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Dear Jean: When Kaufman uses her own materials she is adimant about the

children completing the card. There were times that my son would get so angry

with her he would shut down. When that happens his SL:P should back down a

bit, do something else and return to it. I am assuming that after a card or

two is attempted by your son there is a toy to play with or a game. that he

and the therapist are playing as they work the sounds. Stay in the room for

as long aqs you have to. Sandy

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  • 2 years later...

No doubt to me -choose door number one -!

I highly recommend Kaufman first, and not because she made me

an honorary SLP, but because she can start you on an appropriate

therapy path which is proven in many of our children to work while

you explore what caused the apraxia.

Kaufman is a professional advisor to both the nonprofit CHERAB

Foundation, as well as Speechville.com and has also spoken for us

probono at many events now. Her Kaufman approach is just

brilliant. Again however -I recommend using it along with other

multisensory therapies (and so does who I've talked to this

about) In addition - also offers a video consult which is

$100 -obviously not comprehensive -but do-able for most.

Even if it ends up that your child's analysis comes out positive to

toxins -that only means your child is probably then like most of ours

http://www.cherab.org/news/Save.html Your child (even if there is a

toxic cause to the condition) will still require appropriate therapy in

addition to any alternative treatment. I'm positive there are

environmental factors to this. After all in Texas (a pocket area) instead of an

article about EFAs in formula -there is one about " Toxic Rocket Fuel

Found In Milk Samples From Texas Supermarkets "

http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/es034735q

and they are looking for people to be tested for toxins in Ohio (so

if you live in this pocket area you can do this for free!)

" Groups to measure toxins in residents "

http://www.mariettatimes.com/news/story/0919202003_new03sytix.asp

Perhaps this is why most of our children respond so dramatically to

EFAs, in addition to remyelinating properties -EFAs I'm told have

strong detox properties as well. (talk to your doctor and try

them...they work!) Most of our children respond to this simple

dietary change alone, however there are a few who are reported to

require more dramatic dietary changes as well as other alternative

holistic interventions that you could do (under a respected MD's

care)

And for who is looking for an inexpensive Kaufman Kit -why not

ask here if anyone is wanting to sell theirs. Children move from

Kit 1 to Kit 2... I can tell you after spending thousands and

thousands of dollars on therapy -the one hundred plus bucks for

's kit is well worth it -and something you can use and home and

travel with -and bring with your child to preschool or therapy for

them to borrow if they are not prepared.

=====

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Mandy: Where are you located? You mention going to the Pfeiffer

Clinic, so that leads me to believe you are in the Chicago area? If

so, I live in Gurnee, Illinois and I bought the first Kaufman set of

cards,,,,we could share them? We hardly use them anymore anyway.

Also, I think it is a great idea to get all of those bio-medical

testing done, however, not everyone will agree. REgardless, I

researched the Pfeiffer Clinic and other doctors and decided on Dr.

Hicks who is primarily out of Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, but in on

Wednesdays in Grayslake, Il. He and his group are fantastic!

Let me know.

Kim

> Hello again everyone...

>

> I again have a question...we have a chance to make an appointment

to

> have our son (3.7yrs./speech apraxia) see Kaufman with

> the Kaufman Children's Center for speech in Michigan. If you aren't

> familiar with her work...she created the Kaufman Praxia Test and

> Kaufman Kits to work with Apraxia. We really are interested and

> excited in making an appointment with her.

>

> I guess my question is this..has anyone seen her weather it be on

an

> evalution or seminar and can give us some insight into this. We

> really have to look hard at what we do for just due to the

> fact that EVERYTHING we do for him comes out of our pocket.

>

> We are really searching hard on what the " right " technique/therapy

is

> for . I see so many different posts on what everyone else

> does..but it's difficult to judge what is " right " for your child.

>

> We have already made an appoitment to go to the Pfeiffer Treatment

> Center in Chicago to have 's hair,urine and blood tested to

see

> if he is maybe laking in certain minerals/vitamins.

