The Homeopathic and Ecological View of Infectious Disease

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Infectious Disease Effective Alternatives to Antibiotics

This article provided by Homeopathic Educational Services

Dana Ullman, M.P.H. Copyright 1995

Excerpted from: Discovering Homeopathy: Medicine for the 21st Century,

Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1991.

For further information about homeopathic medicine and for access to

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4,140 words / 13 pages

Subheadings:

The Homeopathic and Ecological View of Infectious Disease

Are Antibiotics Helpful in Ear and Throat Infections?

Homeopathic Treatment of Infectious Disease

Homeopathic Treatment of Viral Conditions

PROPHYLAXIS

TREATMENT OF ACUTE ILLNESS

RESTORATION FROM RECURRENT OR LONGLASTING VIRAL INFECTION

CORRECTION OF THE CHRONIC SEQUELAE

Towards the end of Louis Pasteur's life, he confessed that germs may not be

the cause of disease after all, but may simply be another symptom of

disease. He had come to realize that germs seem to lead to illness

primarily when the person's immune and defense system (what biologists call

" host resistance " ) is not strong enough to combat them. The " cause " of

disease is not simply a bacteria but also the factors that compromise host

resistance, including the person's hereditary endowment, his nutritional

state, the stresses in his life, and his psychological state. In describing

one of his experiments with silkworms, Pasteur asserted that the

microorganisms present in such large numbers in the intestinal tract of the

sick worms were " more an effect than a cause of disease. " (1)

With these far-reaching insights Pasteur conceived an ecological

understanding of infectious disease. Infectious disease does not simply

have a single cause but is the result of a complex web of interactions

within and outside the individual.

The Homeopathic and Ecological View of Infectious Disease

An analogy to help develop an understanding of the ecological perspective

of infectious disease can be developed from the situation of mosquitoes and

swamps. It is commonly known that mosquitoes infest swamps because swamps

provide the still waters necessary for the mosquitoes to lay their eggs and

for them to hatch without disruption. In essence, swamps are a perfect

environment for the mosquitoes to reproduce.

A farmer might try to rid his land of mosquitoes by spraying insecticide

over the swamps. If lucky, he will kill all the mosquitoes. However,

because the swamp is still a swamp, it is still a perfect environment for

new mosquitoes to fly in and to lay their eggs. The farmer then sprays his

insecticide again, only to find that more mosquitoes infest the swamp. Over

time, some mosquitoes do not get sprayed with fatal doses of the

insecticide. Instead, they adapt to the insecticide that they have

ingested, and with each generation they are able to pass an increased

immunity to the insecticide on to their offspring.

Soon, the farmer must use stronger and stronger varieties of insecticide,

but as the result of their adaption, some mosquitoes are able to survive,

despite exposure to the insecticide. Similarly, finding streptococcus in a

child's throat does not necessarily mean that the strep " caused " a sore

throat, any more than one could say that the swamp " caused " the mosquitoes.

Streptococcus often inhabits the throat of healthy people without leading

to a sore throat. Symptoms of strep throat only begin if there are

favorable conditions for the strep to reproduce rapidly and aggressively

invade the throat tissue. Strep, like mosquitoes, will only settle and grow

in conditions which are conducive for them.

The child with the strep throat generally gets treated with antibiotics.

Although the antibiotics may be effective in getting rid of the bacteria

temporarily, they do not change the factors that led to the infection in

the first place. When the farmer sprays with insecticide or the physician

prescribes antibiotics but doesn't change the conditions which created the

problem, the mosquitoes and the bacteria are able to return to those

environments that are favorable for their growth.

To make matters worse, the antibiotics kill the beneficial bacteria along

with the harmful bacteria. Since the beneficial bacteria play an important

role in digestion, the individual's ability to assimilate necessary

nutrients to his body is temporarily limited, ultimately making him more

prone to reinfection or other illness in the meantime.

