Vaccination against bubonic and pneumonic plague

[Guest guest]

wondering about the cost of all this when it is NOT a problem, basically!

Sheri

http://www.elsevier.nl/gej-ng/10/42/35/40/46/36/abstract.html

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

----

Vaccine, Vol. 19 (30) (2001) pp. 4175 - 4184

=A9 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.=20

PII: S0264-410X(01)00163-3

Vaccination against bubonic and pneumonic plague

W. Titball * rtitball@... and E. Diane on

Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, CBD Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts

SP4 0JQ, UK=20

Received 13 November 2000; received in revised form 26 March 2001; accepted

23 April 2001

Abstract

Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague,

diseases which have caused over 200 milllion human deaths in the past.

Plague still occurs throughout the world today, though for reasons that are

not fully understood pandemics of disease do not develop from these

outbreaks. Antibiotic treatment of bubonic plague is usually effective, but

pneumonic plague is difficult to treat and even with antibiotic therapy

death often results. A killed whole cell plague vaccine has been used in

the past, but recent studies in animals have shown that this vaccine offers

poor protection against pneumonic disease. A live attenuated vaccine is

also available. Whilst this vaccine is effective, it retains some virulence

and in most countries it is not considered to be suitable for use in

humans. We review here work to develop improved sub-unit and live

attenuated vaccines against plague. A sub-unit vaccine based on the F1- and

V-antigens is highly effective against both bubonic and pneumonic plague,

when tested in animal models of disease. This vaccine has been used to

explore the utility of different intranasal and oral delivery systems,

based on the microencapsulation or Salmonella delivery of sub-units.

Keywords: Plague vaccine; Yersinia pestis; Microencapsulation; Salmonella

vaccine vector

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-1980-613301; fax: +44-1980-613741=20

[Full text] (PDF 144 Kb)=20

=A9 Copyright 2001, Elsevier Science, All rights reserved.

--------------------------------------------------------

Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA=09

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & UK

530-740-0561 Voicemail in US

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm

" All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men ( &

women) do nothing " ...Edmund Burke=20

ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE=

=20

DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE.

Well Within's Earth Mysteries & Sacred Site Tours

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin=09

International Tours, Homestudy Courses, ANTHRAX & OTHER Vaccine Dangers

Education, Homeopathic Education

CEU's for nurses, Books & Multi-Pure Water Filters

----------

---

Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.

Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).

Version: 6.0.273 / Virus Database: 143 - Release Date: 08/16/2001