Approach and

Progress

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/targetng.html

03-03-93 Chicago Tribune - " Buildings That Sicken " - toxic

mold

05-07-93 New York City, Dept of Health, Bureau of

Environmental & Occupational Disease Epidemiology - Guidelines on

Assessment and Remediation of Stachybotrys Atra in Indoor

Environments. Panel of experts, including CDC, NIOSH, etc. Mold

following water damage. Visual inspection. Remove it. Level III =

large scale remediation = more than 30 square feet - need trained

personnel, containment, HEPA, sealed bags, removal.

08-00-93 EPA, IAQ-0061 (402F-93-005) - Flood Cleanup:

Avoiding Indoor Air Quality. Problems, after flooding, moisture,

microorganisms, cleanup. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/flood.html

08-00-93 Enviros - Protocol for Microbial Control in

Buildings After Water Intrusion. By A. & Chin S. Yang,

Ph.D. Improper attention paid to microbial problems following water

loss, fungi start to grow within 24 hours, should remove and dispose

of wet ceiling tiles and drywall within 24 hours after water

contact, remove and replace all drywall up to 12 inches above

waterline.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/N03_08.htm

1994 Harvard University School of Public Health study of

10,000 homes in US and Canada found half had " conditions of water

damage and mold associated with a 50 to 100 % increase in

respiratory symptoms. "

1994 Chenniliaro v. Kaufman & Broad Home Sys. of La.,

Inc. 636 So.2d 246 (La. Ct. App. 1994) - amending and affirming a

jury verdict in a 1988 products liability case alleging personal

injury and property damages from mold growth in a mobile home.

1994 American Journal of Industrial Medicine, P.L.

Auger - Clinical Experience with Patients Suffering ...Airborne Mold.

1994 American Environmental Laboratory, S.A. Crow -

Microbial Ecology of Buildings: Effects of Fungi on Indoor Air

Quality.

1994 Building Science Corp - Mold, Moisture & Indoor Air

Quality: A Guide to Designers, Builders, and Building Owners.

Available from Building Science Corp. (978) 589-5100 or

info@...

1993-1994 Cleveland, Ohio - infants died, stachybotrys following

water damage found in homes.

09-00-94 Enviros - Toxic Effects of Some Common Indoor

Fungi. By Chin S. Yang, Ph.D. There has been an explosion of cases

related to toxigenic fungi in US and Canada over last 3 years,

courthouse in Florida, schools, etc. Water intrusion must be taken

care of within 24 hours. Large contaminated areas must use asbestos-

like remediation procedures.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/R04_09.htm

http://www.pgccinc.com/articles/toxic.htm

http://www.create-your-healthy-home.com/Free%

20Info/toxic_effects_of_indoor_fungi.htm

12-00-94 Enviros - Regulating Indoor Microbes. By A.

. Indoor microbes represent over one-third of the IAQ problems

in buildings.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/N04_12.htm

12-09-94 US Dept Health and Human Services - MMWR -

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report - Acute Pulmonary

Hemorrhage/Hemosiderosis Among Infants - Cleveland, January 1993 -

November 1994. Cause undetermined.

1995 Leverence v. PFS Corp., 532 N.W.2d 735 (Wis. 1995) -

considering a property damages and personal injury case brought by

802 occupants of homes allegedly subject to mold caused by excessive

moisture.

1995 American Industrial Hygiene Association -

Guidelines and Specifications for Remediation.

1995 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome.

Dr. Dearborn of Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital publishes

findings to show link between stachybotrys and death of infants

exposed to stachybotrys.

01-00-95 IICRC Water Damage Standard S500-94 is published.

03-10-95 H. Cross & Assoc. - Lawsuit filed in

Alameda, Condo complex in Fremont, water pipe breaks, leaks,

drainage problems, mold, failure to remediate. Settled for $545,000

in 1998 before trial.

06-00-95 Health Canada, Environmental Health Directorate,

Federal-Provincial Committee on Environmental and Occupational

Health - Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings: A Guide to

Recognition and Management. Guideline for assessment and control of

Stachybotrys which requires that any potential exposure be

identified and removed. (Full report is 88 pages)

http://www.hc-sc.bc.ca/ehp/catalogue/bch_pubs/fungal.pdf

1995 Canada - Federal-Provincial Committee on

Occupational Safety & Health - separate report on fungus

1995 American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal -

Bioaerosol Concentrations in Noncompliant, Compliant and

Intervention Homes in the Midwest, by J. DeKoster.

01-00-95 Invironment - Microbial Issues Under Consideration

for the Revision of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989.

04-00-95 EPA, IAQ-0009 -(EPA 402-K-93-007) - The Inside

Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality. Sources of pollution in home

and measures to reduce it. Reducing exposure to biological

contaminants. Clean and dry water damaged materials within 24 hours

or consider removal and

replacement.

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/insidest.html

04-25-95 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Lawsuit filed. Polk County Florida courthouse, 1992, construction

defects, mold - [Jury recently awarded $40 million against Reliant

Ins. Co.]

Fall 1995 North Carolina adopts IICRC publication S500-94 as

the recommended protocol to mitigate flood damaged buildings.

http://www.buildinggreen.com/elists/flood.html

10-00-95 International Archives of Occupational and

Environmental Health - Prolonged and intense exposure to toxigenic

stachybotrys chartarum and other atypical fungi associated with

reported disorders of respiratory and central nervous system, immune

system, etc.

10-00-95 Environmental Health - Long Term Monitoring of Mold

Contamination in Flooded Homes by M. Pearce.

11-00-95 H. Cross & Associates - Filed lawsuit in San

Bernardino, home, sewage backup, negligent cleanup, failure to warn,

toxic mold contamination. Settled for $600,818 in Oct 1997 just 10

days before trial.

11-05-95 Sacramento Bee -Firm Sued Over Home, Damp House

Prompts Action - mold/illness/lawsuit

1996 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) -

Field Guide for the Determination for Biological Contaminants in

Environmental Samples. Sampling is important because half of

microbial problems are not visible. Growth of mold in buildings is

no longer just a cosmetic problem but is a potential threat to human

health.

1996 Indoor Air Solutions, Inc. - Stachybotrys Chartarum

(atra): A New Emerging Fungal Threat and Methods of Dealing with

Contamination. Stachybotrys found on wet materials with cellulose

content, look for visible fungus growth. Most experts agree, if over

one square foot, it is a medium and large scale growth that needs to

be remediated by professionals.

1996 Facilities Net - Indoor Microbial Garden. Mold can

grow on any carbon source when sufficient moisture is present.

Stachybotrys can be found following water

damage.

http://www.facilitiesnet.com/NS/NS3b86h.html

1996 J Air Waste Mngmt Assn - Review of Quantitative

Standards and Guidelines for Fungi in Indoor Air, by C.Y. Rao.

1996 International Archives of Occupational and

Environmental Health - E. Johanning - Health and Immunological Study

Following Exposure to Toxigenic Fungi (Stachybotrys chartarum) in a

Water-Damaged Office Environment. Growing concern of adverse health

effects of fungal bio-aerosols. Water damage, found stachybotrys,

adverse health effects.

01-18-96 Sacramento Bee - Mildew Dampens Spirits at Area

School. School, mold, problems.

02-00-96 Enviros - Learning to Deal With Microbial

Contamination in Buildings. A number of training courses, workshops,

symposia, etc focused on microbial contamination have been offered

within last 3 years. Specialized training should be developed for

many, including insurance adjusters. Certain visual signs of microbe

contamination should automatically trigger a decision for a clean

up.

http://www.envirovillage.com/Newsletters/Enviros/T06_02.htm

02-00-96 Invironment - Microbial Issues. Article on

revisions of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Ventilation for Acceptable

Indoor Air Quality. Association between moisture, fungi and building

related illness has been demonstrated repeatedly. One side of a

gypsum wall board covered with fungi requires hazardous waste

containment procedures.

03-00-96 American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal -

Exposure to Airborne Microbes During the Repair of Moldy Buildings.

Concentrations of airborne fungi increased during repair work.

Construction workers are exposed to high concentrations of microbes,

possibly causing health problems.

04-00-96 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Indian River, Florida. Jury award to County for $11.5 million

(property damage, not including injury) against construction manager

and 3 surety companies for two buildings evacuated in 1992 because

of water leaks and mold.

04-04-96 NY Times - " Biblical Plagues: A Novel Theory. "

04-20-96 Chicago Tribune - " Can Your House Make You Sick? " -

mold, fungus, illness

05-00-96 Water Loss Institute's (WLI) First Conference and

Exhibition. Per Ron Reese, past president of Water Loss Institute.

WLI held it's first Conference in Oakland CA in May 1996. Have

constantly offered to include the insurance industry in the

discussions

05/06-96 CA-DoH - " Fungi & Indoor Air Quality, " by V.

McNeel, DVM. This report specifically focuses on fungal

contamination in office and home environments.

http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/deodc/ehib/EHIB2/topics/fungi_indoor.html

05-05-96 NY Times - " Fungus in `Sick' Building " - Toxic

fungus found in headquarters of Transportation Department in

Washington, DC.

