Vaccine Shields Kids From Some Ear Infections

[Guest guest]

In a message dated 2/8/01 8:32:44 AM Pacific Standard Time,

r_drackley@... writes:

<<

> Funny... my daughter is 3...she's not vaccinated and she's never had an

> ear

> infection.... HMMM! >>

Nimet will be 2 tomorrow,and never an ear infection.Not vaxed either,and

thankfully still bfing!

sara

[Guest guest]

Funny... my daughter is 3...she's not vaccinated and she's never had an ear

infection.... HMMM!

Margaret White

Sheri Nakken

<snakken@nccn i-v-yegroups,

vaccineinjuriesegroups,

.net> Vaccinations ,

avml@..., avnegroups,

Vaccineinfoegroups,

<immunizationsegroups>,

02/08/2001 hepbinjuredegroups

07:20 AM cc:

Please Subject: Vaccine

Shields Kids From Some Ear Infections

respond to

Vaccinations

Yeah, - you only get 2 ear infections instead of none!

At 11:56 AM 02/08/2001 +0000, you wrote:

>Another Finnish study. Seems to be a popular country

>for vaccine studies! And what a novel idea - giving

>Hep B vaccine as a control.

>

>

>

>http://dailynews./h/nm/20010207/hl/vaccine_ear_1.html

>

>Wednesday February 7 5:26 PM ET

>Vaccine Shields Kids From Some Ear Infections

>

>NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A new vaccine protects

>children from some, but not all, ear infections,

>according to results of a Finnish study. The

>researchers estimate that the vaccine could prevent

>1.2 million of the 20 million middle ear infections

>that occur in the US every year.

>

>Middle ear infections, also known as otitis media, are

>common in young children, with 60% developing one

>before their first birthday. Nearly one in five doctor

>visits by preschoolers are for acute otitis media.

>

>Otitis media can cause temporary hearing loss, while

>repeated ear infections can damage hearing

>permanently.

>

>The Food and Drug Administration (news - web sites)

>approved the vaccine used in the study, called Prevnar

>and made by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, last year.

>Prevnar contains seven strains of the bacterium

>Streptococcus pneumoniae, an organism responsible for

>between 28% and 55% of all cases of acute otitis

>media.

>

>In the February 8th issue of The New England Journal

>of Medicine (news - web sites), Dr. Juhani Eskola of

>the National Public Health Institute in Helsinki and

>colleagues reported on a trial of the vaccine, which

>included 1,662 babies. Children were given Prevnar, or

>a hepatitis B vaccine as a control, at two, four, six,

>and 12 months of age.

>

>During the follow-up period, which lasted until the

>children were two years old, there were 2,596 cases of

>otitis media.

>

>Children who received Prevnar had 57% fewer infections

>with the strains of bacteria included in the shot. The

>vaccine also reduced infection with related strains of

>bacteria by 51%. It cut infections with any type of

>pneumococcal bacteria by 33%.

>

>The researchers found that children given Prevnar were

>also less likely to develop infections requiring

>hospitalization. While there were four such cases in

>the Prevnar group, 13 children in the control group

>required hospitalization for infection.

>

>And while only one child who received Prevnar

>developed an invasive infection with pneumococcal

>bacteria, three children in the control group did.

>

>Otitis media can spread in rare cases to the inner

>ear, causing dizziness and balance problems. It can

>also infect the membranes surrounding the brain. This

>infection, called meningitis, can be fatal. The

>invasive infections seen in the study included

>meningitis and spread of bacteria to the bloodstream.

>

>A number of bacteria and viruses can cause ear

>infections, and the vaccine was unable to guard

>children from all of them. However, the shot reduced

>overall ear infections by 6%.

>

>The researchers conclude: ``On the basis of our data,

>we calculate that up to 1.2 million of the 20 million

>yearly episodes of acute otitis media in the United

>States could theoretically be prevented if the vaccine

>were widely used. Moreover, the vaccine also helps to

>prevent invasive infections and pneumonia due to S.

>pneumoniae.''

>

>SOURCE: The New England Journal of Medicine

>2001;344:403-409.

