Guest guest Posted May 11, 2003 Report Share Posted May 11, 2003 Love leslies videos. Easy, Simple, and works. NH Mommy to Abby Liz 10-25-94 Mommy to Anne 7-1-99 Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted May 23, 2003 Report Share Posted May 23, 2003 You never know. You may be lucky enough to never see pimples on your skin ever but then again maybe not. I know some people who never had acne when they were teens now get them as adults. Or maybe in the next yr or 2 you'll have a major breakout. In any case don't worry about it. It's part of life. HTH, Tabitha In a message dated 5/23/2003 9:48:15 AM Central Daylight Time, cool_jewel89@... writes: > Hi, I am 14 years old.. I do not wear make-up and my hair is usually > braided/in a ponytail/outta my face. i apply aloe vera daily, and my > face is actually quite clear. i have never had problems with > acne/pimples. will i continue with this luck with good skin or is the > worst yet to come??!! i rarely try facials during sleepovers with my > friends (home-made, of course [consisting of oatmeal, aloe, etc]!!) > which is a once-in-a-year thing.. opinions anyone??? > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 7, 2003 Report Share Posted July 7, 2003 Hi Katharine! Welcome! I think they know pretty much what the insurance companies will and will not accept. Perhaps your insurance is one of the " easy " ones! They'll let you know if they need more information, I believe. Or, you could call Ariana back and tell her you are concerned that the heart condition wasn't included. I wish you the best of luck! Hugs and blessings, Ann Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 7, 2003 Report Share Posted July 7, 2003 On Tue, 08 Jul 2003 03:54:12 -0000, Katharine wrote: >I called to make my consultation appt. today with Dr. K and group. I >have had this question on my mind all day and if I could have stopped >between patients I probably would have just called them back. Didn't >get the chance so I'm throwing it out to you all. Ariana (I believe >it was) took my personal information..my insurance etc over the >phone..asked me some questions about my weight, hieght, any bowel >issues/ bleeding problems etc. (basic medical history) and then told >me to fax my insurance information in. She said after I get approved >by my insurance company they would call me back to set up an appt. >Here's the question..if my BMI is less then 40 but over 35..and she >didn't ask about any OTHER comorbidities then on the list (I only had >one listed)..how in the world am I going to get my insurance to >approve my surgery? My BMI is 37 but I have a heart condition, among >other things, that I didn't get a chance to tell her about. Im a bit >worried I will be denied at my current BMI. >Katharine > Katharine, The basic NIH standard is BMI of 40 OR BMI of 35 and at least one comorbidity. If you have more than the one mentioned, you may want to include those on the cover sheet when you fax Arianna your insurance info, but I'd bet you can get the procedure approved right now with what you've posted here. Jerry Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 7, 2003 Report Share Posted July 7, 2003 Thanks for the response..you all are awesome. I don't know if having IBS (irritable bowel) is quit enough. I guess I should make time tomorrow to call. Ive started calling my doctors and getting my records collected to take down there with me. Im a mess so I have a " few " records to collect from a " few " doctors LOL. You know..there is some peace of mind just having made the decision to do this. Im amazingly excited and not nervous. Guess a year and a half was long enough for me to make the decision..or maybe it was my cardiologist a few weeks ago that scared me enough to make me get out of denial. Katharine > > >I called to make my consultation appt. today with Dr. K and group. I > >have had this question on my mind all day and if I could have stopped > >between patients I probably would have just called them back. Didn't > >get the chance so I'm throwing it out to you all. Ariana (I believe > >it was) took my personal information..my insurance etc over the > >phone..asked me some questions about my weight, hieght, any bowel > >issues/ bleeding problems etc. (basic medical history) and then told > >me to fax my insurance information in. She said after I get approved > >by my insurance company they would call me back to set up an appt. > >Here's the question..if my BMI is less then 40 but over 35..and she > >didn't ask about any OTHER comorbidities then on the list (I only had > >one listed)..how in the world am I going to get my insurance to > >approve my surgery? My BMI is 37 but I have a heart condition, among > >other things, that I didn't get a chance to tell her about. Im a bit > >worried I will be denied at my current BMI. > >Katharine > > > Katharine, > > The basic NIH standard is BMI of 40 OR BMI of 35 and at least one > comorbidity. If you have more than the one mentioned, you may want to > include those on the cover sheet when you fax Arianna your insurance info, > but I'd bet you can get the procedure approved right now with what you've > posted here. > > Jerry > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 7, 2003 Report Share Posted July 7, 2003 