07-00-96 Medical Laboratory Observer - Sick Building

Syndrome and Building-Related Illness. Look for signs of water

damage and fungal growth. Stachybotrys grows on water damaged

materials containing cellulose.

07-28-96 NY Times - " Moldy Walls Put Tenants on Edge. "

Dozens of tenants complain of an epidemic of poisonous mold.

08-01-96 Letter - Brown Consolidated/Plumbing System

Investigations to Allstate Insurance. Details Allstate procedure re

plumbing/water leak investigations and his disagreement with

Allstate procedures.

08-05-96 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)

Conference -

Paper 253 - Toxins Produced by Fungi in Water-Damaged Buildings.

Water damaged buildings can harbor toxigenic fungi which threaten

health of occupants.

10-00-96 Association News Network (web sites and

publications for claims organizations in Northern CA) - Fungi and

Sewage Contamination in Water Losses, by R. Bierman. Mold

contamination can cause health effects, million dollar settlements

from failure to address sewage and fungi

contamination.

http://www.harrisonpromo.com/articles/fungi.html

01-00-96 Best's Review - Property-Casualty Insurance

Edition - Indoor air pollution --Economic aspects; Workers'

compensation--Management; Employer liability--Insurance

http://library.northernlight.com/YY19970425030199194.html?

cb=0 & sc=0#doc

10-00-96 CDC/NIOSH - " Causes and Symptoms of Mold and Dust

Induced Respiratory Illness " Authors: Glen H. Hetzel and J. ,

Agricultural Engineering Department, Virginia Tech.. Discussion of

Farmer's Lung disease.

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nasd/docs4/va98022.html

10-01-96 Claims People magazine - Sick Building Syndrome

(SBS). By Beall, CIH, CSP. Bioaerosols - fungal spores from

water intrusion cause problems.

http://www.claimspeople.com/html/master_1oct96.html

10-13-96 Sacramento Bee - From Living Room to Courtrooms,

Frustrated Owners Increasingly Seek Legal Redress for Problems.

Mold/litigation. Frustrated owners, construction defects, mold,

water intrusion. Cites more than a dozen cases in Sacramento and

Placer counties.

11-08-96 Peach v. town Properties, No. CV93 0130286 S,

1996 Conn. Super. LEXIS 3028 (Nov. 18, 1996) - alleging that a crack

in a pool water supply pipe caused flooding in the crawl space below

the plaintiff's unit.

11-29-96 Chicago Tribune - " Boy is Seemingly Allergic to

School " - mold

12-00-96 Invironment - Assessing and Sampling Fungal

Contaminants in the Indoor Environment. Many fungal growths are not

detected because they are in wall cavities. Water is single most

important factor in fungal growth. Superficial removal may only

temporarily reduce fungi because they have a root-like structure

(mycelium) that penetrates deep into the substrate of contaminated

materials. Consensus of many experts is that people should not be

allowed to work or live in an environment contaminated by fungi.

12-28-96 County Courthouse in Stuart, Florida flooded

by pipe break. Water in hard to reach areas, mold developed,

extensive remediation and lawsuits.

1997 Journal of American Medical Association - Floods

Carry Potential For Toxic Mold Disease, by C. Marwick.

1997 DriEaz Products, Inc. - Factors That Contribute to

Mold Growth Indoors After Water Damage. Mold grows on water damaged

material.

http://www.dri-

eaz.com/articles5.html

1997 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome.

A Beverly Hills doctor and his wife reportedly recovered over $9

million for water intrusion and fungal contamination of their custom

luxury home and art collection.

Jan 1997 Facility Management Journal (Puritan Flood

Restoration) - New Technologies For Flood Abatement Can Save Money.

Usually only 10 to 15 percent of water damage can be seen, the other

85 to 90 percent is hidden within walls and ceilings. Mold will grow

in wall cavities left wet. 70 percent of all insurance claims are

water related. Water damage must be cleaned and dried

quickly.

http://www.puritancompanies.com/flood/technologies.html

01-00-97 Invironment - Stachybotrys chartarum. Thrives on

water damaged cellulosic materials. Concerns in the 1980's because

of documented cases of stachybotrys contamination and illnesses.

01-00-97 Invironment - Fungi and Indoor Air Quality. All

fungal spores contain allergens of varying potency. Some are toxic.

Since 1982, approximately 20 studies have been conducted on the

association of dampness, mold and respiratory health in Europe and

North America. Reported mold, water damage and moldy odors are

associated with elevated levels of indoor fungi. Concern about

stachybotrys atra in indoor environments surfaced in the mid-1980's.

National Academy of Sciences reports in 1993 that all species of

mold are allergenic.

01-08-97 Environmental Building News - " The Dangers of

Secondary Mold Growth Caused by Improper Remediation of Flooded

Buildings " - by Bierman. Molds and other microbes start

growing on water damaged materials within 48 hours. Can be in wall

cavities, hidden from view, where moisture remains. Water damaged

drywall needs to be removed. Interior wall cavities need to be dried

and disinfected.

http://www.buildinggreen.com/elists/flood.html

01-17-97 MMWR - Update: Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Hemosiderosis

Among Infants - Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. Follow-up investigation

documents association between illness in the cluster of cases and

mold in the water damaged homes.

01-24-97 NY Times - " Infants' Lung Bleeding Traced to Toxic

Mold " - Dr. Dearborn and the 1993-94 infant deaths and problems in

Cleveland.

02-00-97 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Malibu home recently purchased, mycotoxins from Stachybotrys, repair

costs of $662,000, recovery of $2.5 million.

02-01-97 water loss with mold contamination.

( v. Allstate)

02-24-97 Doe Homeowners v. Roe Seller, Confidential Report

for Attorneys (settlement Feb. 24, 1997) - alleging water intrusion

into plaintiff's home from leaking exterior balconies, the roof and

windows.

03-01-97 Claims People magazine - Indoor Air Quality. By

Alan C. Buck, Ph.D. A home, after a fire or flood, may harbor

fungus, etc., which prompts illness or asthma.

http://www.claimspeople.com/html/master_1mar97.html

03-31-97 EPA - Biological Pollutants in Your Home - includes

mold from water

damage

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/bio_1.html

04-00-97 CA Dept of Health Services - Stachybotrys chartarum

(atra): A Mold That May Be Found in Water-damaged Homes. Study in

Southern California found stachybotrys in 2.9% of 68 homes. Level

III: If the area of mold is more than 30 square feet - trained

personnel necessary, follow NY Dept of Health

guidelines.

http://www.cal-

iaq.org/LAYMEM97.html

04-01-97 Claims People magazine - A Flood Adjuster's

Survival Guide. By Ulises Castellon, CPCU. Carry keyhole saw to

check walls, explain coverages, scope, etc., cut drywall at 4 foot

mark.

http://www.claimspeople.com/html/master_1apr97.html

04-03-97 CDC - Molds in the Environment. Concise information

on molds in the environment: mold types, their possible human health

effects, where molds are found and recommendations for decreasing

indoor mold exposure.

http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/asthma/factsheets/molds/molds.htm

04-09-97 ABC Prime Time Live - Air of Mystery - Poisonous

Mold Links Illness and Death of Infants. Mold infestation, water

damage, infant deaths. Also Stachybotrys found in courthouse in

Florida and in EPA headquarters in Washington, DC.

04-15-97 Utah, Department of Health - Fact Sheet:

Stachybotrys. Grows on wet cellulose material, produces mycotoxins.

All moldy material should be removed. Some molds can be killed by

cleaning with chlorine but Stachybotrys often has a germ mycelium

buried deep inside the water damaged surface that may be

inaccessible to chlorine. Best to remove all water damaged

materials.

http://hlunix.hl.state.ut.us/els/epidemiology/envepi/eep_stac.html

04-16-97 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Indoor Air

Quality, An Introduction for HVAC Contractors " - Water can support

growth of bacteria and fungus. Porous materials hold water. Often

necessary to remove wet materials to prevent microbial

growth.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_041697.asp

04-22-97 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Indoor

Environment `97 " - Growth in microbial litigation. Only about 2

suits reported 5 years ago, there were hundreds in

1996.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_042297.asp

05-00-97 Journal of American Medical Association - Marwick -

Floods Carry Potential For Toxic Mold Fungus.

05-13-97 Enquirer.com - Local Officials, N.D. Alerted to

Deadly Disease Linked to Floods. Health officials put Ohio and ND on

notice of flood/mold dangers.

06-30-97 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

and CDC, NIEHS PR # 12-97 - Stachybotrys linked to Cleveland infant

deaths, found in homes with water damage.

07-00-97 Heating/Piping/AirConditioning (HPAC) - The Fungi:

How They Grow and Their Effects on Human Health, by Harriet A.

Burge, PhD. Many fungi produce toxic compounds that affect human

health. Because of the potential severity of resulting diseases, a

conservative approach to the control of toxigenic fungi is

essential.

http://www.hpac.com/member/basics/iaq/9707burge.html

07-29-97 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " The Future of

IAQ " - More conferences and research being done on

IAQ.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_072997.asp

07-30-97 NIEHS & CDC - NIEHS, CDC Fund Study of Fungus Fatal

to Cleveland Infants. Stachybotrys found on water soaked cellulose

building materials.

http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/faq/fungus.htm

08-01-97 NY Times - " Ancient Scroll s Clue to Deadly

Mold. " On the need to destroy a house if mildew appeared.

