Re: Re: High-protein ^ cancer?

[Guest guest]

Hi All,

For your information from Dr. Fontana's study on the

item that Diane discuses, see:

TABLE 1

Macronutrient intake among groups of study subjects1

=====================================================

--------------------Low-protein, low-calorie diet

group (n=18) Endurance runners (n=20) Western diet

group (n=18) P

=====================================================

Energy (kcal/d)2 1989±5563 2634±700 2346±558 0.018

Protein (g · kg1 · d1)2 0.73±0.24,5 1.60±0.4

1.23±0.4 0.0001

Protein (% of energy)2 9.3±3.33,6 15.3±3.0 17.0±3.5

0.0001

Fat (% of energy)2 42.8±8.23,6 30.5±9.0 34.2±6.4

0.0001

SFA (% of energy)2 7.7±4.44 9.6±3.6 11.5±3.0 0.013

MUFA (% of energy)2 21.1±4.14,5 11.9±3.8 12.8±2.6

0.0001

PUFA (% of energy)2 10.9±4.64,5 6.6±2.3 7.1±2.1 0.0001

trans fatty acids (g/d)7

Men 0.2±0.34,5 5.9±2.5 6.9±3.1 0.0001

Women 0.8±0.94,5 3.7±2.5 4.5±1.0 0.001

Carbohydrate (% of energy)2 47.8±6.53 54.2±9.4

48.8±6.0 0.01

Total fiber (g/d)7

Men 60±194,5 34±16 25±10 0.0001

Women 37±104,5 19±4 19±4 0.0001

=====================================================

....1 All values are x±SD. SFA, saturated fatty acids;

MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA,

polyunsaturated fatty acids.

....2 Nonsignificant interaction between sex and group

in 2-factor ANOVA; therefore, the sexes were analyzed

together.

....3 Significantly different from endurance runners, P

</=0.05 (post hoc Tukey’s test).

....4 Significantly different from endurance runners, P

</=0.05 (post hoc Games-Howell’s test).

....5 Significantly different from Western diet group,

P </=0.01 (post hoc Games-Howell’s test).

....6 Significantly different from Western diet group,

P </=0.006 (post hoc Tukey’s test).

....7 Significant interaction between sex and group (P

<0.05) in 2-factor ANOVA; therefore, the sexes were

analyzed separately.

--- Diane Walter <dianepwalter@...> wrote:

> Two interesting topics posted today - the one below

> where Al points

> out that a low-calorie, low-protein diet may help

> stave off cancer,

> and where Tony said:

>

> " High carbohydrate, low-fat diets increase

> cholesterol because

> carbohydrates get metabolized to palmitate (C16:0)

> which is a

> saturated fatty acid that can increase cholesterol.

> When the diet

> does not have enough omega-6, i.e., linoleic acid

> (C18:2), your

> cholesterol will be high. "

>

> So the message here (besides eating fewer calories)

> is: low protein

> and low carbohydrates...and high fat??

>

> What percentages of protein/carbo/fat should I be

> striving for? I

> know Jeff recommends keeping fat at <= 20%. But

> that would boost the

> percentages of fat and carbos. I'm confused.

-- Al Pater, PhD; email: Alpater@...

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[Guest guest]

Hi All,

It seems to me that the low calorie and low protein

dieters were better than the runner group also. " Low

protein intake may have additional protective effects

because it is associated with a decrease in

circulating IGF-I independent of body fat mass " may

also suggest that the levels of fat were not major

factors in the benefits, for the IGF-I anyway.

Protein seemed to have a stronger effect than the low calories, but

CR does have a strong effect.

Luigi Fontana, Klein, and O Holloszy

Long-term low-protein, low-calorie diet and endurance

exercise modulate metabolic factors associated with

cancer risk

Am J Clin Nutr 2006 84: 1456-1462.

Results: BMI was lower in the low-protein, low-calorie

diet (21.3±3.1) and runner (21.6±1.6) groups than in

the Western diet (26.5±2.7; P < 0.005) group. Plasma

concentrations of insulin, free sex hormones, leptin,

and C-reactive protein were lower and sex

hormone-binding globulin was higher in the

low-protein, low-calorie diet and runner groups than

in the sedentary Western diet group (all P < 0.05).

Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the

concentration ratio of IGF-I to IGF binding protein 3

were lower in the low-protein, low-calorie diet group

(139±37 ng/mL and 0.033±0.01, respectively) than in

the runner (177±37 ng/mL and 0.044±0.01, respectively)

and sedentary Western (201±42 ng/mL and 0.046±0.01,

respectively) diet groups (P < 0.005).

Conclusions: Exercise training, decreased adiposity,

and long-term consumption of a low-protein,

low-calorie diet are associated with low plasma growth

factors and hormones that are linked to an increased

risk of cancer. Low protein intake may have additional

protective effects because it is associated with a

decrease in circulating IGF-I independent of body fat

mass.

--- <truepatriot@...> wrote:

> Even the highest protein group, the Western diet

> eaters,

> only got 14-20% of their calories from that

> macronutrient.

> Not exceedingly high. My take on this study is that

> the

> findings of benefit for the low-protein group was

> more due

> to their CR and lower saturated fat intake than

> their low

> protein, 6(!)-12%.

-- Al Pater, PhD; email: Alpater@...

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