Katharine First...Welcome to our world! To answer your question as best I can...At this time Ariana is only concerned with getting insurance approval for a consultation. First steps first. If she finds she needs more info for that approval she will be calling you. At the consultation they will be doing an exam and gathering information to submit to the insurance co. Also Dr. K will be deciding if you are a canidate for surgery and if any additional testing needs to be done before that can be determined. The rule of thumb for qualifying for surgery is...a bmi of 40 (or greater)... or... a bmi of 35(or greater)with co-morbids. You fit within those parameters. So the question then becomes...Just how picky is your insurance for approvals...IF...they approve the DS at all. I would suggest that you start taking notes NOW to take to your consultation. Write down any questions you have and Note anything that you think will help you get approval. If you don't have it wrote down I guarantee you will walk out of the consultation forgetting 1/2 of what you wanted to say or ask. One step at a time...we are here to hold your hand through the process, the fears and the joys. Jo Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 7, 2003 Report Share Posted July 7, 2003 Thanks Jo, That makes so much more sense. I know that my insurance covers the sugery and approves fast...or has for others. I know because I have several friends whom have had the surgery that have the same carrier. I guess what bothers me, and will until I meet with Dr. K, is whether HE will ok it. I hear all the time...NO WAY You are #235! I've had to get on a scale a few times to prove it. And yet I remember being under 140 in my adult hood so I know just HOW Much is excess LOL. I would like to thank the moderator that replied to me for making me feel comfortable and telling me there are other " lightweights " that have had surgery for the same reasons. Me a " lightweight " ..there's a laugh and a half! I love you all already! LOL I'm just happy Kat Ok bedtime..330 am comes early!! > One step at a time...we are here to hold your hand through the > process, the fears and the joys. > > Jo Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 8, 2003 Report Share Posted July 8, 2003 > I guess what bothers me, and will until I meet with Dr. K, is whether > HE will ok it. ====================== Your weight won't be a problem with Dr. K for approval. You qualify. However, there might be something else going on with you that he may feel will be contradicated for surgery. And just to forwarn you...Dr. K often plays devils advocate with patients and challenges them about having the surgery. If you really want the surgery, and are willing to take the surgical risk...then just stand your ground. When he sees you understand what your doing then he will be behind you all the way....lol....but asking you right up to the last min. if your sure you want to go through with it....Don't let this throw you for a loop. Jo Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 11, 2003 Report Share Posted July 11, 2003 Go do that emergency department thing. The idea that things will get better if I just wait it out is the biggest mistake we can make. So, the sooner the better. Good luck. Go, Scat, move, get going! from Willie Country Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 11, 2003 Report Share Posted July 11, 2003 TURK GO TO THE HOSPITAL!!!!!!!!!!!!! > Hello Everyone: > Here is a question. I had a weird episode tonight. I am rather embarrassed to say this but when I was over exerting myself my heartbeat went up to about 165 I think(first for the past two years. Highest before was about 100). For the past couple of weeks or so I feel something different. When I am walking(I don't dare run since the ICD), with every step it feels like my stomach is expanding or about to blow up to a point where it is painful. I am trying to see if anyone had something like this. I am trying to remember when I had CHF, the only difference is my ankles are not swelling, my tummy is though. I have ulcers as well so I am baffled and the new doc I am supposed to see is on vacation until July 25th. Should I be concerned? I am thinking about going to the hospitals outpatient's unit tomorrow. It has been about 3 months or so the last time I checked the blood and the ICD. What do you think. Thanks again for the millionth time. Love TURK Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 11, 2003 Report Share Posted July 11, 2003 Turk, I hope I’m writing this message while you are getting your symptoms checked out. Hope everything’s OK. Norm -----Original Message----- From: TURK [mailto:goturk1@...] Sent: Thursday, July 10, 2003 10:11 PM Subject: Question? Hello Everyone: Here is a question. I had a weird episode tonight. I am rather embarrassed to say this but when I was over exerting myself my heartbeat went up to about 165 I think(first for the past two years. Highest before was about 100). For the past couple of weeks or so I feel something different. When I am walking(I don't dare run since the ICD), with every step it feels like my stomach is expanding or about to blow up to a point where it is painful. I am trying to see if anyone had something like this. I am trying to remember when I