>

>

--------------------------------------------------------

Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & UK

530-478-1242 Voicemail

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm

" All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men ( &

women) do nothing " ...Edmund Burke

ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE

DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE.

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[Guest guest]

Gee, and we wouldn't want to suggest something as easy, natural, healthy,

cheap, and un-profitable as nursing! (The studies reported here are not

exhaustive.)

Note that a number of studies found day care center attendence to be of

primary importance, often more important than breastfeeding. However, a

possible confounding factor would be the amount of breastfeeding occurring

among day care center attendees. In other words, those who attend day care

may breastfeed less, thus the independent effect of breastfeeding might be

lost in studies which do not consider this. Some studies, however, did

consider whether exclusive breastfeeding was occurring and still found no

relationship As with most things, there is conflicting data.

TI: Do we need to treat otitis media?

AU: Chaudhary-S

SO: Indian-J-Pediatr. 1996 Jul-Aug; 63(4): 433-6

" Secretory otitis media does not need to be treated with antibiotics unless

the patient is in high risk group. Prophylactic use of antibiotics should be

actively discouraged. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination (2 years or

older) should be encouraged in children with recurrent episodes of acute

otitis media. Breast feeding should be encouraged.

AN: 20291932

TI: Pacifier use and otitis media in infants twelve months of age or

younger.

AU: -JM; Mourino-AP

SO: Pediatr-Dent. 1999 Jul-Aug; 21(4): 255-60

" A logistic regression analysis determined an association existed between

otitis media and pacifier use, bottle feeding, thumb sucking, and day care

utilization, P < or = 0.05. No association was discovered between otitis

media and breast feeding, parental smoking and parental education level.

CONCLUSION: The risk of developing otitis media in an infant is two times

greater if a pacifier is used and five times greater if bottle fed or

attending a day care facility. "

AN: 99365533

(I haven't seen this article, but hopefully it looked at breastfeeders who

attended a day care facility and what the risk factors were for that

combination.)

Health care costs of formula-feeding in the first year of life.

AU: Ball-TM; -AL

SO: Pediatrics. 1999 Apr; 103(4 Pt 2): 870-6

" Children were classified as never breastfed, partially breastfed, or

exclusively breastfed, based on their feeding status during the first 3

months of life. Frequency of office visits and hospitalizations for the

three illnesses was adjusted for maternal education and maternal smoking,

using analysis of variance. RESULTS: In the first year of life, after

adjusting for confounders, there were 2033 excess office visits, 212 excess

days of hospitalization, and 609 excess prescriptions for these three

illnesses(lower respiratory tract illnesses, otitis media, and

gastrointestinal illness) per 1000 never-breastfed infants compared with

1000 infants exclusively breastfed for at least 3 months. These additional

health care services cost the managed care health system between $331 and

$475 per never-breastfed infant during the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS:

In addition to having more illnesses, formula-fed infants cost the health

care system money. Health care plans will likely realize substantial

savings, as well as providing improved care, by supporting and promoting

exclusive breastfeeding. "

AN: 99205311

TI: Human milk glycoconjugates that inhibit pathogens.

AU: Newburg-DS

SO: Curr-Med-Chem. 1999 Feb; 6(2): 117-27

" Breast-fed infants have lower incidence of diarrhea, respiratory disease,

and otitis media....Thus, many complex carbohydrates of human milk may be

novel antipathogenic agents, and the milk glycoconjugates and

oligosaccharides may be a major source of protection for breastfeeding

infants. "

AN: 99128419

TI: Accumulation of factors influencing children's middle ear disease: risk

factor modelling on a large population cohort.

AU: -KE; Haggard-MP

SO: J-Epidemiol-Community-Health. 1998 Dec; 52(12): 786-93

(This study apparently found no statistically measurable effect of

breastfeeding) " Breast feeding effects were weak and did not generally

survive statistical control. CONCLUSIONS: A child having all three risk

factors (attends day care, a mother who smokes, and male sex) is 3.4 times

more likely to have problems with hearing than a child who has none, based

on cumulative risk. Further studies should focus on preventative risk

modification and well specified intervention. "

AN: 99324841

(But it found, as have other studies, that smoking is a contributing

factor.)