Marc Lappe', PhD, University of Illinois professor and author of When

Antibiotics Fail, notes that, " When these more benevolent counterparts die

off, they leave behind a literal wasteland of vacant tissue and organs.

These sites, previously occupied with normal bacteria, are now free to be

colonized with new ones. Some of these new ones have caused serious and

previously unrecognized diseases. " (2)

Some clinicians have found that inappropriate antibiotic usage can

transform common vaginal " yeast " infections (candida albicans), which are

characterized by simple itching, into a system-wide candida infection which

can cause a variety of acute and chronic problems. (3) Although the

diagnosis of " systemic candidiasis " is controversial, there is general

consensus that frequent antibiotic use can also transform bacteria that

normally live in our bodies without creating any problems into irritating

and occasionally serious infections in the elderly, the infirm, and the

immunodepressed. (4)

And of course, the bacteria learn to adapt to and survive antibiotics.

Scientists then must slightly change the antibiotics (there are over 300

varieties of penicillin alone), or make stronger and stronger antibiotics

(which generally also have more and more serious side effects). Despite the

best efforts of scientists, Dr. Lappe' asserts that we are creating many

more germs than we are medicines, since each new antibiotic brings to life

literally millions of Benedict Arnolds.

Just 15-20 years ago penicillin was virtually always successful in treating

gonorrhea. Now there are gonorrhea bacteria which have learned to resist

penicillin, and these bacteria have now been found in all fifty states as

well as throughout the world. From 1983 to 1984 alone the number of cases

in the U.S. with resistant strains of gonorrhea doubled. (5)

Fleming, the scientist who discovered penicillin, cautioned

against the overuse of antibiotics. Unless the scientific community and the

general public heed his warning, Harvard professor Walter Gilbert, a Nobel

prizewinner in chemistry, asserted, " There may be a time down the road when

80% to 90% of infections will be resistant to all known antibiotics. " (6)

The scientific community and the general public have ignored the insights

of the late Pasteur and have ignored the importance of host resistance in

preventing illness. Most scientists broadly accepted the germ theory, while

only rare individuals have since acknowledged the importance of the

ecological balance of microorganisms in the body. But the wisdom of Pasteur

remains relevant, and more and more scientists are beginning to acknowledge

the importance of alternatives to antibiotics. Even an editorial in the

prestigious New England Journal of Medicine affirmed the need for the

treatment of infections with " less ecologically disturbing techniques. " (7)

Homeopathic medicines will inevitably play a major role as one of these

alternatives.

Are Antibiotics Helpful in Ear and Throat Infections?

Claude Bernard, the esteemed " father of experimental physiology, " affirmed

Pasteur's contention that bacteria are not the cause of disease. In his

most famous book, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine,

Bernard said, " If the exciting cause were the principle factor, for

instance, in pneumonia, everyone exposed to cold would come down with this

disease, whereas only an occassional case of chilll turns into pneumonia.

Unless the subject is predisposed, the most powerful causes will have no

effect on him. Predisposition is the 'pivot of all experimental physiology'

and the real cause of most disease. " (8)

At a health conference in 1976 Jonas Salk noted that there are basically

two ways to heal sick people. First, one can try to control the individual

symptoms the sick person is experiencing, and second, one can try to

stimulate the person's own immune and defense system to enable the body to

heal itself. (9) Whereas conventional medicine's allegiance is to the first

approach, homeopathy and a wide variety of natural healing systems attempt

the latter.

A good example of the questionable value of antibiotic use is their

application in children's earache. Ear infection has become one of the most

common childhood illness. The infection of the middle ear and eardrum is

called " otitis media, " a condition for which most physicians prescribe

antibiotics. Several researchers, however, have found that antibiotics do

not improve health of children compared to those not given antibiotics.