>

> We deffinetly couldn't do both of these... Kaufman and

> Pfeiffer...so this is the delima we are in. Do we go traditional

with

> Kaufman or go the other way with Pfeiffer? I'm not asking for

> anyone to " tell " me what to do..I'm just looking for some insight.

We

> just want the best for our son and are having trouble finding out

> what the best for is.

>

> Again...Thank you in advance!

>

> Mandy

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Hello...

I am the one looking into the Kaufman center.... Kaufman is the

one who created the Kaufman Praxis Test and the Kaufman Kits are a technique in

helping apraxia. We are more than likely not going to go after all...like

someone else just mentioned...we already have the diagnosis of apraxia and all

she

can do is show us how to use her Kaufman method. But we would still have to

find a SLP in Ohio that is educated in this method. Do you have a diagnosis of

apraxia?

Hope this helps...let me know if you would like more information!!

Mandy

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Hi ,

I know Kaufman is suppose to be great and but it sounds like

the apraxia has already been diagnosed. Yes she may tell you that her

technique will really help him, but then you are back to finding an

SLP in Ohio who will use them. On the other hand maybe the video tape

idea which is much cheaper could allow you to do both.

If you are looking to test hair, urine, etc.. maybe go with someone

else's thought I think it was Kim and go to a DAN Dr. Not sure if

because they are Dr.'s you will then be covered.

denise

> We deffinetly couldn't do both of these... Kaufman and

> Pfeiffer...so this is the delima we are in. Do we go traditional

with

> Kaufman or go the other way with Pfeiffer? I'm not asking for

> anyone to " tell " me what to do..I'm just looking for some insight.

We

> just want the best for our son and are having trouble finding out

> what the best for is.

>

> Again...Thank you in advance!

>

> Mandy

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Hi Mandy,

I'm in a rush (again) so hope that this point comes across.

You wouldn't take your child to see Kaufman solely to let you

know if your child has apraxia. Kaufman and her

techniques/methods and advice have greatly assisted many children in

our group who live in other states or countries through coordinating an

appropriate therapy program with local therapists. I love the

Kaufman technique (together with other multisensory approaches)

http://www.kidspeech.com is 's website.

Ohio is not a state that is lacking in resources, support or

members. In fact CHERAB of Ohio is there -

http://www.cherabofohio.org You can join their online group

as well.

Other members from Ohio -what are your views on this? I know from

our Jersey group -chelation had a patchy response -worked

dramatically well for a few -no change at all for others who

complained about expense on top of it not working. On the other

hand those from Jersey who traveled to see Kaufman -the

percentage who rave about success is high. Woods RN from

Westchester NY isn't even active on our grouplist anymore her son

(mild CP and apraxia) is doing so well on appropriate therapy/EFAs -

she had tried both (and more) and highly recommends . Email me

off list and I'll see if will let me give you her number if

you want to talk to her.

For those of you who are in local support groups and can see the

numbers from others in your area that you know - to prove what I'm

saying is right or wrong -correct me please if I'm wrong. Can't get

much more toxic of an area than Jersey -and if chelation isn't the

magic bullet for even a solid half there -than where? Again -EFAs

are in my opinion the closest we have to a magic bullet in almost

all areas. And in the cases where chelation works -take away the

EFAs and see if you find the same results.

Sure chelation is something to explore -read both pros and cons from

reputable sources. Since I'm sure you've read the former -read this

for the latter:

http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chelation.html

(Yes we know that many MDs are still learning what some here already

know -but that doesn't mean you should not at least read the cons

from some medical doctors and see what they have to say too. We

need mutual respect between parents and professionals -and that

includes medical professionals. Just my viewpoint -feel free to

disagree. I'm always looking to learn more. and I know this subject

is deeply split here.)

=====

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> Sure chelation is something to explore -read both pros and cons

from

> reputable sources. Since I'm sure you've read the former -read

this

> for the latter:

> http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/chelation.html

> (Yes we know that many MDs are still learning what some here

already

> know -but that doesn't mean you should not at least read the cons

> from some medical doctors and see what they have to say too. We

> need mutual respect between parents and professionals -and that

> includes medical professionals. Just my viewpoint -feel free to

> disagree. I'm always looking to learn more. and I know this

subject

> is deeply split here.)