TI: Exclusive breastfeeding protects against bacterial colonization and day

care exposure to otitis media.

AU: Duffy-LC; Faden-H; Wasielewski-R; Wolf-J; Krystofik-D

SO: Pediatrics. 1997 Oct; 100(4): E7

JN: Pediatrics-

" RESULTS: Between 6 and 12 months of age, cumulative incidence of first OM

episodes increased from 25% to 51% in infants exclusively breastfed and from

54% to 76% in infants formula-fed from birth. Peak incidence of AOM and OME

episodes was inversely related to rates of breastfeeding beyond 3 months of

age. A twofold elevated risk of first episodes of AOM or OME was observed in

exclusively formula-fed infants compared with infants exclusively breast-fed

for 6 months. In the logistic regression analysis, formula-feeding was the

most significant predictor of AOM and OME episodes, although age at

colonization with middle-ear pathogens and day care (outside the home) were

significant competing risk factors. A hazard health model suggested

additionally that breastfeeding, even for short durations (3 months),

reduced onset of OM episodes in infancy. CONCLUSIONS: Modifiable factors in

the onset of AOM and OME episodes during the first 2 years of life include

early age at colonization (</=3 months of age), day care outside the home,

and not being breastfed. "

AN: 98374495

TI: [Acute otitis media in the first year of life and its relationship with

various risk factors]

AU: -Vera-C; Galve-Royo-F; Penascal-Pujol-E; Rubio-Sevillano-F;

Olmedillas-Alvaro-MJ

SO: An-Esp-Pediatr. 1997 Nov; 47(5): 473-7

(Another one which did not support the notion of a breastfeeding protective

effect) " CONCLUSIONS: In our report, the only risk factor strongly related

with OMA in suckling infants are the presence of older siblings and the male

sex. Breastfeeding did not have a protective effect in comparison to

commercial formula, although a prospective study might be of interest for

further addressing this issue. "

AN: 98247433

TI: Does breast feeding protect against non-gastric infections?

AU: Golding-J; Emmett-PM; -IS

SO: Early-Hum-Dev. 1997 Oct 29; 49 Suppl: S105-20

JN: Early-human-development

ISSN: 0378-3782

LA: ENGLISH

" There is convincing evidence that breast-feeding is protective against

gastro-enteritis and diarrhoea, but for other infections the situation is

less clear cut. There is evidence that breast-fed infants are at increased

risk of one infection (infant botulism). They are probably not significantly

protected from upper respiratory tract infections (other than otitis

media.), but they may be at a decreased risk of lower respiratory tract

infections, particularly those associated with respiratory syncytial virus.

There is strong evidence that Haemophilus influenzae B infection is more

likely in the bottle-fed infant, and consistent evidence of protection of

young children from chronic otitis media with prolonged breast-feeding. "

AN: 98029847

(I do not believe that infant botulism is a significant problem in the U.S.

Sheri?)

TI: The cost of not breastfeeding: a commentary.

AU: Riordan-JM

SO: J-Hum-Lact. 1997 Jun; 13(2): 93-7

" Breastfeeding, a valuable natural resource, promotes health, helps prevent

infant and childhood disease, and saves health care costs. Additional annual

national health care costs, incurred for treatment of four medical

conditions in infant who were not breastfed were estimated. Infant diarrhea

in nonbreastfed infants costs $291.3 million; respiratory syncytial virus,

$225 million; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, from $9.6 to $124.8

million; and otitis media, $660 million. Thus, these four medical diagnoses

alone create just over $1 billion of extra health care costs each year.

Breastfeeding may also enhance intellectual development of children

according to at least one medical research study. The potential societal

benefits of more intelligent children is incalculable even though it cannot

be directly measured in terms of dollars. Finally, it was calculated that an

additional $2,665,715 in federal funds is needed yearly in order for WIC to

provide infant formula to n!

onbreastfeeding mothers. For the average family, the cost of purchasing

formula is twice the cost of supplemental food for the breastfeeding mother.