(10) Others have found that antibiotics provide a brief relief of symptoms,

but subsequently there was no difference compared to those children given

placebo. (11) Still others have found that 70% of children with otitis

media still had fluid in the ear after four weeks of treatment and that 50%

of children experience another ear infection within three months. (12)

Although some physicians assert that antibiotics are responsible for the

presently low incidence of complications from ear infections such as

mastoiditis, research has shown that there no evidence that antibiotics

reduce the incidence of mastoiditis. (13) Homeopaths claim a similarly low

complication rate without the use of antibiotics. (14)

One of the more significant studies showed that patients with ear infection

who were treated with antibiotics had appreciably more recurrences (as much

as 2.9 times) than those people who didn't use any treatment. (15)

In chronic ear infection it has become standard procedure for physicians to

use ear tubes in conjunction with antibiotics or in place of it. These

tubes help drain the pus from the ear, but this treatment only deals with

the results of the problem; it does nothing to treat the reason the

infection was able to spread in the first place. This physiological fact

may be the reason ear tubes have been found to be of questionable value. (16)

Antibiotics and ear tubes treat symptoms of a problem. They do not

strengthen the organism so that it can fight the infection itself, nor do

they make the organism less resistant to future infection.

Another myth which continues to be perpetuated is that of the value of

antibiotics in treating sore throats. The primary rationale for using

antibiotics to treat a sore throat has been to prevent the person from

getting rheumatic fever, a potentially fatal condition. Researchers point

out that there is presently an extremely low incidence of rheumatic fever.

(17)* This low incidence is not the result of antibiotic use because there

was a decrease in rheumatic fever incidence even prior to antibiotic use.

[* In 1986 there have been some reports of new outbreaks of rheumatic fever

in some parts of the United States. However, Ellen Wald, M.D., medical

director of Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, noted that too-early

treatment with antibiotics may impair the body's normal immunlogic response

and open up the possibility of reinfection, and that this problem must be

weighed against the benefit of possibly preventing rheumatic fever. One

study showed that those children who were treated with antibiotics

immediately upon diagnosis had eight times the recurrent rate of strep

throat compared to those children who delayed treatment. (18) In the

context of other studies cited in this chapter, it may be worthwhile to

compare those who received delayed treatment with those who received no

antibiotics. It may also be worthwhile to compare these groups with a group

of people prescribed a homeopathic medicine.]

Recent research has even determined that today's strains of streptococcus

very rarely cause rheumatic fever (19) and that antibiotics do not even

eradicate the strep in 25-40% of the cases, despite demonstrated

sensitivity of the organism to the antibiotic. (20)

Also, it is widely recognized that most strep infections are left

untreated, and yet, a vast majority of these people do not get rheumatic

fever. Further, from 33% to 50% of the cases of rheumatic fever occur

without sore throat symptoms. (21) A recent outbreak of rheumatic fever was

reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. (22) Two-thirds of the

children with this disease had no clearcut history of a sore throat within

a three month period preceding the onset of their condition. Of particular

significance, of the 11 children who had throat symptoms and who thus had a

throat culture performed, 8 tested positive for strep. These children were

prescribed antibiotics, and yet, each still developed rheumatic fever.

New evidence shows that antibiotics do help reduce the symptoms of sore

throat faster than placebo. However, it is questionable if antibiotics

should be used simply to relieve self-limited conditions. It is certainly

understandable that antibiotic use be considered when there is a

life-threatening condition. However, it is uncertain how effective they are

in preventing one rare disease. It is also uncertain if it is worth

prescribing these powerful drugs to mass numbers of children in the hope

that a very small number might benefit.

Antibiotics should definately not be given routinely to children with

suspected strep throat. Recent research has now shown that 60% of

children's sore throats are virally caused for which antibiotics are

useless. (23)

This evidence strongly suggests that alternatives to antibiotic usage

should be sought for ear and throat infection. Homeopathy offers a viable

alternative.