08-04-97 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA)

Conference -

Paper 47 - Complete with Significant Water Infiltration. Positive

correlation for presence of water damage and amount of visible

growth and airborne concentrations of Stachybotrys chartarum.

http://www.aiha.org/abs97/7bioaer.html

Paper 110 - Prevalence of Aspergillus Versicolor in Residential and

Commercial Buildings with History of Water Intrusion. Study of 9

buildings, Aspergillus dominant inside

walls.

http://www.aiha.org/abs97/7ieq1.html

08-27-97 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " The Future of

IAQ (Part 2) " -Microbial growth in ventilation

systems.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_082797.asp

09-26-97 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Air Quality and

Infection Rate " - More infections, studies and precautions needed.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_092697.asp

10-00-97 H. Cross & Associates - Filed lawsuit in Nov

1995 in San Bernardino, home, sewage backup, negligent cleanup,

failure to warn, toxic mold contamination. Settled for $600,818 in

Oct 1997 just 10 days before trial.

10-00-97 Invironment - Is It Time for an Objective Look at

Stachybotrys? Ten years ago focus was on allergenic reactions, not

toxic effects. Today concern is on toxic effects. While not

scientifically certain of stachybotrys causing problems attributed

to it, any mold growth in buildings should be eliminated.

10-01-97 Claims People magazine - The Frightening Truth of

Improperly Restored Water Losses. By Jim Holland, Restoration

Consultants. Water damage, time of essence, 48 hours and fungus

begins to grow within wall cavities, well documented that mold can

cause health problems, remediation technology relatively

new.

http://www.claimspeople.com/html/master_1oct97.html

10-04-97 NY Times - " Poisonous Mold Shuts a Renovated

Library on Staten Island. "

10-23-97 NY Times - " The Mold Scare: Overblown or not? "

10-25-97 Water Loss Institute 1997 Conference & Exposition.

Included insurance professionals. Discussed: (1) Antimicrobials,

Disinfectants and Biocides, (2) Legal & Insurance Issues, (3) How to

Assure a " Restored " Water Damaged Building is Safe for Occupancy and

(4) A Practical Approach to Safe Restoration of Water Damaged

Buildings. Microbes will double every 30-60 minutes. Remediation

similar to asbestos. Insurance adjusters focus on total charge, need

educating. Remediation should begin in 24-48 hours.

10-26-97 NY Times - " Mold Forces 2 More Branches Of the

Public Library to Close. " Toxic mold found in two more libraries.

10-31-97 NY Times - " Day-Care Center on S.I. Is Closed

After a Potentially Harmful Mold Is Found. "

10-31-97 Detroit News - Deadly Mold is Found in Cellars of 2

Homes. Stachybotrys found in basements.

11-00-97 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Rialto, CA family vs City of Rialto, sewage backup, neurotoxins,

settlement of $600,818.

11-01-97 Chicago Tribune - " Mold Scare " - stachybotrys,

toxic mold

11-03-97 Detroit News - Troy Company Finds Deadly Mold in

Area. Sanit-Air of Troy finds deadly mold in homes, like kind that

killed infants in Cleveland.

11-05-97 CNN - Beware the Mold Stachybotrys. Rain, basement

flooding, mold and illness. Average person trying to clean it up

will spread the mold. Need professionals, could cost

$10,000.

http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9711/05/deadly.mold/

11-09-97 NY Times - " Families Plagued by a Home-Wrecking

Mold " Family left confined to bed for days on end after exposure to

mold.

12-03-97 Detroit News - Troy Home Repair Company Expands

Services. Company does mold remediation.

1998 American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal -

Control of Exposure to Airborne Viable Microorganisms During

Remediation of Moldy Buildings, by R. Dales.

1998 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome. Los

Angeles woman sued her homeowners association for failure to repair

repeated water intrusion into common walls, trial, verdict of

$497,000 plus repairs.

1998 Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology -

Stachybotrys, a Mycotoxin-Producing Fungus of Increasing Toxicologic

Importance. Mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys is capable of

producing immunosuppression and inflammatory results to

gastrointestinal and pulmonary systems.

1998 Palmer v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 969 S.W.2d 582 (Tex.

App. 1998) - alleging that defendant's repairs to plaintiff's air

conditioner caused a leak in the unit where the repairs had been

made.

01-05-98 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Is Mold a

Winter Problem? " - Can be problem year round - just need moisture

and right conditions.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_010598.asp

01-29-98 Copsey v. American Air Co., No. 396615 (verdict

January 29, 1998) - alleging that plaintiff was exposed to mold and

dust that was present in the ducts of defendant's HVAC system.

02-00-98 Berry v. Mission Terrace Homeowners Association,

Nos. H-182260-5, H-193421-8 (Alameda County Superior Ct.) Three

condo owners in Alameda County vs homeowners association, mold in

crawlspaces, $545,000 settlement. The families claimed that their

psychiatric and numerous physical illnesses were caused by mold

growth that developed from leaky pipes in their condominiums.

02-00-98 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome.

Homeowner settled claim against builder of beachfront custom home in

Ventura arising from chronic water intrusion and fungal

contamination for $559,000.

02-11-98 Today's Homeowner - Truth Told on Toxic Mold, by

D. Wagner. Unfortunately, it's impossible for homeowners to

distinguish between toxic and the benign molds - they all look like

black or gray sooty patches.

http://www.todayshomeowner.com/repair/19980211.digest1.html

03-00-98 CA Dept of Health Services - Indoor Air Quality

Info Sheet. Mold in My Home: What Do I Do? Materials permeated with

mold need to be removed, even after they are disinfected with

cleaning solutions. Allergic and toxic effects can remain in deadly

spores. http://www.cal-iaq.org/mold9803.htm

http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/deodc/ehib/EHIB2/topics/Moldhome%20Eng.html

03-00-98 American College of Occupational and Environmental

Medicine, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine -

Building-Associated Pulmonary Disease From Exposure to Stachybotrys

Chartarum and Aspergillus Versicolor. Study of individuals exposed

to fungi and illnesses reported. Moisture indoors represents a

public health issue currently inadequately addressed by building,

health or housing codes.

http://www.acoem.org/pubs/joem/0398abs.htm#Building

03-00-98 Building Environment Report - Views of four top

indoor environmental litigation experts on how to handle building

air quality cases.

03-01-98 BBJ Environmental - Facts About Mold and Fungi.

Mold grows on wet cellulose products. Mold is a health

risk.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_indoor_air_030198.asp

03-03-98 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Testing:

Testing " - If mold is visible, it should be

removed.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_030398.asp

03-06-98 Sacramento Bee - Mold Causing Illness? Health

officials give phone # for mold problems.

03-13-98 ton Post & Courier - Mold, Mildew Fill Air

in Schools. Molds can cause illness and allergy.

03-18-98 FEMA - Preventing Damage From Mold: Tips For

Homeowners. Mold can be dangerous to humans, it can spread fast,

isolate and dispose of moldy

items.

http://www.fema.gov/DIZAS/mold.htm

03-25-98 CA Dept of Health - State Health Department Issues

Warning on Indoor Molds. Large areas of mold, contact a

professional, special training

http://www.dhs.cahwnet.gov/opa/prssrels/1998/13-98.htm

04-00-98 American Academy of Pediatrics - " Toxic Effects of

Indoor Molds " - 101 Pediatrics 712 (1998).. Cites Cleveland infant

deaths reports in 1994. Stachybotrys found in 2-3% of homes in North

American studies.

http://www.aap.org/policy/re9736.html

04-00-98 CA Dept of Health - " Health Effects of Toxin-

Producing Indoor Molds in California, " by McNeel, etc.

Several fungal species capable of producing toxic substances have

been found in water-damaged California homes and offices. This

article provides information about potential health effects from

exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum (a.k.a. S. atra), a toxigenic

mold that has received increasing attention recently among indoor

air reseachers and the public. Within the last 12-18 months several

scientific reports (and media attention) have focused on

Stachybotrys, a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus that grows on nitrogen-

poor, cellulose rich materials such as hay, straw and building

materials (ceiling tiles, wall paper, paper covering on gypsum

wallboard). The statewide prevalence of this fungus in homes or work

places is unknown, although one report found Stachybotrys in 2-3% of

a small survey of southern California homes (Kozak, 1979).

http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/deodc/ehib/EHIB2/topics/toxin_producing.html

04-01-98 BBJ Environmental - Toxic Effects of Indoor Molds.

Stachybotrys found in 2 to 3 percent of home environments sampled.

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_indoor_air_040198.asp

04-07-98 Sacramento Bee - Indoor Molds Warning. Health

department issues warning on mold.

04-07-98 Chicago Tribune - " Mold May Be Cause of Bleeding

Lungs, Pediatricians Told " - water damage in homes, stachybotrys,

bleeding lungs in infants.