Breastfeeding education and support should be an integral part of health

care, especially under managed care which rewards the prevention of health

problems and reduced use of health services. "

AN: 97377536

TI: Otitis media in 2253 Pittsburgh-area infants: prevalence and risk

factors during the first two years of life [see comments]

AU: Paradise-JL; Rockette-HE; Colborn-DK; Bernard-BS; -CG;

Kurs-Lasky-M; Janosky-JE

SO: Pediatrics. 1997 Mar; 99(3): 318-33

" Cumulative proportions of days with MEE varied directly with the number of

smokers in the household and with the number of other children to whom

infants were exposed, whether at home or in day care, and varied inversely

with birth weight, maternal age, level of maternal education, a

socioeconomic index, and duration of breastfeeding. After adjustment, using

multivariate analysis, the only variables that each remained independently

and significantly related to the cumulative proportion of days with MEE

were: during the first year of life, study site grouping, sex, the

socioeconomic index, breastfeeding for > or = 4 months, the number of

smokers in the household, and an index rating the degree of exposure to

other children at home or in day care; and during the second year of life,

sex, the socioeconomic index, and the child exposure index. The duration of

breastfeeding and the degree of exposure to tobacco smoke contributed little

to the explained variance; most was attributable to differences in the

socioeconomic index and the child exposure index. "

AN: 97193697

(This study apparently did not consider breast feeding or smoking to be the

most important factors related to otitis media. But they were still

considered significant.)

TI: A meta-analytic review of the risk factors for acute otitis media [see

comments]

AU: Uhari-M; Mantysaari-K; Niemela-M

SO: Clin-Infect-Dis. 1996 Jun; 22(6): 1079-83

" Breast-feeding for at least 3 months reduced the risk of AOM (RR, 0.87; 95%

CI, 0.79-0.95; P = .003). The use of a pacifier increased the risk of AOM

(RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46; P = .008). Child care outside the home and

parental smoking were the factors that most significantly increased the

occurrence of AOM. "

AN: 96377939

TI: Public health impact of various risk factors for acute otitis media in

northern Finland.

AU: Alho-OP; Laara-E; Oja-H

SO: Am-J-Epidemiol. 1996 Jun 1; 143(11): 1149-56

" The aim of this study was to assess the excess risk attributable to

alterable risk factors for acute otitis media in Finnish children, including

day care attendance, parental smoking, and a short duration of

breastfeeding..... Cessation of parental smoking and breastfeeding would

have smaller effects. The impacts were more modest in the whole population.

Nevertheless, approximately 14% of all of the otitis media episodes would

have been avoided if all of the children had been cared for at home. These

figures are hypothetical, since it is unlikely that use of day care outside

the home can be avoided altogether, but they offer further evidence of the

notable role of day care attendance as a risk factor for otitis media. "

AN: 96222764

TI: Differences in morbidity between breast-fed and formula-fed infants.

AU: Dewey-KG; Heinig-MJ; Nommsen-Rivers-LA

SO: J-Pediatr. 1995 May; 126(5 Pt 1): 696-702

" To determine whether breast-feeding is protective against infection in

relatively affluent populations, morbidity data were collected by weekly

monitoring during the first 2 years of life from matched cohorts of infants

who were either breast fed (BF) (N = 46) or formula fed (FF) (N = 41) until

at least 12 months of age.....These results indicate that the reduction in

morbidity associated with breast-feeding is of sufficient magnitude to be of

public health significance. "

AN: 95271397

TI: Otitis media. How are First Nations children affected?

AU: Thomson-M

SO: Can-Fam-Physician. 1994 Nov; 40: 1943-50

" Supporting breastfeeding in the community is strongly recommended. "

AN: 95143978

TI: Breast-feeding and acute otitis media.