Homeopathic Treatment of Infectious Disease

When people think about the successes of modern medicine, they often assert

that we are now living considerably longer than our parents or their

parents. They also usually point to modern medicine's successes in treating

the infectious diseases that raged during previous centuries such as the

plague, cholera, scarlet fever, yellow fever, and typhoid.

Scientists and historians alike agree that these assumptionsare myths, pure

myths. Scientists point out that we are now living longer than ever before,

but this has not primarily been the result of new medical technologies.

Rather, our lengthening life is mostly because of a significant decrease in

infant mortality, which is the result of better hygiene during birth

(hurray for soap!), better nutrition (the creation of cities has enabled

more people to have access to a greater variety of foods, thereby

decreasing malnutrition), and improvements in various public health

measures such as sanitation, better sewage, cleaner water, and pest

control. (24)

Even with all these considerations, the increase in life expectancy for

adults has not been very significant. Statistics show that the average

white male who reached 40 years of age in 1960 lives to be 71.9; whereas an

average white male who reached 40 years of age in 1920 lives to be 69.9.

The average white male who reached 50 years of age in 1982 lives to be 75.6

years, while the average white male who reached 50 years of age in 1912,

survived until 72.2 years. (25)

Nobel Prize-winning microbiologist Rene Dubos noted, " the life expectancy

of adults is not very different now from what it was a few generations ago,

nor is it greater in areas where medical services are highly developed than

in less prosperous countries. " (26)

Historians remind us that conventional medicine was not at all responsible

for the disappearance or decrease in the fatal infectious diseases of the

15th to 19th century. Antibiotics were not even available until the 1940s

and 1950s, and no other conventional drugs were successfully used to treat

most of the infectious epidemics of the past. Even mortality (incidence of

death) from tuberculosis, pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, and whooping

cough were on the sharp decline prior to the introduction of any

conventional medical treatment for them. An important exception was the

decrease in the death rate from polio after the introduction of the polio

vaccine.

A little known fact of history is that homeopathic medicine developed its

popularity in the United States as well as in Europe because of its

successes in treating the infectious epidemics that raged during the 19th

century. Dr. L. Bradford's The Logic of Figures, published in 1900,

compares in detail the death rate in homeopathic versus allopathic

(conventional) medical hospitals and shows that death rates per 100

patients in homeopathic hospitals were often one-half or even one-eighth

that of conventional medical hospitals. (27)

In 1849 the homeopaths of Cincinnati claimed that in over a thousand cases

of cholera only 3% of the patients died. To substantiate their results they

even printed the names and addresses of patients who died or who survived

in a newspaper. (28) The death rate of patients with cholera who used

conventional medicines generally ranged from 40 to 70%.

The success of treating yellow fever with homeopathy was so impressive that

a report from the United States Government's Board of Experts included

several homeopathic medicines, despite the fact that the Board of Experts

was primarily composed of conventional physicians who despised homeopathy.

(29)

The success of homeopathy in treating modern-day infections is comparable

to its successes in treating the infectious diseases of the last century.

It is common knowledge that homeopathic practitioners rarely resort to

using antibiotics or other drugs commonly given for infectious conditions.

Homeopaths, like any good medical professional, will use antibiotics when

clearly necessary, but it is worthwhile having alternatives that work.

Homeopath Randall Neustaedter of Palo Alto, California, notes that acute

ear infection is " a simple problem to manage with acute (homeopathic)

remedies. " (30) Common acute ear infection medicines are Belladonna (deadly

nightshade), Chamomilla (chamomille), Pulsatilla (windflower), Ferrum phos

(phosphate of iron), and Hepar sulph (Hahnemann's calcium sulphide).

If the child gets treated with antibiotics and then has recurrent ear

infections, homeopathic treatment generally takes more time but is often

curative. Such recurrent problems, Neustaedter asserts, require the

homeopathic " constitutional approach, " the approach where a homeopathic

medicine is prescribed based on the totality of present symptoms as well as

on an evaluation of the patient's past history. While it is common for

parents to prescribe successfully for acute ear infections, it is

recommended that children receive professional care for recurrent ear

infections or for any chronic condition.