>

> =====

>

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  • 1 month later...

Thanks for sharing! Whem is your appt.? Please keep us posted.

Kate, Mom to (and ) who turned 3 today!!!!

> I just wanted to let everyone know that I attended one of 's

> workshops here in Indianapolis just a few weeks ago. My son's SLP

> had attended the same workshop (Evaluation and Treatment of

Apraxia)

> last year in Michigan and we were talking about it one day. I

> checked out 's website and found the date for the workshop. I

> was one of about 10 moms in the audience of about 150.

> actually made a point to sit with the mothers (and a few fathers)

at

> lunchtime and address any special questions or concerns we had.

Her

> website gives information on sending a video to her for evaluation

> ($100 fee) and I talked to her about it because I was going to do

> it. However, she honestly admitted that there might be some things

> that she would miss and her written evaluation might be skewed as a

> result. Instead, she recommends visiting the Center. Even though

> it is a 5 hour drive from my home and the appointment is only 1 1/2

> hours long, I am taking my son to her. She shows videotapes of

> children she has treated in " before " and " after " situations. Based

> on those tapes and her explanation of her method, I consider her a

> real godsend. Seeing those children (mostly boys, incidentally)

> progress from being able to barely approximate a word to speaking

> spontaneous sentences really gave me hope that Ian will one day be

> an " after. " I was literally crying during the videotapes. After

> our appointment I will post what happened.

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Another very popular subject! is one of my favorite people in

the world -she is such a bubble! (I call happy people bubbles)

has spoken pro bono at any conference I've help to book -here are just

some. Her presentations are both informative and energetic.

http://www.cherab.org/news/scientific.html

http://www.cherab.org/programs/Kaufman.html

http://www.cherab.org/news/nc2003-conference.html

Here is an archive from about a month ago on her -I'm sure may

pop in and have something else to add!

(Mandy did you see ever see ?!) ~

From: " kiddietalk " <kiddietalk@...>

Date: Mon Sep 22, 2003 12:52 pm

Subject: Re: Kaufman

No doubt to me -choose door number one -!

I highly recommend Kaufman first, and not because she made me

an honorary SLP, but because she can start you on an appropriate

therapy path which is proven in many of our children to work while

you explore what caused the apraxia.

Kaufman is a professional advisor to both the nonprofit CHERAB

Foundation, as well as Speechville.com and has also spoken for us

probono at many events now. Her Kaufman approach is just

brilliant. Again however -I recommend using it along with other

multisensory therapies (and so does who I've talked to this

about) In addition - also offers a video consult which is

$100 -obviously not comprehensive -but do-able for most.

Even if it ends up that your child's analysis comes out positive to

toxins -that only means your child is probably then like most of ours

http://www.cherab.org/news/Save.html Your child (even if there is a

toxic cause to the condition) will still require appropriate therapy

in addition to any alternative treatment. I'm positive there are

environmental factors to this. After all in Texas (a pocket area)

instead of an article about EFAs in formula -there is one

about " Toxic Rocket Fuel Found In Milk Samples From Texas

Supermarkets "

http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/es034735q

and they are looking for people to be tested for toxins in Ohio (so

if you live in this pocket area you can do this for free!)

" Groups to measure toxins in residents "

http://www.mariettatimes.com/news/story/0919202003_new03sytix.asp

Perhaps this is why most of our children respond so dramatically to

EFAs, in addition to remyelinating properties -EFAs I'm told have

strong detox properties as well. (talk to your doctor and try

them...they work!) Most of our children respond to this simple

dietary change alone, however there are a few who are reported to

require more dramatic dietary changes as well as other alternative

holistic interventions that you could do (under a respected MD's

care)

And for who is looking for an inexpensive Kaufman Kit -why not

ask here if anyone is wanting to sell theirs. Children move from

Kit 1 to Kit 2... I can tell you after spending thousands and

thousands of dollars on therapy -the one hundred plus bucks for

's kit is well worth it -and something you can use and home and

travel with -and bring with your child to preschool or therapy for

them to borrow if they are not prepared.