AU: Sassen-ML; Brand-R; Grote-JJ

SO: Am-J-Otolaryngol. 1994 Sep-Oct; 15(5): 351-7

" The risk of acute otitis media (AOM) is estimated as a function of a number

of covariates, with special emphasis on changes to this risk after

breast-feeding is discontinued......The risk of AOM was significantly

decreased until 4 months after breast-feeding was discontinued; then,

without the protective effect of breast-feeding, and with increasing months,

the children approached the risk level estimated in the group of children

who were never breast-fed. Approximately 12 months after breast-feeding was

discontinued, the risk was virtually the same as if the child had never been

breast-fed. The risk of AOM was also significantly dependent on the infant's

number of siblings and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: The risk of AOM

depends on the number of months an infant is breast-fed and the number of

months that pass after breast-feeding is discontinued. "

AN: 95068686

TI: Infant nutrition, physical growth, breastfeeding, and general

nutrition.

AU: Oski-FA

SO: Curr-Opin-Pediatr. 1994 Jun; 6(3): 361-4

" Breastfeeding and its consequences continue to attract the attention of

investigators. Breastfeeding has again been shown to reduce the development

of otitis media during the 1st year of life. Although the development of

hyperbilirubinemia is increased with breastfeeding it has been shown to be

easily controllable without the discontinuation of breastfeeding. Although

it is apparent that infants that are breastfed for periods of more than 6

months weigh less than formula-fed counterparts it remains to be established

which growth pattern is optimal. "

AN: 94340003

TI: Preventing otitis media.

AU: Giebink-GS

SO: Ann-Otol-Rhinol-Laryngol-Suppl. 1994 May; 163: 20-3

" Epidemiologic associations suggest that primary prevention or reduction of

AOM frequency may be achieved with breast-feeding during infancy,

elimination of household tobacco smoking, and use of small rather than large

day-care arrangements for infants and toddlers. "

AN: 94234646

TI: A prospective cohort study on breast-feeding and otitis media in

Swedish infants.

AU: Aniansson-G; Alm-B; Andersson-B; Hakansson-A; Larsson-P; Nylen-O;

-H; Rigner-P; Svanborg-M; Sabharwal-H; et-al

SO: Pediatr-Infect-Dis-J. 1994 Mar; 13(3): 183-8

" This study analyzed the effect of breast-feeding on the frequency of acute

otitis media. The AOM (acute otities media) frequency was significantly

lower in the breast-fed than in the non-breast-fed children in each age

group (P < 0.05). The first AOM episode occurred significantly earlier in

children who were weaned before 6 months of age than in the remaining

groups. The frequency of nasopharyngeal cultures positive for Haemophilus

influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae was

significantly higher in children with AOM. At 4 to 7 and 8 to 12 months of

age, the AOM frequency was significantly higher in children with day-care

contact and siblings (P < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). The frequency of

upper respiratory tract infections was increased in children with AOM but

significantly reduced in the breast-fed group. "

AN: 94232697

TI: Human milk secretory IgA antibody to nontypeable Haemophilus

influenzae: possible protective effects against nasopharyngeal colonization.

AU: Harabuchi-Y; Faden-H; Yamanaka-N; Duffy-L; Wolf-J; Krystofik-D

SO: J-Pediatr. 1994 Feb; 124(2): 193-8

" These data suggest that the protective effects of human milk against otitis

media may be due in part to inhibition of nasopharyngeal colonization with

nontypeable H. influenzae by specific secretory IgA antibody. "

AN: 94132971

TI: The effect of duration of breast feeding on the occurrence of acute

otitis media in children under three years.

AU: Shaaban-KM; Hamadnalla-I

SO: East-Afr-Med-J. 1993 Oct; 70(10): 632-4

" The mean duration of breast feeding was significantly shorter in the study

group 8.6 months (sd = 7.9) as compared to the control group 13.7 months (sd

= 6.5); p < 0.001 (t = 5.9). Thus short duration of breast feeding is a risk

factor of acute otitis media in early childhood. "

AN: 94244497

TI: Breast-feeding protects against otitis media.

AU: Sheard-NF

SO: Nutr-Rev. 1993 Sep; 51(9): 275-7

" Although exclusive breast-feeding decreases infant mortality and morbidity

in developing countries, its protective effects in infants living in

industrialized nations have been more difficult to quantitate. A recent

study provides strong evidence that exclusive breast-feeding for at least

four months decreases the incidence of otitis media in the first year of

life. "

AN: 94067659

TI: Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and

group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in

the first two years of life.

