Biochemical and molecular basis of thimerosal-induced apoptosis in T cells: a major role of mitochondrial pathway.

[Guest guest]

Apoptosis basically means cell death......

Here is some interesting info on Apoptosis

http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/95/4/782

(and much of this is theoretical)

Sheri

" These data suggest that thimerosal induces apoptosis in T cells via

mitochondrial pathway by inducing oxidative stress and depletion of GSH. "

Genes Immun. 2002 Aug;3(5):270-8.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/utils/lofref.fcgi?PrId=3094 & uid=12140745 &

db=pubmed & url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6363854

Biochemical and molecular basis of thimerosal-induced apoptosis in T cells:

a major role of mitochondrial pathway.

Makani S, Gollapudi S, Yel L, Chiplunkar S, Gupta S.

Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratories, Division of Basic and

Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.

The major source of thimerosal (ethyl mercury thiosalicylate) exposure is

childhood vaccines. It is believed that the children are exposed to

significant accumulative dosage of thimerosal during the first 2 years of

life via immunization. Because of health-related concerns for exposure to

mercury, we examined the effects of thimerosal on the biochemical and

molecular steps of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in Jurkat T cells.

Thimerosal and not thiosalcylic acid (non-mercury component of thimerosal),

in a concentration-dependent manner, induced apoptosis in T cells as

determined by TUNEL and propidium iodide assays, suggesting a role of

mercury in T cell apoptosis. Apoptosis was associated with depolarization

of mitochondrial membrane, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing

factor (AIF) from the mitochondria, and activation of caspase-9 and

caspase-3, but not of caspase-8. In addition, thimerosal in a

concentration-dependent manner inhibited the expression of XIAP, cIAP-1 but

did not influence cIAP-2 expression. Furthermore, thimerosal enhanced

intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduced intracellular glutathione

(GSH). Finally, exogenous glutathione protected T cells from

thimerosal-induced apoptosis by upregulation of XIAP and cIAP1 and by

inhibiting activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3. These data suggest

that thimerosal induces apoptosis in T cells via mitochondrial pathway by

inducing oxidative stress and depletion of GSH.

PMID: 12140745 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA, Classical Homeopath

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & Wales UK

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