=====

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  • 2 months later...

As you already know - I am sooo happy and excited for you. good

luck with everything and keep me posted. And oh by the way D.H.

will look at a tape too! Email me and we can talk!

Adrienne

> I think this is my time to speak up!

>

> I just sent in a tape of my daughter Lindsey to Kaufman. It

was a

> really good tape of the 'true' Lindsey. I covered a lot just to

make sure

> she saw all sides of Lindsey's. I targeted into her face and

mouth the

> whole time. When I looked back at the tape,I was amazed at what I

saw. When

> you see a whole TV of your child talking,you see things that you

didn't see

> before.

> I also taped her having a apraxia test with her SLP. I feel VERY

confident

> that got the true picture.

>

> In a matter of days called me and had SO many suggestions!

She needs

> to talk with Lindseys SLP to go over it all,but we have a plan!

I'm just not

> sure what it is yet lol!

> Lindsey definitely has verbal and oral apraxia. She needs alot of

work with

> oral motor. We will be be doing s therapy program

> talktoolstm.com for the oral motor and another plan for the verbal

apraxia.

> For the first time in a long time I feel REALLY hopeful. Lindsey

will be 8

> in June so we have lots of work to do with her. It would have

helped I'm

> sure if we got the help from Kaufman earlier,but I was

unable to go to

> her,and when I found out she did video consultations,I started

taping the

> same day!

>

> I couldn't have asked for a more perfect time too. is having

a work

> shop next Fri in Ft Lauderdale Florida, just 2 1/2 house from my

home.

> really stressed how important it was for Lindseys speech

pathologist

> to be there,and she said she will when I called her!

>

> Jennie

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  • 2 years later...

I live in MI and I take my 3.10 son to Kaufman center. It's an hr

drive so we go 1x per week. He was evaluated by and we

currently see an associate for services.

Hmmmm... I have to be honest because I think it's important people

don't put NK too high on a pedistal. My eval was a little

disappointing and I left there feeling like she dumped a bucket of cold

water over my head. . But I must say I am impressed with the whole

operation and we are dropping about 800. per month ykkkks. So with

that kind of " cake " one best be feeling mighty fuzzy

I got the very strong impression that she is not all that " on board "

with biomeds, which confused me a lot since she is so promoted with the

Late Talker book. But matters not because I am comfortable that it is

top notch therapy. So you discuss your biomed " plan " with your very

well seasoned and active DAN! Dr whom you are totally comfortable.

Also, if you already have an apraxia dx...Going for an eval with

would be repetitive and just cost you 300.00. Just don't do it

because you've read that she is the " goddess " of apraxia and you just

have to get some face time with her.

>

> Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman in

> Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she does

> intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know of

her

> apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains in

> speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a sound

> to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to go as

> far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and also

> getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the biggest

> challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or even a

> sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas on

> getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

> Thanks,

> beth in Atlanta

>

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I took my daughter to Kaufmann in March of this year. 's office is

West Bloomfield, MI. I think that you can do a web search to get her website

name. You can even email on her website.

is excellent. My daughter has verbal apraxia and she's made tremendous

process since my daughter went to see her in December of last year. Maddi's

speech therapist used the videos as training videos since apraxia is quite rare

and requires much different approach than regular speech therapy.

Please don't feel discouraged. My daughter at 18 months could only make vowel

sounds. Now at three, she's talking in 3-5 word sentences. I went to

when I had the same frustration of not getting words. In a few months, my

daughter improved leaps and bounds. Oddly enough, my daughter was very sick for

three weeks (even hospitalized with Kawasaki disease) and she started talking in

words and very short sentences.

I would recommend 's summer program to you. We didn't go to it, but your

speech therapist sounds good, so he/she may not need training. Your son might

just benefit from intensive therapy.