AU: Owen-MJ; Baldwin-CD; Swank-PR; Pannu-AK; -DL; Howie-VM

SO: J-Pediatr. 1993 Nov; 123(5): 702-11

" The relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and

group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion

(OME) was evaluated in a cohort of 698 healthy infants prospectively

monitored by tympanometry in the home every 2 to 4 weeks until 2 years of

age...... For a decrease in the amount of time with OME during the first 2

years of life, prolonged breast-feeding and upright feeding position should

be encouraged, and cigarette smoke exposure should be minimized. Limiting

early child care in large groups might also be advisable. "

AN: 94046210

TI: Breast-feeding and child health in the United States.

AU: Ford-K; Labbok-M

SO: J-Biosoc-Sci. 1993 Apr; 25(2): 187-94

" The results suggest that breast-feeding provides some protection against

pneumonia and otitis media in the United States while early introduction of

formula may have a separate and negative effect. "

AN: 93239739

TI: Exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis

media [see comments]

AU: Duncan-B; Ey-J; Holberg-CJ; -AL; ez-FD; Taussig-LM

SO: Pediatrics. 1993 May; 91(5): 867-72

" Infants exclusively breast-fed for 4 or more months had half the mean

number of acute otitis media episodes as did those not breastfed at all and

40% less than those infants whose diets were supplemented with other foods

prior to 4 months. The recurrent otitis media rate in infants exclusively

breast-fed for 6 months or more was 10% and was 20.5% in those infants who

breast-fed for less than 4 months. This protection was independent of the

risk factors considered. CONCLUSION. These findings suggest that exclusive

breast-feeding of 4 or more months protected infants from single and

recurrent episodes of otitis media. "

AN: 93234162

TI: Therapy of otitis media.

AU: Lisby-Sutch-SM; Nemec-Dwyer-MA; Deeter-RG; Gaur-SM

SO: Clin-Pharm. 1990 Jan; 9(1): 15-34

" Epidemiologic studies have identified season of the year, bottle versus

breast feeding, socioeconomic status, race, sex, and daycare attendance as

factors associated with the occurrence of otitis media. "

TI: Risk factors for recurrent acute otitis media and respiratory infection

in infancy.

AU: Alho-OP; Koivu-M; Sorri-M; Rantakallio-P

SO: Int-J-Pediatr-Otorhinolaryngol. 1990 Jun; 19(2): 151-61

" Short duration of breastfeeding involved another significant risk of

recurrent respiratory infections and otitis media, the OR for AOME being 1.5

(1.1-2.0) and that for recurrent respiratory infection 1.3 (1.1-1.6). "

AN: 90324014

TI: Recurrent acute otitis media. A prospective study of children during

the first three years of life.

AU: Harsten-G; Prellner-K; Heldrup-J; Kalm-O; Kornfalt-R

SO: Acta-Otolaryngol. 1989 Jan-Feb; 107(1-2): 111-9

The development of rAOM was unrelated to such factors as sex, familial hist!

ory of allergy, duration of breast-feeding, or domestic environment. Nor

could attendance at day-care centres be concluded as constituting a risk

factor for the development of rAOM. An onset of AOM before 6 months of age

was highly predictive of subsequent recurrent bouts of AOM, which emphasizes

the importance of correct diagnosis in infants. "

AN: 89189755

(This study did not find a relationship between recurrent bouts of acute

otitis media and breastfeeding duration.)

TI: Ear infection and infant feeding practices.

AU: Narayanan-I; Singh-S; Mathur-R; Jain-BK

SO: Indian-J-Pediatr. 1989 May-Jun; 56(3): 399-402

" Among the 105 breastfed infants, in 93 (88.6%), the infants' heads were

often flat during feeding. In contrast, in the 86 infants on 'top' feeds 53

(61.6%) of the mothers said that they kept the infants' head raised during

feeding. The difference was significant (x2 = 53.18, P less than 0.001).

Mothers should avoid feeding infants with the latter's head flat, although

the former may adopt any comfortable position. "

AN: 90035220

(Position of infants head while breastfeeding might explain those cases

where breastfeeding does not appear to be as protective.)