had CHF, the only difference is my ankles are not swelling, my tummy is though. I have ulcers as well so I am baffled and the new doc I am supposed to see is on vacation until July 25th. Should I be concerned? I am thinking about going to the hospitals outpatient's unit tomorrow. It has been about 3 months or so the last time I checked the blood and the ICD. What do you think. Thanks again for the millionth time. Love TURK Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted September 5, 2003 Report Share Posted September 5, 2003 > This may sound weird but do you not worry about all the chemicals that are being used in the fat free/suger free products? > AB I do agree with you that there are too many chemicals in all this stuff, but I worry more about all the chemicals/fat etc. that I used to put into my body by scarfing down Big Mac's, chocolate, licorice and all those favourite things that I would eat without blinking an eye..for me I feel that these fat free/sugar free items, taken in moderation are going to help me achieve the body that I want. I do hope that I can learn to eat more natural whole foods, and limit all the fat free sugar free stuff (and yes, the Big Macs too) to occasional use. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 1, 2004 Report Share Posted October 1, 2004 Patty, IMHO, I don't see how it would hurt anything. We refrigerate KT and it doesn't hurt it so freezing shouldn't be a problem. I believe cultures are best unrefrigerated and not frozen, but I don't think it would be detrimental to the tea. As a matter of fact I'm thinking it would be a " cool " idea to make KT ice cubes, for really refreshing summertime KT drinks, at least they won't dilute the KT as they melt. Luv, Sprite " When you drink the water, remember the spring. " Â Chinese proverb Check out my Kombucha Information page, it has links to all kinds of KT info and more: <A HREF= " http://www.geocities.com/ladyfangs.geo/Page5.html " >Sprite's Kombucha Page</A> Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 2, 2004 Report Share Posted October 2, 2004 Patty, I use a plastic water bottle and fill it about a quarter of the way with KT and then freeze it. ( I leave the cap off.) Then in the morning when I am ready to leave for work, I fill the bottle to the top with KT that has been refrigerated. It stays nice and cold and is not diluted by ice by the time I get a break. My fellow workers wonder what I am drinking!!!! lol Sandy question? > > I am very new to this and I have the culture but not started on making it into tea just yet. I do home health and I am in my car all the time. So, I am wondering, can I freeze the tea? I usually freeze some water so I can take it with me and it thaws during the day and still is cold > TIA > Patty > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 2, 2004 Report Share Posted October 2, 2004 That is great. I live in Texas where it is very hot and I freeze water to take with me. Even by completely freezing it, it is well melted by days end. At the moment, it is staying frozen longer as we are only reaching 90 degrees. And remember how hot that car will be in comparison to the outside. I am going to purchase one of those coolers that you can plug in, that will also help. Thanks, when I have some tea, I wont be afraid to freeze it. Patty question? > > I am very new to this and I have the culture but not started on making it into tea just yet. I do home health and I am in my car all the time. So, I am wondering, can I freeze the tea? I usually freeze some water so I can take it with me and it thaws during the day and still is cold > TIA > Patty > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted October 2, 2004 Report Share Posted October 2, 2004 , I do that all the time!!!! LOL. It is great and a good way to drink water. Marina question? > > I am very new to this and I have the culture but not started on making it into tea just yet. I do home health and I am in my car all the time. So, I am wondering, can I freeze the tea? I usually freeze some water so I can take it with me and it thaws during the day and still is cold > TIA > Patty > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 17, 2005 Report Share Posted November 17, 2005 Can Acupuncture have side or after effects, and how long would they last, if this were the case? thanks, if anyone knows Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 17, 2005 Report Share Posted November 17, 2005 In a message dated 11/17/05 12:44:52 PM Eastern Standard Time, Carolean06@... writes: > Can Acupuncture have side or after effects, and how long would they last, > if > this were the case? thanks, if anyone knows > I have had acupuncture on and off for years and the 'after effects' have always been positive. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 17, 2005 Report Share Posted November 17, 2005 , DId you ever feel a tender spot for a while, or have fatigue? thanks, Carole Anne Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted November 17, 2005 Report Share Posted November 17, 2005 In a message dated 11/17/05 11:11:11 PM Eastern Standard Time, Carolean06@... writes: > DId you ever feel a tender spot for a while, or have fatigue? thanks, > Carole Anne > Hi Carole Anne, I don't quite understand your question? Tender spot where? My entire body is a tender spot as I have fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis and I am often fatigued. Why do you ask? Best, Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted December 20, 2005 Report Share Posted December 20, 2005 One of those stupid symptoms of Hep C. So gain a large amount of weight, some lose alot of weight. I was one of those that gain a bunch of weight. Don't worry about it unless you get dangerously thin, then consult with your doctor about maybe a medication to increase the appetite. Or Johanna put a recipe for a protein shake in here that sounded great. Smoothies are a good way to replace or have with meals. And delish!! Love Janetsteve brewer <brewmon2003@...> wrote: Why am losing so much weight? I'm eating good. I think I'm getting enough protein. I haven't done the tx yet. What gives? Steve I am a rock, I am island...and a rock feels no pain, and a island never cries...- Simon Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted December 20, 2005 Report Share Posted December 20, 2005 Your Question: Why am losing so much weight? I'm eating good. I think I'm getting enough protein. I haven't done the tx yet. What gives? Steve Possible answer: Your liver is responsible for a number of digestive properties , now with hepatitis c not all of these functions are going to work properly . And so digestion and absorption of nutrients will not work right ,hence you get the weight loss . Not everyone with hepatitis c losses weight , I think it all depends on the level of damage and the areas which are damaged Metabolism The liver is the organ that orchestrates the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and protein. It does this in conjunction with the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, and the endocrine (hormone) system. A healthy liver is critical to proper protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism. Protein Metabolism The liver produces all of the proteins except for the proteins synthesized by the immune system (called gammaglobulins or immunoglobulins). It does this by reassembling amino acids into protein. The main protein produced by the liver is called albumin. Normal albumin in the bloodstream is important for many physiologic functions. One of these functions involves the normal maintenance of fluid pressure in the arteries and veins. When the protein level falls below a certain point the fluid in these vessels can leak out and pool in the abdominal or thoracic cavities. This fluid is called ascites when it occurs in the abdominal cavity, pleural effusion when it occurs in the thoracic cavity. (a more detailed explanation of ascites will follow). Albumin also functions to "carry" other compounds through the bloodstream. These compounds include calcium, vitamins, hormones, fatty acids, many drugs, and bilirubin. A consistent finding with liver disease is a low protein level (hypoproteinemia). This low level usually occurs only when the liver has been severely diseased for a prolonged period of time, because of the great reserve capacity of the liver to produce more albumin. Carbohydrate Metabolism With the aid of the hormones insulin and glucagon, the liver maintains a normal blood glucose level (euglycemia). Abnormalities in blood glucose level can result from an insulinoma or diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). Glucose that is stored in hepatocytes is called glycogen. It is used as a reservoir during times when carbohydrate intake is low (fasting or starvation). The liver can also manufacture glucose from proteins or fats. In liver disease the body can have a difficult time regulating the blood glucose level, usually leading to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). This is one of the reasons why caloric intake is an important aspect of treatment. Lipid Metabolism The liver regulates fats (called fatty acids) in the bloodstream. It does this by converting excess amounts of carbohydrates and proteins into fatty acids. The liver also manufactures cholesterol from this fat. Cholesterol is necessary for many functions, particularly the sex hormones and steroids like cortisone. Excess fatty acid accumulation in the hepatocytes is called lipidosis. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted December 20, 2005 Report Share Posted December 20, 2005 Weight loss with no explanation is a prime symptom of diabetes. Especially LADA or Type 1. Contact your doctor. Your liver has a great deal to do with your body's metabolism. Sally Re: Question? Your Question: Why am losing so much weight? I'm eating good. I think I'm getting enough protein. I haven't done the tx yet. What gives? Steve Possible answer: Your liver is responsible for a number of digestive properties , now with hepatitis c not all of these functions are going to work properly . And so digestion and absorption of nutrients will not work right ,hence you get the weight loss . Not everyone with hepatitis c losses weight , I think it all depends on the level of damage and the areas which are damaged Metabolism The liver is the organ that orchestrates the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and protein. It does this in conjunction with