04-10-98 Gorden v. Preece, No. SC 038 088, Tri-Service

Reference No. 98-34-08 (verdict April 10, 1998) - alleging damages

from extensive leaks and flooding in plaintiff's home.

04-26-98 Sacramento Bee - Musty Courthouse Drives Few

Workers Away. Placer County Courthouse - mold problems

05-00-98 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Playa Del Rey, CA, custom home roof leaks, ceiling collapse,

stachybotrys, $900,000 against builder.

05-01-98 Doe Homeowners v. Roe Builder, Confidential Report

for Attorneys No. 10272 (settlement May 1, 1998) - claiming damages

for water leaks in doors and windows

05-12-98 Sacramento Bee - Hot Air Theories about Bad Air

in " Sick Buildings " . Mold in `sick buildings'

06-14-98 Sacramento Bee - Two Schools Plagued With Health

Hazards, Rare Mold at McGee Linked to Infant Deaths in Ohio.

Schools, mold

06-17-98 Sacramento Bee - Danger of Molds is Focus of Forum

Discussion Planned at Roseville School. Forum on dangers of mold

06-19-98 Duggan-Steinberg v. Blue Lagoon Community Ass'n,

No. 77 53 18 (verdict June19, 1998) - claiming that defendants were

negligent in permitting plaintiff's neighbor to construct a berm and

sidewalk causing drainage into plaintiff's condominium.

06-21-98 Sacramento Bee - Homeowners Fear Household Mold

Making Them Sick. Water damage and mold in home.

07-00-98 American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal -

Control of Exposure to Airborne Viable Microorganisms During

Remediation of Moldy Buildings; Report of Three Case Studies. Most

effective control method was local exhaust method used for asbestos

dismantling.

07-01-98 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " IAQ, lawsuits,

and you " - Microbial growth from chronic water intrusion, may result

in litigation. http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_indoor_air_070198.asp

07-10-98 FEMA - Assess Damage and Hazards - flood/water

damage, likely to have mold. http://www.fema.gov/diz01/d1367n14.htm

http://www.fema.gov/diz98/d1230n08.htm

08-08-98 Cleveland Plain Dealer - Quote from Dan Zielinski,

American Insurance Association - " ...insurance companies will not

take note of [stachybotrys atra] until they are faced with numerous

losses because of it. " Apartment, mold, death of 8 month old girl

died in Dec 1994. Settled for $175,000. Dr. Dearborn suspects fungus

related to 122 unexplained infant deaths from pulmonary

hemosiderosis nationwide.

Fall 1998 " Pathfinder: Representing the Sick Building

Syndrome Plaintiff " by Elbert of Western State Univ. College

of Law. List of references, resources,

etc.

http://www.fiscorp.net/iaq/iaqapps5.html

09-00-98 Munoz v. Henry Phipps Plaza South No. 109895/99

(N.Y. County Supr. Ct. filed Sept. 1998) - seeking, in conjunction

with over 140 families, a total of $8 billion in personal injury and

property damages related to mold contamination.

09-06-98 Seattle Times - Condo Owners' Deluge of Woe.

Building leaks, mold. Many condo and building projects faced with

millions of dollars in lawsuits.

09-13-98 NY Times - " Your Home: Flood, Mold and Mildew

Damage " - mold damage following pipe break while owners away.

09-19-98 Detroit News - Learn About Home's Dangerous Fungi

and You'll Breathe a Lot Easier. Water damage, mold, professionals,

clean and remediate.

09-29-98 Property and Casualty.com - Receding Flood Waters

Still Hold Danger. FEMA warnings - Mold left behind by flood waters.

10-07-98 Biloxi Sun Herald - Rains Could Produce Mold. Water

intrusion could yield stachybotrys. The only way to ensure mold will

not grow inside walls is to remove the drywall and replace the

insulation.

10-10-98 Water Loss Institute 1998 Conference and

Exposition - Included insurance industry people. Discussions on (1)

Understanding the Dynamics of Moisture and the Building Envelope, (2)

The Remediator's Role: Assessing and Defining the Risk, (3) The

Remediator's Role: Establishing and Agreeing on a Scope of Work and

(4) Practicing a Reasonable Standard of Care. From an adjuster's

perspective, the scope is one of the most important parts of

handling a claim, agree on the scope, the price takes care of itself.

10-28-98 Sacramento Bee - Toxic Mold Forces Family to Vacate

Without Possessions. Mold and fungi, water intrusion, all personal

property contaminated.

11-07-98 Sacramento Bee - Intrusive Mold Problem Subject of

Future Forum. Human Rights/Fair Housing to hold mold forum

11-11-98 Building Web - Recurring Mold Problems in Houses.

Study of flooded homes in 1997 in one area, 114 flood damaged, at

least 34 had stachybotrys, at least 53 others had various mold.

11-12-98 Orange County Bar Association, Eighth Annual

Construction Law Symposium. Toxic Mold Litigation: Science,

Causation and Proof, by H. Cross. Lists two cases to verdict

and three settlements, noting that some are six and seven figure

settlements.

11-21-98 Sacramento Bee - Black Mold: Not a Science Fiction

Story. Stachybotrys chartarum in water damaged buildings can cause

serious health problems.

12-14-98 Sacramento Human Rights/Fair Housing Commission -

" Mold in Our Environment " - Panel & Workshop. (See videotape).

12-21-98 Time magazine - This Place Makes Me Sick. Mold

causing `sick building', Southwest Airlines building in San

with mold problems dating back to 1980's.

1999 Kolnick v. Fountainview Ass'n,737 So.2d 1192

(Fla. Ct. App. 1999) - alleging that association's failure to

maintain the roof of the building resulted in water intrusion in

plaintiff's apartment causing mold and mildew growth.

1999 Centex-Rooney Constr. Co. v. County,

Florida, 725 So.2d 1255 (Fla. Ct. App. 1999) - alleging damages for

the defective and improper construction of the County

courthouse.

1999 Clean Care - Seminars - Agents & Adjusters - Water

Damage Restoration - Seminars have been offered for many years,

approved in more than 25 states for Continuing Education Credits.

1999 on, Vick & Capella - Microbiological

Contamination Litigation a.k.a. " The Mold Monster " by

on. Litigation concerning mold contamination is growing, both

in CA and nationwide. In landlord/tenant cases, landlord may be

exposed to punitive damages if knew and failed to remediate mold.

Many recent mold verdicts, $350,000 to $48 million.

1999 on, Vick & Capella - Sick Building Syndrome

in the Construction Defect Case by on. Cites

earliest report of fungal illness in Leviticus, notes numerous cases

since 1989.

01-15-99 Ed Ajlouny - water

damage/mold/Allstate/lawsuit/injuries. See Detroit News 3-30-00

01-29-99 Merced Sun-Star - Moldbusters Warn That It's Easy

to Cultivate Mold in Typical Homes. Wet building materials provide

good place for molds to grow.

02-03-99 American Phytopathological Society (APS) News

Release - Household Fungus Contributes to " Sick Building Syndrome " .

Over the past 20 years in North America evidence has accumulated

implicating stachybotrys as a serious problem in water damaged homes

and buildings. Commonly found following water damage.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/02/990208071455.htm

03-01-99 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Whose Fault is

it Anyway? " - Water intrusion may result in fungal growth and

problems. http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_indoor_air_030199.asp

Spring 1999 The Federation of Insurance and Corporate Counsel -

" Sick Building Syndrome: Airing Insurance Coverage Issues Arising

From This New Wave of Toxic Tort Litigation " , by T. Lucey.

SBS and associated claims will proliferate in coming years. Two main

causes of SBS: (1) microbial contamination and (2) volatile organic

compounds (VOC). Example of microbial contamination, is water

intrusion into home and mold forming in walls

http://www.thefederation.org/public/quarterly/Spring99/lucey.htm

Spring 1999 The Federation of Insurance and Corporate Counsel - Sick

Building Syndrome: a Potpourri Analysis, by A. Wood

http://www.thefederation.org/public/Quarterly/Spring99/wood.htm

04-00-99 Invironment - Flood Restoration. Rapid response to

water damage is critical. Microbiologically damaged structure is not

a safe environment. If significant mold growth occurs, occupants

should be evacuated. Remove and discard water damaged drywall. Non-

viable fungi remain allergenic and toxigenic.

04-01-99 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " My Building

Stinks! " - " Odor " in building may make you sick.. Look for cause -

microbial, etc. http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_indoor_air_040199.asp

04-20-99 Insurance Information Network of California (IINC)

& Western Insurance Information Service (WIIS)- " Winter Rains Can

Cause Dangerous Mold. " Untreated water damage can cause mold and

fungi, lurking behind walls.

http://www.iinc.org/news/home/winter.html

http://www.wiis.org/newarticles/mold990420.htm

04-21-99 Property and Casualty.com - A Fungus Among Us?

Rains, water intrusions, fungus lurking in damp spaces behind walls.

05-00-99 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Simi Valley, CA, homeowner association failed to repair water

damage, mold, condo, condo owner recovered $350,000.