Homeopaths have also found great success in treating a wide variety of

other bacterial infections. Throat infections are commonly treated with

Belladonna (deadly nightshade), Arsenicum (arsenic), Rhus tox (poison ivy),

Mercurius (mercury), Hepar sulph, Lachesis (venom of the bushmaster), Apis

(bee venom), or Phytolacca (pokeroot). Boils which result from bacterial

infection are often successfully treated with Belladonna, Hepar sulph,

Silica (silica), Arsenicum, or Lachesis. And styes, which usually result

from a Staphylococcus infection, are effectively treated with Pulsatilla

(windflower), Hepar sulph (Hahnemann's calcium sulphide), Apis (bee venom),

Graphities (graphite), and Staphysagria (stavesacre).

Homeopathic Treatment of Viral Conditions

Conventional drugs at least relieve the symptoms of bacterial infection;

however, there is little in conventional medicine has to treat most viral

conditions. Since homeopathic medicines stimulate the body's own defenses

rather than directly attack specific pathogens, homeopathy again has much

to offer in the treatment of viral diseases.

In recent research on viruses that attack chicken embryos, 8 of the 10

homeopathic medicines tested inhibited the growth of the viruses 50 to

100%. (31) This research is of particular significance because conventional

science knows only a very select number of drugs that have antiviral

action, and none of these drugs are as safe as the homeopathic medicines.

Homeopaths commonly treat people suffering from acute and chronic viral

conditions. People with viral respiratory and digestive conditions, viral

infection of the nervous system, herpes, and even a few with AIDS have

reported significant improvement using homeopathic medicines. Sometimes

this improvement is dramatic and immediate, though most of the time there

is a slow, progressive improvement in the person's overall health. British

physician Savage notes, " While the search goes on to find specific

antiviral preparations which are free from side effects, homeopathy can be

used effectively to treat patients in four ways:

1) Prophylaxis to generate resistance to the infection;

2) Treatment in the acute illness to reduce the length and severity of the

illness;

3) Restoration to revitalize the patient during convalescence; and

4) Corrrection of the chronic sequelae to restore the patient to his former

state of health. " (32)

PROPHYLAXIS

Homeopaths have found that their medicines can prevent and treat various

infections. There is not much research demonstrating the efficacy of the

homeopathic medicines in preventing viral conditions, though there is some

evidence that the medicines can be used to prevent other infectious

diseases. Homeopathic microdoses can be used as immunizations; for

instance, a single dose of Meningococcin 10c (a homeopathic preparation of

Neisseria meningitidis), 18,000 people in Brazil were immunized in 1974.

The immunized group had significantly less meningitis infections than a

control group. (33)

In the 1800s homeopaths commonly used medicines to prevent or cure what

later came to be understood as bacterial or viral infections. Aconite and

Ferrum phos were frequently given at the early onset of fever and aches as

a way to prevent influenza. Belladonna was the most common medicine for

preventing or treating scarlet fever, and Camphora (camphor) was the major

medicine used to prevent or treat cholera. The dramatic success of the

medicines in the prevention and treatment of these dread diseases gained

homeopathy a large following.

Homeopaths commonly find that successful treatment of acute or chronic

disease with homeopathic medicines often leads to stronger and healthier

people who do not get severely or recurrently ill. During the late 1800s

many life insurance companies offered lower rates to people who went to

homeopathic physicians because actuarial statistics showed that homeopathic

patients were healthier and lived longer. (34) There is also a record that

these life insurance companies paid out larger sums of money to homeopathic

patients since they lived longer than those under conventional medical

care. (35)

TREATMENT OF ACUTE ILLNESS

One of the additional advantages of using homeopathy in treating viral

conditions is that homeopathic medicines can be prescribed even before a

definitive diagnosis has been made. This is because homeopaths prescribe

based on the totality of symptoms, and laboratory work is not always

necessary to find the correct medicine. Since some viral conditions are

difficult to diagnose even after laboratory tests, one is often able to

cure people with homeopathy before a conventional medical diagnosis can be

made.