Good luck! If you need more info., feel free to email me at

kosantowski@....

grodinmorrison <grodinmorrison@...> wrote:

Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman in

Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she does

intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know of her

apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains in

speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a sound

to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to go as

far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and also

getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the biggest

challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or even a

sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas on

getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

Thanks,

beth in Atlanta

---------------------------------

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I took my daughter to Kaufmann in March of this year. 's office is

West Bloomfield, MI. I think that you can do a web search to get her website

name. You can even email on her website.

is excellent. My daughter has verbal apraxia and she's made tremendous

process since my daughter went to see her in December of last year. Maddi's

speech therapist used the videos as training videos since apraxia is quite rare

and requires much different approach than regular speech therapy.

Please don't feel discouraged. My daughter at 18 months could only make vowel

sounds. Now at three, she's talking in 3-5 word sentences. I went to

when I had the same frustration of not getting words. In a few months, my

daughter improved leaps and bounds. Oddly enough, my daughter was very sick for

three weeks (even hospitalized with Kawasaki disease) and she started talking in

words and very short sentences.

I would recommend 's summer program to you. We didn't go to it, but your

speech therapist sounds good, so he/she may not need training. Your son might

just benefit from intensive therapy.

Good luck! If you need more info., feel free to email me at

kosantowski@....

grodinmorrison <grodinmorrison@...> wrote:

Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman in

Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she does

intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know of her

apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains in

speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a sound

to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to go as

far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and also

getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the biggest

challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or even a

sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas on

getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

Thanks,

beth in Atlanta

---------------------------------

Stay in the know. Pulse on the new .com. Check it out.

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A variety of cues can be used to try to stimulate prompted/spontaneous

speech. Many you may have tried before without as much success and

maybe it is time to try them again now that he is able to verbalize

more.

Use a sign or gesture yourself to give a prompt. In this, we are not

really expecting the child to sign back (although they may), but to say

the word we are signing.

Say the first sound or syllable of the word only and wait for the child

to produce the word.

Use a gestural cue for the first sound of the word to help prompt the

child to say the word.

Using " pat " phrases may also be helpful. So, practice short phrases

and and short words. E.g. " I-want-___ " with pauses.

Use pictures to help prompt the child to say a familiar word.

Remember too that if upset or once frustrated that the child may have

difficultly getting out what they want to say even with their best

efforts.

Katina

>

> Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman in

> Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she does

> intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know of

her

> apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains in

> speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a sound

> to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to go as

> far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and also

> getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the biggest

> challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or even a

> sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas on

> getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

> Thanks,

> beth in Atlanta

>

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Beth,

Check out the verbal behavior style of ABA. There are 2 groups

( and verbalbehavior) that cover this area. Kaufman by

the way also uses the vb style of ABA in her clinic. The vb style

focuses on using language in a functional, spontaneous way by

getting the person to request things, thus learning the power of

language (I speak, I get). There are other parts of ABA vb style

that I really like such as errorless learning, pairing the staff

with fun activities so the child enjoys the therapy, etc. My son

has gone from totally non-verbal to be able to spontaneously request

things that to these methods.

Dave

> >

> > Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman

in

> > Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she

does

> > intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know

of

> her

> > apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains

in

> > speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a

sound

> > to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to

go as

> > far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and

also

> > getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the

biggest

> > challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or

even a

> > sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas

on

> > getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

> > Thanks,

> > beth in Atlanta

> >

>

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We took Josh a couple of years ago (going on 3 three years now!) for an eval.

She's in West Bloomfield, Michigan. I absolutely and strongly urge anyone to

take their kid to her at least for an eval. We found that, while we couldn't

stay in Michigan for treatment, her evaluation and report were gold when it came

to getting services in the schools. She is fantastic with the kids, she's a

kick of a person, and the whole experience was incredible!

Sherry (and Josh)

grodinmorrison <grodinmorrison@...> wrote:

Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman in

Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she does

intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know of her

apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains in

speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a sound

to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to go as

far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and also

getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the biggest

challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or even a

sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas on

getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

Thanks,

beth in Atlanta

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I had to admit my stupidity, but what is ABA?