05-00-99 The Underwriters' Wire - " Texan Files Criminal

Complaint Against Farmers Employees " - Ballard files criminal

complaint for mold injuries.

http://www.uwreport.com/wire/news0599/0528far.htm

05-03-99 Engineering News Report - Containing Noxious Mold.

Cost of abating mold can be astronomical. Mold investigations can

range from $3,500 to more than $1 million. Remediation, full scale

asbestos type, can be $150 per square foot. Containment costs 10

times as much as ripping something out or ordinary cleaning. The

500,000 sq ft Polk County building cost $27 million to build in the

late 1980s and about $37 million to remediate.

http://www.enr.com/new/C0503.asp

05-17-99 Hickenbottom v. Racquet Club Villa Homeowners

Ass'n, No. SC 020 526 (settlement, May 17, 1999) - alleging water

intrusion into the crawl space beneath plaintiff's townhouse unit.

05-18-99 NY Times - " Tenants Sue Landlord, Alleging Toxic

Mold " - 300 tenants in two buildings sue alleging toxic mold.

05-19-99 IERB - Indoor Environmental Remediation Board.

Mission is to develop and promulgate best practices in building

remediation. ( Holland is a board member.)

05-28-99 Electric Library - Melinda Ballard has filed

criminal complaint against two FIG employees, negligence in settling

claim. Stachybotrys, delays, not informed, illness.

06-00-99 Environmental Health Perspectives - Danish study,

23 mold infected buildings - Stachybotrys encountered =19%

06-00-99 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

New York, apartment owners sue with 125 lawsuits totaling $8 billion

for injuries due to mold exposure.

06-17-99 CDC - Report of the CDC internal working groups

that reanalyzed the investigation of 1993-1996 Cleveland infant lung

bleeding cases. http://www.cdc.gov/od/ads/ref29.pdf

07-20-99 PRNewswire - Farmers sued for $100 million over

mold in Texas home. Farmers did not act immediately as recommended

by scientific experts.

08-17-99 Stroot v. New Haverford Partnership- No. 95C-05-074-

HLA, 1999 WL 753916 (Del. Super. Ct. Aug. 17, 1999). After finding a

Delaware apartment building owner and property management company

negligent (re mold), a jury awarded former residents over $1 million

in personal injury damages for alleged aggravation of pre-existing

asthma, cognitive deficits, bronchitis, and immune

system " abnormalities " due to an alleged failure by the property

owner and management company to remediate water problems and fungal

contamination.

08-30-99 ABC - Science - " Fungi and Mould " Broadcast Monday

30 August 1999, with Rae Fry. Report on a big study just done in

Finland about fungi and mould in indoor air.

http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/8.30/helthrpt/stories/s48140.htm

09-00-99 Best's Review - " Mold: A Growing Problem. "

Ballard - suit for $100 million. Utah Dept of Health recommends

removal of all water damaged material once mold is present., use

qualified technicians wearing protective clothing if mold is

present

http://bestreview.com/pc/1999-09/lossntbk.html

09-00-99 on, Vick & Capella - " The Mold Monster " -

Employees file suit against employer for $100 million for requiring

them to renovate asbestos, mold and lead paint without protective

equipment or warning.

09-09-99 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Radon and Mold "

09-21-99 Property and Casualty.com - Hidden Dangers Lurk in

Flood Cleanup. Receding flood waters leave damp areas where fungi

thrive.

10-00-99 Water Loss Institute 1999 Conference and

Exposition - Focused on: (1) The Mechanics of Moisture in the

Building, (2) Methods - Part One: Impacts of Moisture on Components

and Systems - Applications of Standards; (3) Part Two: Practical

Approaches to Mitigation, Remediation and Restoration of Components

Contents; and (4) Perspectives: A Forum Exploring Issues of the

Present and Future of Water Damage. For drywall, cut holes at bottom

of each stud cavity to drain water. Presence of concealed mold may

require removal of drywall.

10-21-99 Building Contamination Workshop, San Francisco.

Legalities of Microbial Contamination in Buildings, by H.

Cross. Currently represents over 200 victims of building

contamination.

10-26-99 Ideal Restorative Drying, Inc. - Seminar on Water

Loss and Damage Restoration for a Healthy Indoor Environment. Open

to insurance companies and adjusters. Held in City, CA.

10-11-99 FEMA - Floods Carry a Hazardous Potential for Toxic

Mold. Visible mold. Behind walls. Remove

sheetrock.

http://www.fema.gov/hu99/d1299n22.htm

11-00-99 NYC Dept of Health - Facts About Mold. It is more

important to get rid of it than to find out about

it.

Http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/ei/eimold.html

11-01-99 Canadian Insurance - " From Mold to Mildew. "

Hazardous mold in buildings represents growing problem. (See Health

Canada 00-00-95). US based Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and

Restoration Certification (IICRC) has just released the Second

Edition of their Standard S500, Standard and Reference Guide for

Professional Water Damage Restoration which focuses more on

potential harm from mold growth.

11-11-99 Insure.com - Water, Fire, Smoke or Mold Damage? By

O'Neil. You Need a Certified Restorer! Certified restorers

specialize in getting rid of mold, example of water damage when

owner away and resulting mold farm.

http://www.insure.com/home/certrestorer.html

11-27-99 D etroit News - Make Sure Water Leaks Don't Ruin

Your Home While You Vacation. Water damage can yield mold and

problems. One house, insurance company wanted only to wash and

paint, found stachybotrys. Water in walls must be drained and dried,

water soaked drywall should be removed.

11-29-99 BBJ Environmental Solutions, Inc - " Mold North vs.

South " - Discussion on conditions, climate, etc, for mold

growth. http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_articles_112999.asp

12-00-99 Claims magazine - Water Loss Institute, FEMA, etc -

water not addressed for more than 72 hours can cause mold, etc.

12-00-99 CDC - Report of Members of the CDC Expert Panel on

Acute Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Infants: A Synthesis. Panel concurred

on significant points regarding the quality of the scientific

evidence and the validity of the conclusions linking Stachybotrys to

acute infant pulmonary hemorrhage/ hemosiderosis (AIPH). Linkage not

warranted by the scientific evidence produced by the investigations,

Science was flawed. Protocols and procedures not standard,

conditions between illness and testing changed, no proof of actual

exposure of infant to fungi. However - most panelists believe

hypothesis had some plausibility and merited further investigation,

CDC should continue investigations, set standards and remain

involved.

http://www.cdc.gov/od/ads/ref30.pdf

12-01-99 NY OSHA - Comparison of Successful and Unsuccessful

Stachybotrys Chartarum Remediation Projects, by and

Chin Yang. Study on remediation projects. Fungal contamination is

serious. Use methods similar to asbestos abatement.

http://www.toxicmold.org/documents/0322.html

12-03-99 USA Weekend - The Mold In Your Home May Be Deadly.

Deadly mold in Texas home, leaks in 1998 and illness by March 1999.

$100 million lawsuit against Farmers.

12-03-99 BBJ Environmental - Mold: A Health Alert. A 1999

Mayo Clinic study pegged nearly all chronic sinus infections

afflicting 37 million Americans to molds. A 1994 Harvard University

School of Public Health study of 10,000 homes in US and Canada found

half had " conditions of water damage and mold associated with a 50

to 100 % increase in respiratory

symptoms. "

http://www.bbjenviro.com/news_indoor_air_120399.asp

12-20-99 Sacramento Bee - Slow School Repairs. Building

flooded by vandals, professional cleaners to prevent mold.

2000 Fickett v. Management Corp. No. SC 059598

(Los Angeles, Cal. County Super.Ct. filed 2000) - A California

apartment complex owner and its individual

employees were sued for negligently allowing mold to grow within the

units,

allegedly causing residents to suffer severe personal injury and

death. Residents are claiming medical, moving, investigation,

funeral and burial, and legal expenses.

00-00-00 WA, Dept of Health - " Is Indoor Mold Contamination

a Threat to Health? " by Harriet M. Ammann, PhD - Fungus ubiquitous.

Health effects: allergy, infection, irritation and toxic. Discusses

eact effect. History. Types of mold. Public health practice

indicates removal from exposure, clean up and remediation. Unwise to

wait for lab results. http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/oehas/mold.html

01-00-00 IE Connections - Jumping on the Remediation

Learning Curve, by Jim Holland. Need to learn about and use proper

techniques and personnel to avoid liability problems, etc.

http://www.ieconnections.com/archive/jan_00/1_2000feature.htm

01-01-00 IINC & WIIS - " Frozen, Broken Water Pipes Can Be

Home Owner Nightmare. " Frozen and broken water pipes rank No. 2 in

number of homes damaged and claim costs in US. Can cause mold.

Sometimes homes have to be gutted because of mold and mildew.

http://www.iinc.org/cons_issues/home/frozen.html

http://www.wiss.org/pipes.htm

02-01-00 R. Haney, " Toxic Mold - Toxic Enemy " -

Book describing mold, clean up costs, medical problems.

02-03-00 PRNewswire - Grand Jury issues report

on `Endangerment to a Child' charges against Farmers Insurance. Texas

02-07-00 60 Minutes: Sick Building Syndrome (CBS television)

02-16-00 Occupational & Environmental Medicine (OEM) Forum -

Stachybotrys a. prevalence in health care settings, by Eckardt

Johanning. Stachybotrys usually found with other molds, toxigenic.