Antibiotics are only helpful in certain bacterial infections, and since

viral diseases are particularly common, conventional medicine offers little

help. In comparison, homeopaths often successfully treat acute viral

conditions such as the common cold, virus-induced coughs, influenza,

gastroenteritis (sometimes called the " stomach flu " ), and viral hepatitis.

Homeopaths use Allium cepa (onion), Euphrasia (eyebright), Natrum mur

(salt), or other individually chosen medicines for the common cold. Aconite

(monkshood), Belladonna, Bryonia (wild hops), Phosphorous (phosphorous), or

others are helpful in treating common viral respiratory infections.

Influenza is a condition which results from viral infection, and it is also

a condition that is easily treated with homeopathy. Although

individualization of homeopathic medicines is generally a necessity in

order to them to work, there are conditions in which certain medicines are

particularly effective. Oscillococcinum (pronounced o-cill-o-cock-i-num) is

a medicine that homeopaths have found particularly effective in treating

the flu. Its manufacturer, Boiron Laboratories of Lyon, France, have found

that it is 80-90% effective in treating the flu when taken within 48 hours

of onset of symptoms. Its success is so widely known in France that it is

the most widely used treatment for the flu in that country.

Interestingly enough, Oscillococcinum is a microdose of the heart and liver

of a duck. One might easily wonder how such a substance might ever be

beneficial for the flu, but there actually is some sound logic to it.

Perhaps you too heard about the research at the Mayo Clinic that showed

that chicken soup has some antiviral action. Since chicken soup is

basically a broth of the organs of chickens, perhaps Oscillococcinum is

effective because it is " duck soup. "

Ben Hole, M.D., a practicing homeopath in Spokane, Washington, reports,

" Oscillococcinum is impressively successful, but if in the rare situations

where it doesn't work or isn't available, there are several other

homeopathic medicines which can be used with excellent results when they

are individually prescribed. " Otherher commonly used homeopathic medicines

for the flu include Gelsemium (yellow jasmine), Bryonia, Rhus tox, and

Eupatorium perfoliatum (boneset).

RESTORATION FROM RECURRENT OR LONGLASTING VIRAL INFECTION

Although conventional medicine offers very little relief for recurrent or

longlasting viral infections, homeopaths have observed that microdoses

relieve the symptoms of various chronic viral conditions such as herpes

simplex, herpes genitales, chronic Epstein-Barr virus, and warts. One

cannot claim that homeopathic medicines actually " cure " these viral

conditions since the virus is assumed to remain in the body throughout

one's life, though homeopaths find that their patients get significantly

less severe bouts of infection or do not get any symptoms for long periods

of time.

The homeopathic approach to treating all these disorders includes a

thorough analysis of the person's totality of symptoms. There is thus no

one medicine for a specific disease.

CORRECTION OF THE CHRONIC SEQUELAE

After a viral (or even bacterial) infection people sometimes feel they are

still not back to their same healthy self. Generally, an individually

chosen homeopathic medicine is prescribed. If the individualized medicine

is not working, homeopaths will occasionally give a potentized dose of the

specific virus which previously infected the person as a way to strengthen

their ability to regain health. Varicellinum (the chickenpox virus) is

commonly given in a safe microdose for symptoms that linger after the

chickenpox, and Parotidinum (the mumps virus) is often given for symptoms

that linger after the mumps.

For the post-herpetic neuralgias, the common medicines are Hypericum (St.