Suzanne

[ ] Re: Kaufman

Beth,

Check out the verbal behavior style of ABA. There are 2 groups

( and verbalbehavior) that cover this area. Kaufman by

the way also uses the vb style of ABA in her clinic. The vb style

focuses on using language in a functional, spontaneous way by

getting the person to request things, thus learning the power of

language (I speak, I get). There are other parts of ABA vb style

that I really like such as errorless learning, pairing the staff

with fun activities so the child enjoys the therapy, etc. My son

has gone from totally non-verbal to be able to spontaneously request

things that to these methods.

Dave

> >

> > Has anyone on the board taken their child to see Kaufman

in

> > Wisconsin(I think that is where she is). I have read that she

does

> > intensive work with kids who have apraxia for 1-4 weeks. I know

of

> her

> > apraxia cards, but not much else. Our son has made great gains

in

> > speech in the past year, from not even being able to imitate a

sound

> > to being able to approximate words. We still have a long way to

go as

> > far as getting the words to really sound like what he means, and

also

> > getting him to spontaneously use words. I guess that is the

biggest

> > challenge. He prefers to melt down instead of using a word, or

even a

> > sign for that matter. If anyone has used or has any ideas

on

> > getting spontaneous speech I would love to hear about it.

> > Thanks,

> > beth in Atlanta

> >

>

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#ygrp-tpmsgs{

font-family:Arial;

clear:both;

}

#ygrp-vitnav{

padding-top:10px;

font-family:Verdana;

font-size:77%;

margin:0;

}

#ygrp-vitnav a{

padding:0 1px;

}

#ygrp-actbar{

clear:both;

margin:25px 0;

white-space:nowrap;

color:#666;

text-align:right;

}

#ygrp-actbar .left{

float:left;

white-space:nowrap;

}

..bld{font-weight:bold;}

#ygrp-grft{

font-family:Verdana;

font-size:77%;

padding:15px 0;

}

#ygrp-ft{

font-family:verdana;

font-size:77%;

border-top:1px solid #666;

padding:5px 0;

}

#ygrp-mlmsg #logo{

padding-bottom:10px;

}

#ygrp-vital{

background-color:#e0ecee;

margin-bottom:20px;

padding:2px 0 8px 8px;

}

#ygrp-vital #vithd{

font-size:77%;

font-family:Verdana;

font-weight:bold;

color:#333;

text-transform:uppercase;

}

#ygrp-vital ul{

padding:0;

margin:2px 0;

}

#ygrp-vital ul li{

list-style-type:none;

clear:both;

border:1px solid #e0ecee;

}

#ygrp-vital ul li .ct{

font-weight:bold;

color:#ff7900;

float:right;

width:2em;

text-align:right;

padding-right:.5em;

}

#ygrp-vital ul li .cat{

font-weight:bold;

}

#ygrp-vital a {

text-decoration:none;

}

#ygrp-vital a:hover{

text-decoration:underline;

}

#ygrp-sponsor #hd{

color:#999;

font-size:77%;

}

#ygrp-sponsor #ov{

padding:6px 13px;

background-color:#e0ecee;

margin-bottom:20px;

}

#ygrp-sponsor #ov ul{

padding:0 0 0 8px;

margin:0;

}

#ygrp-sponsor #ov li{

list-style-type:square;

padding:6px 0;

font-size:77%;

}

#ygrp-sponsor #ov li a{

text-decoration:none;

font-size:130%;

}

#ygrp-sponsor #nc {

background-color:#eee;

margin-bottom:20px;

padding:0 8px;

}

#ygrp-sponsor .ad{

padding:8px 0;

}

#ygrp-sponsor .ad #hd1{

font-family:Arial;

font-weight:bold;

color:#628c2a;

font-size:100%;

line-height:122%;

}

#ygrp-sponsor .ad a{

text-decoration:none;

}

#ygrp-sponsor .ad a:hover{

text-decoration:underline;

}

#ygrp-sponsor .ad p{

margin:0;

}

o {font-size:0;}

..MsoNormal {

margin:0 0 0 0;

}

#ygrp-text tt{

font-size:120%;

}

blockquote{margin:0 0 0 4px;}

..replbq {margin:4;}

-->

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