May be little data re Stachybotrys actual effect, but cocktail

effect must be

considered.

http://mailman.mc.duke.edu/pipermail/occ-env-med-l/2000-

February/012331.html

02-20-00 Environmental News Network - " Household mold hide-

and-go-seek " Mold grows in damp places, causes medical problems.

http://www.enn.com/enn-news-archive/2000/02/02202000/mold_10099.asp

02-29-00 MedScape General Medicine - Stachybotrys chartarum:

Current Knowledge of Its Role in Disease. Health risks from exposure

are poorly defined but it is becoming clear that other potentially

toxigenic fungi are more common than previously

acknowledged.

http://www.calcs-plus.com/stachybotrys.htm

03-00-00 Krant v. County of Tulare, No. 00-1090367 (Tulare

County Superior Ct.). A California judge filed a personal injury

lawsuit against Tulare County for various physical ailments

including hair loss, dizziness, episodic vertigo, acute abdominal

pain, respiratory distress, tinitis, facial swelling, and severe

rashes, allegedly caused by exposure to microbiological

contamination within the courtroom where she presided. The suit

seeks unspecified compensatory and punitive damages, including

medical monitoring.

03-02-00 CBS News, 48 Hours - An Insidious Mold, A Dream House Loses

Charm, Can Cause Brain Damage? Report on the Ballards in Austin

Texas.

03-09-00 Center for Disease Control (CDC) - Bulletin -

" Questions and Answers on Stachybotrys chartarum and other molds. "

It is not necessary to determine what type of mold you have. All

molds should be treated the same. Problems - allergies, immune

suppression or underlying lung disease. If you have extensive mold,

contact a professional. Once mold starts to grow in insulation or

wallboard - remove it. Moldy items should be discarded. If find

mold, prudent practice is to remove it.

http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/asthma/factsheets/molds/default.htm

03-09-00 EPA, Indoor Environment Management Branch -

Children's Health Initiative: Toxic Mold. Stachybotrys has been

studied for the past 20 years. Remediation must be performed with

care. Since 1991, EPA has conducted research into conditions that

permit building material colonization by

fungi.

http://www.epa.gov/appcdwww/crb/iemb/child.htm

03-10-00 MMWR - Update: Pulmonary Hemorrhage/Hemosiderosis

Among Infants - Cleveland, Ohio, 1993-1996. A review by CDC and

outside experts identified shortcomings in the implementation and

reporting of original report. Conclusion is that a possible

association between acute infant pulmonary hemorrhage/ hemosiderosis

(AIPH) in infants and exposure to molds, specifically Stachybotrys

chartarum was not proven. Questioned sampling techniques,

shortcomings in the collection, analysis and reporting. Overall, the

reviewers concluded that on the basis of these limitations the

evidence from these studies was not of sufficient quality to support

an association between S. chartarum and

AIPH. "

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4909a3.htm

3-14/18-00 ASCR 2000 Convention & Exposition, Nashville, TN.

[see Ed Cross, The Mold Attorney (e-mail dated 5-10-00) - " A few

insurance VP's recently spoke in Nashville and said they are `very

concerned' about mold. " ]

03-15-00 OEM Forum - Stachybotrys revisited, by Eckardt

Johanning. Surprised at CDC report. Questions who they talked to. He

and colleagues not consulted. Questions reliance on sources that

have not researched fungi. Disappointed. Need open debate and

disclosure of CDC advisers. Referenced an insider report from Jim

White, a former Canadian Health Official who speculates on pressures

on CDC/government officials.

03-24-00 The Plain Dealer = Letter re: Committed to halting

bleeding-lung disease. Letter by Case Western Reserve University re

CDC report questioning linkage of mold to infant deaths in

Cleveland. Research ongoing, urges protect children from mold.

03-26-00 PLRB Claims Conference - Seminar - " There's a

Fungus Among Us! Microbial Contamination and other Issues Related to

Sick Building Syndrome " (National conference held annually for

adjusters, etc.)

03-30-00 Detroit News - Health Problems Linked to Mold. Ed

Ajlouny, house flooded in Jan 1999, medical problems, moved out,

mold problems. Allstate stalled and delayed. Lawsuit. Allstate

offered $34,229. Contractor building estimates of $200,000. Personal

property estimates of $147,000.

03-30-00 Detroit News - Neighbor Rues Foot-dragging. Mold in

home, problems, default on loan, govt. took over house and tested

and found stachybotrys.

Spring-2000 DRI - " Defense Perspectives on the Use of

Neuropsychological Experts in Toxic Tort Cases " By Ferro

http://www.milesstockbridge.com/articles/DefensePerspectives.htm

04-00-00 Invironment Newsletter -

Grand Jury Issues Report on Child Endangerment From Stachybotrys -

possible evidence that Farmers Insurance may have knowingly or

intentionally exposed 3 year old boy to Stachybotrys.

IAQ Goes Prime Time - An early March 2000 segment on CBS's 48 Hours

raised the ante on mold contamination, (1) focus on case in Texas

and (2) findings of Dr. Dearborn re Cleveland deaths in 1993-96 and

(3) studies by Dr. Johanning of over 600 patients exposed to toxic

mold. If you find black mold, call the health department.

04-00-00 RIMS - Rough Notes Magazine - Sick Building

Syndrome Should You Be Worried? - RIMS special panel to discuss this

lurking problem http://www.roughnotes.com/rnmag/april00/04p88.htm

04-00-00 Property Claims Forum, Sacramento. Mildew - mildew

develops following water damage.

04-00-00 NYC Dept of Health - Guidelines on Assessment and

Remediation of Fungi in Indoor Environments. A revision and update

of the 1993 Guidelines. Expands original guidelines to include ALL

fungi (mold.) Not possible to determine safe levels of exposure.

Need equipment to check behind walls, etc. Visible fungal

contamination should proceed without further evaluation. Porous

contaminated material such as wallboard should be removed and

discarded.

http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doh/html/epi/moldrpt1.html

04-05-00 CDC - Disease Information - Aspergillosis -

invasive pulmonary infection.

04-12-00 OEM Forum - Comments regarding the CDC/WMMR

Stachybotrys position/advisory, by Eckardt Johanning. Cautions

against underestimating allergenic and toxigenic fungal exposures.

Cites comments from European researcher/colleague - shocked by

ignorance shown by CDC, building related mycotoxin exposure is

great, studies in Finland.

05/06-00 American Indoor Air Quality Council newsletter -

" Assessment and Remediation Guidelines of Fungi in Indoor

Environments " - discussion of revised NYC guidelines on mold.

05-09-00 J. Elsberry of BBJ Environmental (e-mail) -

" According to the insurance industry, toxic mold from water damage

does not happen, they refuse to acknowledge it, as a matter of fact

they laughed out loud. "

05-09-00 Chin S. Yang, Ph.D., P & K Microbiology (e-mail) - " I

have seen too many cases that either insurance companies or their

adjusters reacted too slowly to water damage and mold problems. "

05-10-00 Ed Cross, " The Mold Attorney " (e-mail) - " Sadly,

most adjusters are not very well informed. In fact, rumor has it

that some of the very topic (sp) insurance executives believe mold

is not a problem. However, there are small pockets of adjusters here

and there who are attending conferences and starting to appreciate

the general issue. A few insurance VP's recently spoke in Nashville

and said they are `very concerned' about mold. "

05-16-00 Penn Air Group - " 2nd Annual sick Building Syndrome

Conference " , held in LA. Discussions on IAQ and microbial

contamination litigation.

05-17-00 River Valley Times - Former RM Residents Sue Local

Entities Over Mold Illness. Suit against Rancho Murieta Association,

Murieta Townhouse Inc, Operating Engineers, former homeowner and the

realtor. Improper water drainage, mold, illness.

05-22-00 Sid Lunday, Dri-Eaz Products, Inc (e-mail) - (re:

mold and the insurance industry) " My experience with adjusters is

the same. They tend to plead ignorance. "

05-22-00 L. King, Technical Advisor to the National

Institute of Disaster Restoration (e-mail) - On the origins of mold

remediation - " Problems associated with mildew were being discussed

in the 70's. Real public and industry awareness started with the

original Legionaire's Disease deaths in Philadelphia around 1985

(date?). It has been the subject of articles and seminars ever

since. "

[Note: July 1976 is the correct date]

05-23-00 e, The Puritan Companies, (e-mail) -

" ...questions about Insurance Adjusters and their awareness of mold

as being a significant problem. From my experience as a Restorative

Drying specialist, I have found they have very little knowledge of

mold and its health implications. ... Mold is an invisible enemy. By

not allowing proper drying the adjuster may think they are doing the

customer and the insurance company right. When in reality, they

could be doing a greater disservice with regards to health issues

and possible a legal issues. "

05-26-00 Indoor Air Quality Symposium with emphasis on

biological contamination, St. Louis, MO, sponsored by Steamatic

Environmental Services. Targeted for insurance adjusters, etc.