's Wort), Kalmia (mountain laurel), Magnesia phosphoria (phosphate of

magnesia), Causticum (Hahnemann's potassium hydrate), Mezereum (spurge

olive), or Arsenicum.

A state of weakness after a bout of influenza is often treated with China

(cinchona bark), Gelsemium, Sulphur (sulphur), Phosphoricum acidum

(phosphoric acid), Cadmium (cadmium), and Avena sativa (oat).

Respiratory infections occasionally linger creating chronic nasal

discharge, sinusitis, and ear infections. Some of the common medicines

given are Kali bichromium (bichromate of potash), Kali iodatum (potassium

iodide), Kali carbonicum (potassium carbonate), Kali muriaticum (Chloride

of potassium), Kali sulphuricum (potassium sulphate), Silica, Mercurius,

Pulsatilla, Alumina (aluminum), Nux vomica (poison nut), and Conium

(hemlock).

REFERENCES

1. Rene Dubos, Mirage of Health, San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1959, 93-94.

2. Marc Lappe', When Antibiotics Fail, Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1986, xii.

3. Crook, The Yeast Connection, New York: Vintage, 1986.

4. Lappe', xiii.

5. Lappe', xvii.

6. R. Cave, editor. " Those Overworked Miracle Drugs, " Newsweek, August 17,

1981, 63.

7. R.B. Sack, " Prophylactic Antibiotics? The Individual Versus the

Community, " New England Journal of Medicine, 300, 1979, 1107-1108.

8. Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine,

New York: Dover, 1957 (originally written in 1865), 160-163.

9. Jonas Salk, Mandala Holistic Health Conference, San Diego, September,

1976. Proceedings published in Journal of Holistic Health, 1976.

10. F.L. Buchem, " Therapy of Acute Otitis Media: Myringotomy, Antibiotics,

or Neither? A Double-Blind Study in Children, " Lancet, 883, October 24, 1981.

11. J. Thomsen, " Penicillin and Acute Ototis Media: Short and Long-term

Results, " ls of Otolology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. Supplement.

68:271, 1980.

12. E.M Mandel, et.al., " Effifacy of Amoxicillin with and without

Decongestant--Antihistamine for Otitis Media with Effusion in Children, "

New England Journal of Medicine, 316:8, February 19, 1987, 432-437.

13. Buchem.

14. Randall Neustaedter, " Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in

Homeopathic Practice, " Journal of the American Institute of Homeopathy,

79(3-4)87-99, 133-140, September- December, 1986.

15. M. Diamant, " Abuse and Timing of Use of Antibiotics inAcute Otitis

Media, " Archives of Otolaryngology, 100:226, 1974.

16. D. Kilby, " Grommets and Glue Ears: Two Year Results, " Journal of

Laryngology and Otology, 86:105, 1972. M.J.K.M. Brown, " Grommets and Glue

ear: A Fie-year Followup of a Controlled Trial, " Journal of Social

Medicine, 71:353, 1978. T. Lildholdt, " Ventilation Tubes in Secretory

Otitis Media, " Acta Otolaryngology. Supplement. 398:1, 1983.

17. Bisno, 1983. M. Land, " Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Vanishing Disease in

Suburbia, " JAMA, 249:895-898, 1983.

18. " Pediatricians Urge Confirmatory Test for Suspected Strep Throat, "

Medical World News, January 12, 1987, 42.

19. Alan L. Bisno, " Where Has All the Rheumatic Fever Gone? " Clinical

Pediatrics, December, 1983, 804-805.

20. A. Gastanaduy, " Failure of Penicillin to Eradicate Group A Streptococci

During an Outbreak of Pharyngitis, " Lancet, 8193:498- 502, 1980. E. Kaplan,

" The Role of the r in Treatment Failures After Antibiotic Therapy for

Group A Streptococci in the Upper Respiratory Tract, " Journal of Laboratory

and Clinical Medicine, 98:326-335, 1981.