the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, and the endocrine (hormone) system. A healthy liver is critical to proper protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism. Protein Metabolism The liver produces all of the proteins except for the proteins synthesized by the immune system (called gammaglobulins or immunoglobulins). It does this by reassembling amino acids into protein. The main protein produced by the liver is called albumin. Normal albumin in the bloodstream is important for many physiologic functions. One of these functions involves the normal maintenance of fluid pressure in the arteries and veins. When the protein level falls below a certain point the fluid in these vessels can leak out and pool in the abdominal or thoracic cavities. This fluid is called ascites when it occurs in the abdominal cavity, pleural effusion when it occurs in the thoracic cavity. (a more detailed explanation of ascites will follow). Albumin also functions to " carry " other compounds through the bloodstream. These compounds include calcium, vitamins, hormones, fatty acids, many drugs, and bilirubin. A consistent finding with liver disease is a low protein level (hypoproteinemia). This low level usually occurs only when the liver has been severely diseased for a prolonged period of time, because of the great reserve capacity of the liver to produce more albumin. Carbohydrate Metabolism With the aid of the hormones insulin and glucagon, the liver maintains a normal blood glucose level (euglycemia). Abnormalities in blood glucose level can result from an insulinoma or diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). Glucose that is stored in hepatocytes is called glycogen. It is used as a reservoir during times when carbohydrate intake is low (fasting or starvation). The liver can also manufacture glucose from proteins or fats. In liver disease the body can have a difficult time regulating the blood glucose level, usually leading to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). This is one of the reasons why caloric intake is an important aspect of treatment. Lipid Metabolism The liver regulates fats (called fatty acids) in the bloodstream. It does this by converting excess amounts of carbohydrates and proteins into fatty acids. The liver also manufactures cholesterol from this fat. Cholesterol is necessary for many functions, particularly the sex hormones and steroids like cortisone. Excess fatty acid accumulation in the hepatocytes is called lipidosis. It's a pleasure having you join in our conversations. We hope you have found the support you need with us. If you are using email for your posts, for easy access to our group, just click the link-- Hepatitis C/ Happy Posting Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted December 20, 2005 Report Share Posted December 20, 2005 Sigh, I eat ONE meal per day and Im gaining,, it really stinks!Sally Hines <shines@...> wrote: Weight loss with no explanation is a prime symptom of diabetes. EspeciallyLADA or Type 1. Contact your doctor. Your liver has a great deal to do withyour body's metabolism.Sally-----Original Message-----From: Hepatitis C [mailto:Hepatitis C ] On Behalf Of elizabethnv1Sent: Tuesday, December 20, 2005 7:45 PMHepatitis C Subject: Re: Question?Your Question: Why am losing so much weight? I'm eating good. I think I'm getting enoughprotein. I haven't done the tx yet. What gives?StevePossible answer:Your liver is responsible for a number of digestive properties , now withhepatitis c not all of these functions are going to work properly . And sodigestion and absorption of nutrients will not work right ,hence you get theweight loss . Not everyone with hepatitis c losses weight , I think it alldepends on the level of damage and the areas which are damaged MetabolismThe liver is the organ that orchestrates the metabolism of fats,carbohydrates, and protein. It does this in conjunction with the circulatorysystem, the lymphatic system, and the endocrine (hormone) system. A healthyliver is critical to proper protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.Protein MetabolismThe liver produces all of the proteins except for the proteins synthesizedby the immune system (called gammaglobulins or immunoglobulins). It doesthis by reassembling amino acids into protein. The main protein produced bythe liver is called albumin.Normal albumin in the bloodstream is important for many physiologicfunctions. One of these functions involves the normal maintenance of fluidpressure in the arteries and veins. When the protein level falls below acertain point the fluid in these vessels can leak out and pool in theabdominal or thoracic cavities. This fluid is called ascites when it occursin the abdominal cavity, pleural effusion when it occurs in the thoraciccavity. (a more detailed explanation of ascites will follow). Albumin alsofunctions to "carry" other compounds through the bloodstream. Thesecompounds include calcium, vitamins, hormones, fatty acids, many drugs, andbilirubin.A consistent finding with liver disease is a low protein level(hypoproteinemia). This low level usually occurs only when the liver hasbeen severely diseased for a prolonged period of time, because of the greatreserve capacity of the liver to produce more albumin. Carbohydrate