Accredited by various Dept of Insurance.

05-31-00 Jed M. Waldman, Ph.D., Chief, Indoor Air Quality,

CA Dept of Health Services (e-mail) (re: mold in homes, etc.) -

" ...the ACGIH. Their Bioaerosol Committee ... produced a series

of `guidelines,' starting in 1989. "

06-00-00 International Risk Management Institute - " There's

a Fungus Among Us, " by Jeff Slivka, ECS Underwriting, Inc. In the

1990s, microbiological contamination began its climb as one of the

biggest environmental problems facing building owners, contractors

and architects and

engineers.

http://www.irmi.com/expert/articles/slivka002.asp

06-00-00 Invironment newsletter - Aspergillosis - infection

affecting primarily the lungs. Fungus ball can grow in lungs.

06-00-00 Invironment newsletter - The Strange Case of

Stachybotrys, by Ed Light, CIH. In 1994 Stachybotrys became hot

topic. Mold should not be ignored, but mold growth should not be

treated as hazardous. Determine on case by case basis.

06-00-00 For the Defense (Defense Research Institute) -

" Sick Buildings: Is the Rising Tide About to Turn? " By

Sweeney and Sky Woodward

http://www.milesstockbridge.com/articles/.htm

06-05-00 Business Week - by Conlin, " Is Your Office

Killing You? Sick Buildings are Seething With Molds, Monoxide -and

Worse. " Business Week, at page 114.

07-00-00 Undated report, but subsequent to CDC report of 3-

10-00 - Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Hemosiderosis in Infants - by Dr.

Dorr G. Dearborn, etc, from Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital

and Case Western Reserve University. A response to the CDC report of

March 10, 2000 which questioned scientific proof linking

Stachybotrys to Cleveland infant deaths in 1993/94. Includes

Investigator Team's Response to MMWR Report. Says CDC misunderstood

the data, did not visit sites, ignored responses by original team,

and did not include any of original team in review.

07/08-00 American Indoor Air Quality Council, newsletter -

" Stachybotrys Settlement Reached " - Settlement of $978,000 in a

case in Arizona, reverse osmosis system leak and mold problems.

Attorney Ed Cross. Allstate Insurance Co., et al.

07/08-00 American Indoor Air Quality Council, newsletter -

" Water Damage Claims & Mold " by Everette Lee Herndon, Jr. - Water

damage must be cleaned and drying started promptly or mold may

result.

http://www.leeherndon.com/MoldIAQ.htm

07-09-00 Sacramento Bee - Mold to blame for work illness?

Laws, medical tests provide little help. Mold in the workplace.

07-11-00 Rocky Mountain News - Home, sick home. Indoor air

pollution includes molds like Stachybotrys.

07-13-00 E-mail from Cassani with Steamatic -

Farmer's Insurance may now be covering construction defect mold

cases and then subrogating back against builder.

07-21-00 Phone conversation with Mike Bruneau, The Lund

Group, on Ballard case. He says State Farm recently had mold/illness

at their HQ office, remediation, etc, but apparently not extending

info to field claims under policies.

08-00-00 Claims magazine - " Mold & Mildew: A Creeping

Catastrophe " by Everette Lee Herndon, Jr. and Chin S. Yang, PhD.

Adjusters must respond quickly to water damage claims, get water

extraction started and check for mold.

http://www.claimsmag.com/Issues/aug00/mold.asp

http://www.leeherndon.com/MoldMild.htm

08-05-00 Telephone discussion with Melinda Ballard - She has

database of over 7,000 mold claims in past 1 ½ years. Anticipates

her case going to trial in Feb/Apr 2001.

08-10-00 EPA - Mold Links and General Information Page -

Information Sheet on Molds. Synopsis of mold, flooding, health,

homes, etc. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/moldresources.html

08-20-00 USA Weekend - Mold in Schools: a health alert.

Report on various schools and problems.

Summer 00 Aerotech Monitor - Stachybotrys chartarum Detection

Technology - Genetically based system to quickly test for

Stachybotrys. Also chart summary of NYC Guidelines.

09-04-00 Time magazine - " Mold Busters " - Mold in homes,

medical problems, lawsuits, etc.

09-15-00 Claims Conference of Northern California - Seminar -

Mold: Coverage & Analysis.

09-28-00 CBS News - cbsnews.com - An Insidious Mold.

Discussion of the Ballard case.

http://cbsnews.com/now/story/0,1597,167069-412,00.shtml

Fall 2000 Aerotech Monitor by Aerotech Labs. " Mycotoxin

Analyses Now Available " - Analysis for trichothecenes now available.

09-29-00 v. Allstate Ins. Co. No. CIV-S-00-907-PAN

(E.D. Cal. verdict Sept. 29, 2000). Northern California jury awarded

a 96-year-old man $500,000 in economic and emotional distress

damages and $18 million in punitive damages after he sued Allstate,

his insurance carrier, for refusing to pay for mold remediation and

related repairs in his home.

10-00-00 IEQ Strategies by Cutter Info. Corp - " When to

Search for Hidden Mold in Office Buildings " - With water intrusion

and occupant complaints of medical problems similar to microbial or

mold problems, you need to look for hidden mold/microbial sources

and

remediate.

http://cutter.com/ieqs/2000toc.htm

10-00-00 HR magazine - Sick Buildings Discusses sick

buildings and need for action.

http://www.shrm.org/hrmagazine/articles/1000cov.htm

10-02-00 Lawyers Weekly USA - " Toxic Mold...the Next

Asbestos " by Sylvia Hsieh. Mold claims are on the rise. Mold being

closely monitored by insurers' radar screens. Examples of lawsuits

around the country.

http://www.breatheasier.com/news_toxic_mold.asp

10-03-00 KXTV Channel 10, Sacramento - " Elderly Man Fights

Insurance Company and Wins " - reporting on vs. Allstate

court case.

10-04-00 Illinois Department of Public Health -

" Stachybotrys Chartarum (atra) – What You Need to Know! " Any mold

can cause a health effect under the right conditions. While some

reports exaggerate the severity of possible health effects, it is

important to handle all molds with caution.

Testing for molds is very difficult and expensive, and it cannot

determine whether health effects will occur. Due to these

uncertainties, the Illinois Department of Public Health does not

recommend testing for molds in most cases. If you can see or smell

mold, testing is not necessary; it needs to be cleaned

up.

http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/factsheets/stachybotrys.htm

10-05-00 Sacramento Bee - " Allstate suit nets man $18.5

million " - awarded @ $18.5 million in federal court

case. Punitive damages = $18 million.

10-06-00 UPI - " Toxic mold a growing legal issue " - Health

problems in homes and workplaces. Water intrusion, mold, lawsuits.

Examples of some

lawsuits.

http://www.enn.com/news/wire-

stories/2000/10/10062000/upi_mold_32232.asp

10-12-00 FOX News - " Lawsuits Multiply Over the Fungus Among

Us " by Adrienne Mand. Toxic mold lawsuits are spreading fast. Mold

problems well known in Europe for decades, Canada is 10-15 years

ahead of us.

http://www.rense.com/general4/fungus.htm

10-28-00 Sacramento Bee - " Mold chasing 270 from

apartments " - Deer Creek Apartments, mold, tenants forced to move.

10-30-00 ToxLaw.com - " The Killer Within Us: Indoor Molds &

Their Toxic Effects " by Nachman Brautbar, M.D. If suspect mold as

cause for symptomatology, see a specialist. Specialist should review

possible causes, temporal relationship and biological plausability

that mold can cause these

problems.

http://hometown.aol.com/brautbar/mold.html

11-00-00 Claims magazine - " Allstate Suit Nets Man $18.5

million " - , Federal Court, Sacramento, $18 million

punitive damage award.

11-00-00 Apartment Times - " Mold Could Cost You Millions If

You're Not Careful " By Sky Woodward .

http://www.milesstockbridge.com/articles/moldcostmillions.htm

11-00-00 Cleaning & Restoration magazine - " Protect Yourself

From Mold Liability " by Everette Lee Herndon, Jr. Cleaning and

restoration personnel should approach water damage claims

cautiously, look for mold and protect all parties if mold found.

http://www.leeherndon.com/MoldProt.htm

11-00-00 Insurance Journal - " MOLD in Buildings: Creates New

Frontier in Construction Defect Litigation, Definition of Pollution "

by Catheringe Tapia and Constance Parten. Mold at center of

construction defect litigation. Examples: Visalia courthouse and

Ballard case in Texas.

http://www.insurancejournal.com/html/ijweb/publications/IJTexas/t1120

00/moldinbldg.htm

11-10-00 Sacramento Bee - " Mold plagues tenants, landlords " -

Deer Creek Apartments, mold, lawsuits.

11-15-00 Property Claims Forum, Sacramento - Luncheon

program on Mold. Handouts - " Mold Prevention and Control " and " Mold:

The Basics " both by Jim Holland.