21. Alan L. Bisno, The Concept of Rheumatogenic and Non-rheumatogenic Group

A Stregtococci, " in Red: Streptococcal Diseases and the Immune Response,

New York: Academic Press, 1980, 789-803. Alan L. Bisno, " Streptococcal

Infections that Fail to Cause Recurrences of Rheumatic Fever, " Journal of

Infectious Disease, 136:278-285, 1977.

22. A. Veasy, et.al., " Resurgence of Acute Rheumatic Fever in the

Intermountain Area of the United States, " New England Journal of Medicine,

316,8, February 19, 1987, 421-426.

23. Health Facts, 12, 96, May, 1987, 2.

24. Rene Dubos, Mirage of Health, New York: Harper and Row, 1959.

McKeown, The Role of Medicine, Princeton: Princeton University, 1979.

25. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1982, Life Tables, volume II,

section 6, Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 13.

26. Rene Dubos, Man Adapting, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965, 346.

27. L. Bradford, The Logic of Figures or Comparative Results of

Homoeopathic and Others Treatments, Philadelphia: Boericke and Tafel, 1900.

28. Ibid., 68.

29. L. Coulter, Divided Legacy: The Conflict Between Homoeopathy and

the American Medical Association, Berkeley: North Atlantic, 1973, 302.

30. Neustaedter, 87.

31. L.M. Singh and Girish Gupa, " Antiviral Efficacy of Homoeopathic Drugs

Against Animal Viruses, " British Homoeopathic Journal, 74(3):168-174, July,

1985.

32. Savage, " Homoeopathy: When No Effective Alternative, " British

Homoeopathic Journal, 73(2):75-83, April, 1984.

33. " Sesenta mil Brasilenos se Vuelcan en Farmacias Homeopaticas: Cunde la

Meningitis, " (front page headline), Excelsior, July 29, 1974.

34. Transactions of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1867,

57-59.

35. " Report of Life Insurance Committee, " Transactions of the American

Institute of Homoeopathy, 1897, 53-58; 1898, 81-90.

36. Victor Gong, Understanding AIDS: A Comprehensive Guide, New Brunswick,

NJ: Rutgers University, 1985, 77-89.

37. (editor), Newsweek, August 12, 1985, 22.

38. Physicians' Desk Reference, Oradell, N.J.: Medical Economics Co., 1985.

39. Hans H. Neumann, " Use of Steroid Creams as a Possible Cause of

Immunosuppression in Homosexuals, " New England Journal of Medicine, 306,15,

935, April 15, 1982.

40. Personal Communication. For additional information, see Mike Strange,

" Aid: What Homoeopathy Can Offer, " The Homoeopath: Journal of the Society

of Homoeopaths, 6,3, 1987, 117-124.

41. Singh and Gupa.42. R.G. Gibson, et.al., " Homoeopathic Therapy in

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evaluation by Double-Blind Clinical Therapeutic

Trial, " British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 1980,9, 453- 459.

HOW DO I LEARN MORE ABOUT HOMEOPATHY?

The best source of homeopathic books, tapes, home medicine kits, and

software is:

Homeopathic Educational Services

2124B Kittredge St.

Berkeley, CA. 94704.

(510)649-0294

(510)649-1955 (fax)

The Consumer's Guide to Homeopathy is available from Homeopathic

Educational Services or through your local bookseller (starting January,

1996).

Dana Ullman, M.P.H. is one of America's leading educators on homeopathic

medicine. He has authored Discovering Homeopathy, Homeopathic Medicine for

Children and Infants, The One-Minute (or so) Healer and co-authored

Everybody's Guide to Homeopathic Medicines. Dana is the formulator of the

Medicine From Nature line of homeopathic products. He is also the Director

of Homeopathic Educational Services, a leading resource of homeopathic

books, tapes, medicines, and software in Berkeley, California. In January,

1996, Dana's newest book, The Consumer's Guide to Homeopathy, will be

published.

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