MetabolismWith the aid of the hormones insulin and glucagon, the liver maintains anormal blood glucose level (euglycemia). Abnormalities in blood glucoselevel can result from an insulinoma or diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes).Glucose that is stored in hepatocytes is called glycogen. It is used as areservoir during times when carbohydrate intake is low (fasting orstarvation). The liver can also manufacture glucose from proteins or fats.In liver disease the body can have a difficult time regulating the bloodglucose level, usually leading to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). This isone of the reasons why caloric intake is an important aspect of treatment.Lipid MetabolismThe liver regulates fats (called fatty acids) in the bloodstream. It doesthis by converting excess amounts of carbohydrates and proteins into fattyacids. The liver also manufactures cholesterol from this fat. Cholesterol isnecessary for many functions, particularly the sex hormones and steroidslike cortisone. Excess fatty acid accumulation in the hepatocytes is calledlipidosis. It's a pleasure having you join in our conversations. We hope you have foundthe support you need with us. If you are using email for your posts, for easy access to our group, justclick the link-- Hepatitis C/Happy Posting Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted December 21, 2005 Report Share Posted December 21, 2005 Good answers ladies!! Thanks Love JanetSally Hines <shines@...> wrote: Weight loss with no explanation is a prime symptom of diabetes. EspeciallyLADA or Type 1. Contact your doctor. Your liver has a great deal to do withyour body's metabolism.Sally-----Original Message-----From: Hepatitis C [mailto:Hepatitis C ] On Behalf Of elizabethnv1Sent: Tuesday, December 20, 2005 7:45 PMHepatitis C Subject: Re: Question?Your Question: Why am losing so much weight? I'm eating good. I think I'm getting enoughprotein. I haven't done the tx yet. What gives?StevePossible answer:Your liver is responsible for a number of digestive properties , now withhepatitis c not all of these functions are going to work properly . And sodigestion and absorption of nutrients will not work right ,hence you get theweight loss . Not everyone with hepatitis c losses weight , I think it alldepends on the level of damage and the areas which are damaged MetabolismThe liver is the organ that orchestrates the metabolism of fats,carbohydrates, and protein. It does this in conjunction with the circulatorysystem, the lymphatic system, and the endocrine (hormone) system. A healthyliver is critical to proper protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.Protein MetabolismThe liver produces all of the proteins except for the proteins synthesizedby the immune system (called gammaglobulins or immunoglobulins). It doesthis by reassembling amino acids into protein. The main protein produced bythe liver is called albumin.Normal albumin in the bloodstream is important for many physiologicfunctions. One of these functions involves the normal maintenance of fluidpressure in the arteries and veins. When the protein level falls below acertain point the fluid in these vessels can leak out and pool in theabdominal or thoracic cavities. This fluid is called ascites when it occursin the abdominal cavity, pleural effusion when it occurs in the thoraciccavity. (a more detailed explanation of ascites will follow). Albumin alsofunctions to "carry" other compounds through the bloodstream. Thesecompounds include calcium, vitamins, hormones, fatty acids, many drugs, andbilirubin.A consistent finding with liver disease is a low protein level(hypoproteinemia). This low level usually occurs only when the liver hasbeen severely diseased for a prolonged period of time, because of the greatreserve capacity of the liver to produce more albumin. Carbohydrate MetabolismWith the aid of the hormones insulin and glucagon, the liver maintains anormal blood glucose level (euglycemia). Abnormalities in blood glucoselevel can result from an insulinoma or diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes).Glucose that is stored in hepatocytes is called glycogen. It is used as areservoir during times when carbohydrate intake is low (fasting orstarvation). The liver can also manufacture glucose from proteins or fats.In liver disease the body can have a difficult time regulating the bloodglucose level, usually leading to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose). This isone of the reasons why caloric intake is an important aspect of treatment.Lipid MetabolismThe liver regulates fats (called fatty acids) in the bloodstream. It doesthis by converting excess amounts of carbohydrates and proteins into fattyacids. The liver also manufactures cholesterol from this fat. Cholesterol isnecessary for many functions, particularly the sex hormones and steroidslike cortisone. Excess fatty acid accumulation in the hepatocytes is calledlipidosis. It's a pleasure having you join in our conversations. We hope you have foundthe support you need with us. If you are using email for your posts, for easy access to our group, justclick the link-- Hepatitis C/Happy Posting Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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