11-20-00 Insurance Journal - " MOLD in Buildings: Creates New

Frontier in Construction Defect Litigation, Definition of Pollution "

By Tapia and Constance Parten. At the center of what could

become one of the fastest growing areas of both construction defect

litigation and toxic tort litigation is an extremely common organism

found in virtually every home and building. Mold.

http://www.insurancejrnl.com/html/ijweb/publications/IJTexas/t112000/

moldinbldg.htm

11-24-99 Mealey's - " Microbial Contamination Litigation " The

Mold Monster " By on, IV.

http://www.rvclaw.com/ttcover.htm

11-28-00 American RE (AMRE) - " Toxic Mold " by nne

Sparks, Assistant Vice President, Claim Department. M icrobiological

fungi, mold and a variety of indoor air pollutants are commonly

found in buildings with water intrusion problems. . . . Because of

the frequency of hidden mold growth in buildings with a history of

chronic water intrusion, claims relating to mold/microbiological

contamination have risen dramatically in recent years in residential

construction

litigation.

http://www.amre.com/content/iw/sparks_toxic.htm

12-00-00 Aerotech LABORATORIES, Inc - Technical Bulletin

1.1 - " MYCOTOXINS " - discusses sampling, some mycotoxins and their

health effects, etc.

12-00-00 ENN - " Toxic Mold A Growing Legal Issue " - Mold

claims are on the rise. Like asbestos 30 years

ago.

http://www.enn.com/news/wire-

stories/2000/10/10062000/upi_mold_32232.asp

12-00-00 CA Department of Health - " Misinterpretation of

Stachybotrys Serology " - Symptoms associated with mold exposure are

non-specific and vary greatly with individual susceptibility. There

are currently no validated biomarkers of exposure to specific indoor

fungi or their toxins. Stachybotrys chartarum serology tests have no

clinical application at this

time.

http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/deodc/ehib/EHIB2/topics/Serologyf2.htm

12-04-00 Newsweek - by Anne Underwood, " Your Home A Hidden

Health Hazard: Sneezing and Sniffling? Maybe the Problem Isn't a

Cold But Mold. It's More Dangerous Than You Think. " Newsweek, Dec.

4, 2000, at page 74.

12-08-00 " Toxic Mold Sickens Apartment Residents; Lawsuit

Filed " , in Business Wire. Two former apartment residents filed suit

in Washington against the owner of the large complex where they had

lived, claiming that deadly mold growing in their apartments made

them seriously and chronically ill.

01-00-01 Claims magazine - " Giving the Devil's Advocate His

Due " by Jeff Bishop - discussion of insurance industry, water

damage, drying efforts and mold

problems.

http://www.claimsmag.com/Issues/Jan01/for.asp

01-00-01 " The 'Mold Monster': Myth or Menace? " By

Sweeney and Sheri A. Mullikin. January 2001 issue of Mealey's

Litigation Report. http://www.milesstockbridge.com/articles/Mold%

20Monster.html

01-09-01 KCRA TV, Sacramento. " Mold Forces Families Out of

Homes " - Dozens of families in Dinon in Kaufman & Broad's homes have

water seepage and mold claims and medical problems.

01-14-01 Reno Gazette-Journal - " Toxic mold: Reports double

since 1988 " by X. Mullen, Jr. - UNLV center, Ms. Stetzenbach

says, investigated 72 mold cases in 1998, 92 in 1999, and 156 in

2000. Water saturated materials should be removed and

replaced.

http://www.rgj.com/news2/stories/news/979531976.php

01-14-01 Reno Gazette-Journal - " Toxic mold: Lawyer compiles

growing case file " by X. Mullen, Jr. - Attorney Bob Maddox

representing many clients with construction liability - mold cases.

01-14-01 Reno Gazette-Journal - " Wiped out by a microbe " by

X. Mullen, Jr. - Describes case of Lyons family in Sparks.

Chronic mold and medical problems.

01-17-01 Property Claims Forum, Sacramento - Luncheon

lecture on mold and remediation. Presented by Jim Holland and Chuck

.

02-24-01 Insurance Journal - " MOLD in Buildings: Creates New

Frontier in Construction Defect Litigation, Definition of Pollution "

By Catheringe Tapia and Constance Parten

02-24-01 Insurance Journal - " Mold Claims Create a New

Frontier in Constuction Defect Litigation " , By Tapia

http://www.insurancejrnl.com/html/ijweb/publications/IJWest/w100200/m

oldclaims.htm

03-00-01 Mealey's Litigation Report - " Are Mold Claims

Excluded From Your CGL Policy? " By ph W. Hovermill.

http://www.milesstockbridge.com/articles/moldclaims.html

03-12-01 PLRB Claims Conference 2001 - " There's a Fungus

Among Us - Microbial Contamination "

03-13-01 PLRB Claims Conference 2001 - " Mold - Separating

Fact From Fiction "

03-14-01 PLRB Claims Conference 2001 - " Fungus, Mold and

Mildew "

03-19-01 propertyandcasualty.com - Quinley on Risk: 'Curing

the risk of sick building syndrome' By M. Quinley

http://www.propertyandcasualty.com/content/news/article.asp?DocID=

{AC99154C-1BB8-11D5-A770-00D0B7694F32} & VNETCOOKIE=NO

03-20-01 Insurer.com - Water, fire, smoke, or mold damage?

You need a certified restorer! By insure.com. If your house suffers

damage from a flood or fire, or even a burst pipe that ruins a

finished basement, you'll want to call someone who has specific

training in how to properly clean up a house, possessions, and

furnishings. Such a person is known as a certified restorer.

http://www.insure.com/home/certrestorer.html

Apr-May-01 GP Solo Magazine, ABA - " MOLD: An emerging construction

defect. " By on, IV

http://www.rvclaw.com/emerge1.htm

05-00-01 California Lawyer - " Think Mold; Its the next new

thing in toxic tort litigation. " By on, IV.

http://www.rvclaw.com/caesqthinkmold.htm

05-00-01 American Industrial Hygiene Association - Report of

Microbial Growth Task Force. This report addresses 11 common

questions about remediating microbial growth (including molds) and

worker protection during clean-up.

http://www.aiha.org/Committees/documents/webmicrobialbook.pdf

05-00-01 Jury verdict - Ballard v. Farmers Insurance Group -

$32.1 million, even after the evidence of bodily injury was excluded

from the trial for technical reasons. The damages were: Actual

Property - $6.2 million, Mental Anguish - $5 million, Punitive

Damages - $12 million and Legal Fees - $8.9 million.

06-00-01 RIMS - Rough Notes Magazine - The Growing Concern

over Mold, Mildew and Other Fungi - Panel discusses mold-related

legal strategies, risk management and insurance

concerns.

http://www.roughnotes.com/rnmag/june01/06p104.htm

06-26-01 Mealey's Mold Litigation Conference - " Are Mold

Claims Covered Under A Homeowner's Policy? " By Everette Lee Herndon,

Jr.

http://www.leeherndon.com/MoldHO.htm

07-00-01 Independent Insurance Agents of America (IIAA) - "

The Insurance Implications of Toxic Mold Claims " Discussion of

insurance coverage of mold.

http://206.135.104.240/village/iiavu/library/Insurance/PL/HO/Articles

/LibraryInsurancePLHOArticlesToxicMold.htm

08-00-01 Mealey's - Toxic Mold Litigation: " The Asbestos of

the New Millenium " By on, IV, ESQ.

http://www.rvclaw.com/toxmol1.htm

11-00-01 Best's Review - " Mold: A Growing Problem " , by Lynna

Goch. Toxic mold is eating away at homes and homeowners insurers'

profits. To separate the truth from the fiction in mold claims,

insurers must educate themselves about the toxicology and medical

aspects of the

issue.

http://www.bestreview.com/2001-11/cover_mold.html

11-00-01 Best's Review - " Searching for Guidance " by Joann

Selleck. The development of standards will assist risk managers,

underwriters, brokers, claim adjusters and attorneys in addressing

mold problems that they

encounter.

http://www.bestreview.com/2001-11/cover_guide.html

11-01-01 Insurancenewsnet - Risk Management - " Beyond sick

building syndrome: Mold litigation enters the main stream " by Ann

Deering, Risk Management, New YorkAlthough it affects a broad range

of concerns for risk managers, from damage claims to workers'

compensation, this frenzy has created an instant insurance industry

crisis. http://www.insurancenewsnet.com/article.asp?

newsid=Co:dw0e9GodGWnZuYmt

11-06-01 Insurancenewsnet - PR Newswire - " Toxic Mold/Mould

Stachybotrys Chartarum: The Next Asbestos? " Stachybotrys Chartarum

Toxic Mold. It's not exactly a household word. But it's a household

problem in United States that is giving homeowners insurers

fits.

http://www.insurancenewsnet.com/article.asp?newsid=Co:TI0bWbve8Wmt

Everette Lee Herndon, Jr., is a Claims Consultant and Expert Witness

working primarily in insurance bad faith cases. He is currently

working on a number of mold related cases nationwide. Mr. Herndon

was the plaintiff's bad faith expert in the mold related case of

v. Allstate. He has been a speaker at Mealey's Mold

Conference on insurance coverage and mold. Mr. Herndon was an

adjuster for over 25 years. He is a member of the California Bar and

is based in Rancho Murieta, Calif. Copyright 2001