TI: Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in

children in greater Boston: a prospective, cohort study [see comments]

AU: Teele-DW; Klein-JO; Rosner-B

SO: J-Infect-Dis. 1989 Jul; 160(1): 83-94

" To determine the epidemiology of acute otitis media (AOM) and duration of

middle ear effusion (MEE), we followed consecutively enrolled children from

shortly after birth until 7 y of age.....Significantly increased risk (by

multivariate analysis) for AOM was associated with male gender, sibling

history of recurrent AOM, early occurrence of AOM, and not being breast fed.

MEE persisted after onset of AOM for weeks to months; prolonged duration of

MEE was associated with male gender, sibling history of ear infection, and

not being breast fed. "

AN: 89278786

TI: The Bayesian approach to the evaluation of risk factors in acute and

recurrent acute otitis media.

AU: Sipila-M; Karma-P; Pukander-J; Timonen-M; Kataja-M

SO: Acta-Otolaryngol. 1988 Jul-Aug; 106(1-2): 94-101

" A multivariant modelling method was used to analyse the risk, associated

with 22 different factors, of contracting acute otitis media (AOM) in a

prospective cohort of 1294 urban children followed up to the age of 17-32

(mean 25) months. By far the most important risk factor was the caring of

the child at a day-care centre. The importance of this factor further

increased with increasing recurrence of the attacks. Next in order came the

existence of sibling(s) with AOM attacks during the follow-up. Prolongation

of breastfeeding increased the protection against AOM during the first year

of life. The frequency of AOM attacks was lowest around midsummer and

highest in early winter. "

AN: 88338162

TI: Risk factors for infantile recurrent otitis media: atopy but not type

of feeding.

AU: Tainio-VM; Savilahti-E; Salmenpera-L; Arjomaa-P; Siimes-MA;

Perheentupa-J

SO: Pediatr-Res. 1988 May; 23(5): 509-12

" Exclusive breast-feeding did not prevent OM and early weaning was not a

risk factor for ROM. "

AN: 88262381

(Another study which found no relationship between breastfeeding and otitis

media.)

There are another 52 of these to go through and I'll do it when I can.

Sandy from Alaska

ALL INFORMATION, DATA, AND MATERIAL CONTAINED, PRESENTED, OR PROVIDED

HERE IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED

AS REFLECTING THE KNOWLEDGE OR OPINIONS OF THE PUBLISHER, AND IS NOT TO

BE CONSTRUED OR INTENDED AS PROVIDING MEDICAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE DECISION

WHETHER OR NOT TO VACCINATE IS AN IMPORTANT AND COMPLEX ISSUE

AND SHOULD BE MADE BY YOU, AND YOU ALONE, IN CONSULTATION WITH YOUR

HEALTH CARE PROVIDER.

Yeah, - you only get 2 ear infections instead of none!

At 11:56 AM 02/08/2001 +0000, you wrote:

>Another Finnish study. Seems to be a popular country

>for vaccine studies! And what a novel idea - giving

>Hep B vaccine as a control.

>

>

>

>http://dailynews./h/nm/20010207/hl/vaccine_ear_1.html

>

>Wednesday February 7 5:26 PM ET

>Vaccine Shields Kids From Some Ear Infections

>

>NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A new vaccine protects

>children from some, but not all, ear infections,

>according to results of a Finnish study. The

>researchers estimate that the vaccine could prevent

>1.2 million of the 20 million middle ear infections

>that occur in the US every year.

>

>Middle ear infections, also known as otitis media, are

>common in young children, with 60% developing one

>before their first birthday. Nearly one in five doctor

>visits by preschoolers are for acute otitis media.

>

>Otitis media can cause temporary hearing loss, while

>repeated ear infections can damage hearing

>permanently.

>

>The Food and Drug Administration (news - web sites)

>approved the vaccine used in the study, called Prevnar

>and made by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, last year.

>Prevnar contains seven strains of the bacterium

>Streptococcus pneumoniae, an organism responsible for

>between 28% and 55% of all cases of acute otitis

>media.

