PETA Initiating Anti-Milk Campaign Targeted at Kids 12/24/00

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Here is a chart that compares human, cow and goat milk, and formula.

-Dawn

Comparing Milk: Human, Cow, Goat & Commercial Infant Formula

Milk and honey are the only two substances on Earth with the sole purpose of being a food!

Compiled and referenced by , Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University. The following is presented as information only. It is not intended to endorse or discourage the feeding of any product, milk, or formula to infants. No claims are made as to the accuracy of the information presented.

Vitamin comparisons Minerals comparisons Infant recommended daily intake for vitamins Infant recommended daily intake for minerals

Comparing Milk: Human, Cow, Goat & Commercial Infant Formula Nutritive comparisons of milks based on the needs of 0-6 month old infants. *

VITAMIN

HUMAN

COW

GOAT

FORMULA**

DEFICIENCIES

A

64

53

56

65 ug/100g

All ok

D

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.06 ug/100g

All Lo, except F

C

5.0

1.0

1.3

6.1 mg/100g

C+G very low

E

0.3

0.7

0.7

0.3 ug/100g

H borderline, others OK

B1 (thiamin)

140

400

480

68 ug/100g

H borderline, others OK

B2 (riboflavin)

36

162

138

101 ug/100g

H borderline, others OK

Pantothenic acid

200

300

300

304 ug/100g

H borderline, others OK

Biotin

0.8

2.0

2.0

3.0 ug/100g

all OK

Nicotinic acid (niacin)

200

100

200

710 ug/100g

F OK, all other LO, particularly C

Folic Acid

5.2

5.0

1.0

10 ug/100g

F OK, others LO, particularly G

Vitamin B12

0.3

0.4

0.1

0.2 ug/100g

All LO, particularly G

Vitamin B6

11

42

46

41 ug/100g

H borderline, others OK

Vitamin K

-

-

-

-

- ** ug/100g = microgram/100g milk

Comparing Milk: Human, Cow, Goat & Commercial Infant Formula

MINERAL

HUMAN

COW

GOAT

FORMULA**

DEFICIENCIES

Calcium

35

120

130

49 mg/100g

All OK

Chloride

43

95

130

43 mg/100g

All OK

Copper

39

20

50

61 ug/100g

All LO, F OK

Magnesium

3

13

14

41 mg/100g

H borderline, others OK

Phosphorus

15

95

110

38 mg/100g

C+G HI

Potassium

51

152

204

71 mg/100g

C+G HI

Sodium

17

49

50

18 mg/100g

All OK

Zinc

-

-

-

-

All LO

Iron

-

-

-

-

-

Iodine

-

-

-

-

-

Manganese

-

-

-

-

-

Fluoride

-

-

-

-

- ** ug/100g = microgram/100g milk

-

HUMAN

COW

GOAT

FORMULA

DEFICIENCY

Chromium

-

-

-

-

-

Selenium

-

-

-

-

-

Molybdenum

-

-

-

-

-

-

HUMAN

COW

GOAT

FORMULA

DEFICIENCY

Protein

1.3

3.25

3.5

2.5

C+G HI

Carbohydrate

7

4.5

4.2

6.5

C+G LO

* To compare the milks on a per day basis, /100g values were multiplied by 8 (the average 0-6 month old infant consumes 800 grams of milk/day.

It is important to note that the bioavailability of each vitamin or mineral may differ. The above numbers do not indicate bioavailability, but research has shown that the iron and B12 in breast milk are significantly more bioavailable than in formula or cow milk (this has not been studied for goat milk).

Infant recommended daily intake for vitamins

Vitamin A

0.4 mg (400 ug, 1500-2000 IU)

Vitamin D

0.01 mg (10 ug, 400 IU)

Vitamin C

35 mg (35000 ug)

Vitamin E

4 mg (4000 ug)

Vitamin B1 (thiamin)

0.3 mg (300 ug)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

0.5 mg (500 ug)

Pantothenic acid

2500 ug

Biotin

40 ug

Niacin

6 mg (6000 ug)

Folic Acid

0.04 mg (40 ug)

Vitamin B12

0.0006 mg (0.6 ug)

Vitamin B6

0.4 mg (400 ug)

Vitamin K

12 ug

Infant recommended daily intake for minerals

Calcium

360 mg

Chloride

275-700 mg

Copper

0.5-0.7 mg

Magnesium

50 mg

Phosphorus

240 mg

Potassium

350-925 mg

Sodium

115-350 mg

Zinc

3 mg

Iron

10 mg

Iodine

40 ug

Manganese

0.5-0.7 mg

Fluoride

0.1-0.5 mg

Chromium

0.01-0.04 mg

Selenium

0.01-0.04 mg

Molybdenum

0.03-0.06 mg

These requirements generally increase after the first 6 months of life. Infants consume about 750-800 g/day for the first 4-5 months (450-1200g/day range). Note that most of the minerals in goat and cow milk are significantly higher than in human milk. This, coupled with the higher protein of cow and goat milks (more than 3% compared to about 1.3%), make dilution necessary so as to avoid hypertonic dehydration (a result of high solutes in urine). But, after dilution, carbohydrate should be added to cow or goat milk because human milk contains 7.0 g/100g lactose compared to about 4.5 g/100g lactose found in cow and goat milks.

A huge thank you to for seeing that we had the most up to date and accurate information, proof reading, and allowing us to present it.

, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Assistant Food Scientist Dept. of Food Services and Human Nutrition Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6376 Email: stephclark@... http://av.fshn.wsu.edu/faculty/clark/index.html

Selected Publications by Dr.

and J.W. Sherbon. (in press) Associations Between Composition, Breed, Season, and Coagulation Properties of Goat Milk. Small Ruminant Research . Abstract and J.W. Sherbon. (in press) Genetic Variants of Alpha s1-casein in Goat Milk: Associations with Milk Composition and Coagulation Properties. Small Ruminant Research. Abstract . Genetic Variants of Alpha s1-casein in Goat Milk: Breed Distribution and Associations Between Milk Composition and Coagulation Properties. (August, 1997) Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. . Safety and Health Issues Facing Raw Milk and Cheese Processors. (Spring, 1997) Cheesemakers' Journal, issue 34. . Associations between Breed, Age, Lactation Number, Days in Milk, Season, Month, and Percent Protein in Goat Milk. (May, 1993) Master's Thesis, Cornell University.

References and sources: 1-'Milk and Dairy Products in Human Nutrition', Prof. Dr. Edmund Renner, 1983. 2-'Breastfeeding', by Ruth Lawrence, 1989. 3-'Nutrition during Lactation', The Institute of Medicine, 1991. 4-'Longitudianl Study of male exlclusively breast - and formula- fed infants and chemical maturation at 2.5 months', a Thesis by Alvarez, 1994. 5-Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin,Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin and choline. A Report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients. Food and Nutrition Board. Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. 1998. 6-Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Food and Nutrition Board. Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. 1997. in North Garden, VA."It must be obvious that liberty necessarily means freedom to choose foolishly as well as wisely;freedom to choose evil as well as good;freedom to suffer the rewards of good judgment, and freedom to suffer the penalties of bad judgment. If this is not true, the word ~FREEDOM~ has no meaning."Please remember that there are folks with thoughts and feelings at the other end of your modem.... re-read before you post :-)