>

>In the February 8th issue of The New England Journal

>of Medicine (news - web sites), Dr. Juhani Eskola of

>the National Public Health Institute in Helsinki and

>colleagues reported on a trial of the vaccine, which

>included 1,662 babies. Children were given Prevnar, or

>a hepatitis B vaccine as a control, at two, four, six,

>and 12 months of age.

>

>During the follow-up period, which lasted until the

>children were two years old, there were 2,596 cases of

>otitis media.

>

>Children who received Prevnar had 57% fewer infections

>with the strains of bacteria included in the shot. The

>vaccine also reduced infection with related strains of

>bacteria by 51%. It cut infections with any type of

>pneumococcal bacteria by 33%.

>

>The researchers found that children given Prevnar were

>also less likely to develop infections requiring

>hospitalization. While there were four such cases in

>the Prevnar group, 13 children in the control group

>required hospitalization for infection.

>

>And while only one child who received Prevnar

>developed an invasive infection with pneumococcal

>bacteria, three children in the control group did.

>

>Otitis media can spread in rare cases to the inner

>ear, causing dizziness and balance problems. It can

>also infect the membranes surrounding the brain. This

>infection, called meningitis, can be fatal. The

>invasive infections seen in the study included

>meningitis and spread of bacteria to the bloodstream.

>

>A number of bacteria and viruses can cause ear

>infections, and the vaccine was unable to guard

>children from all of them. However, the shot reduced

>overall ear infections by 6%.

>

>The researchers conclude: ``On the basis of our data,

>we calculate that up to 1.2 million of the 20 million

>yearly episodes of acute otitis media in the United

>States could theoretically be prevented if the vaccine

>were widely used. Moreover, the vaccine also helps to

>prevent invasive infections and pneumonia due to S.

>pneumoniae.''

>

>SOURCE: The New England Journal of Medicine

>2001;344:403-409.

>

>

--------------------------------------------------------

Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & UK

530-478-1242 Voicemail

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm

" All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men ( &

women) do nothing " ...Edmund Burke

ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE

DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE.

Well Within's Earth Mysteries & Sacred Site Tours

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin

International Tours, Homestudy Courses, ANTHRAX & OTHER Vaccine Dangers

Education, Homeopathic Education

CEU's for nurses, Books & Multi-Pure Water Filters

[Guest guest]

At 01:32 PM 02/08/2001 -0500, you wrote:

>well, i had 37 ear infections BEFORE i turned 4 years old. i had all my

>vaxxes, not pointing fingers mind you! i think that is excessive, even to

>blame on them lol i do honestly think for whatever reason i am pre-disposed

>to them and pneumonia (which i had the first 8 months of my pregnancy), as i

>still get at least one a year (and my doc is trying to get me to get vaxxed

>for them!). but dor isn't vaxxed (he got the first hep b in the hospital

>tho, against my wishes) and hasn't been sick yet (he's 4.5 months) so maybe

>we will get lucky.

>

>ok, i am done rambling now

>

>azx

>ft lauderdale, fl

>

>

I would suggest that all of us get what we are predisposed to if we are

vaccinated to the hilt.

I know you are tired of heairng this, but homeopathic treatment could end

this cycle for you.

Sheri

>

>

>

--------------------------------------------------------

Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA

Vaccination Information & Choice Network, Nevada City CA & UK

530-478-1242 Voicemail

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm

" All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men ( &

women) do nothing " ...Edmund Burke

ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE

DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE.

Well Within's Earth Mysteries & Sacred Site Tours

http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin

International Tours, Homestudy Courses, ANTHRAX & OTHER Vaccine Dangers

Education, Homeopathic Education

CEU's for nurses, Books & Multi-Pure Water Filters

[Guest guest]

i get them anyway. i just treat them with oil when i feel them coming on and

it keep them to a dull roar or at least keeps tem from getting worse.

a

azx

-----Original Message-----

From: Sheri Nakken [mailto:snakken@...]

I would suggest that all of us get what we are predisposed to if we are

vaccinated to the hilt.

I know you are tired of heairng this, but homeopathic treatment could end

this cycle for you.

Sheri