Laughter's Link to Health May Be in the Blood

[Guest guest]

By Rob Stein

According to the Bible, " a merry heart doeth good like a medicine. " Now,

modern science may be validating that Old Testament proverb -- a good

laugh may actually help fend off heart attacks and strokes.

" We believe laughing is good for your health, " said of the

University of land School of Medicine in Baltimore, who led the

research. " And we think we have evidence to show why that's the case. "

A growing body of other evidence has suggested that negative emotions,

particularly depression and stress, can be harmful, making people more prone

to illness, more likely to experience suffering from their ailments and less

likely to recover as quickly, or at all. One recent study even found sudden

emotional shock can trigger life-threatening heart symptoms that many

doctors mistake for a classic heart attack. himself, along with his

colleagues, had done a study that found people who have a negative reaction

to social situations tend to be more prone to heart disease.

But far less has been done to examine whether positive emotions can reduce

the risk and complications of illness.

" The focus is always on the negative aspects, " he said. " We thought, 'Why

not look at the opposite?' "

So they decided to examine the ability of blood vessels to expand --

known as vasodilation. Poor vasodilation can increase the risk of heart

attacks and strokes by making the passageways prone to being blocked,

cutting off vital blood flow.

The researchers asked 20 healthy men and women to watch clips of two movies

-- either the violent opening battle scene in the 1998 film " Saving Private

" or a humorous scene from a comedy, such as the 1996 " Kingpin. "

The researchers tested the subjects' vasodilation, before and after the

movie, by constricting and releasing an artery in their arms with a blood

pressure cuff and then using ultrasound to measure how the blood vessels

were functioning.

The researchers discovered striking differences depending on which movie

the volunteers had watched. Blood flow was significantly reduced in 14 of

the 20 volunteers who saw the stressful film. In contrast, blood flow

markedly increased in 19 of the 20 volunteers after watching the funny

movie, the researchers reported last week at a meeting of the American

College of Cardiology in Orlando.

Overall, blood flow decreased by about 35 percent after experiencing stress

but increased 22 percent after laughter -- an improvement equivalent to

that produced by a 15- to 30-minute workout.

" It was a pretty dramatic difference, " said.

Previous research has indicated that stress hormones may be the primary

culprit by which negative emotions harm health. When a person is under

stress, the body pumps out hormones such as adrenalin and cortisol. That is

designed to prime the body for a fight or a flight, but the hormones can

have detrimental effects on the body, including suppressing the immune

system and constricting blood vessels.

and his colleagues hypothesize that laughter may have a contrasting

effect, causing the body to release other natural chemicals known as

endorphins -- pleasure-producing agents best known for producing the

" runner's high " -- that may counteract the effects of stress hormones and

cause blood vessels to dilate.

The researchers acknowledge they are still a long way from proving their

hypothesis or fully understanding the process, but they say the theory makes

sense.

" Conceivably, when you laugh you send a signal to the brain to release

these endorphins, and these may activate receptors to release other

chemicals, perhaps including nitric oxide, which is known to enhance blood

vessel dilation, " said.

Laughter may also use similar mechanisms to help boost the immune system

and reduce the amount of inflammation in the body, which has been linked to

an increased risk of a host of health problems, said Lee Berk, an associate

professor of health promotion and education who studies laughter at Loma

University in California.

" Laughter is not dissimilar from exercise, " Berk said. " It's not going to

cure someone from stage three cancer, but in terms of prevention it does

make sense. In a sense, we have our own apothecary on our shoulders.

Positive emotions such as laughter affect your biology. "

Other researchers said the findings add new insight into the interplay of

emotions and health.

" This is just the latest example of the importance of the mind-body

relationship, " said Herbert Benson, who studies emotions and health at

Harvard Medical School. " This shows that we have to look not only towards

how to reduce stress but how we can elicit positive feelings, as well. "

Heart specialists agreed.

" We've known that there's an association between state of mind and

cardiovascular health, " said Stuart Seides, associate director of cardiology

at Washington Hospital Center. " This type of study gives us a peek into the

mechanism. "

Provine, a University of land psychologist who also studies

laughter, was somewhat more cautious. It remains unclear whether the act of

laughter was really at work in the movie-watching volunteers, since the

researchers did not actually measure how much they laughed, he said.

" The results could be the result of just the act of watching the movie. Or

maybe it's just the act of engaging in something interesting that doesn't

cause stress, " Provine said.

acknowledged he has no way to know for sure that laughing per se

produced the effect he measured.

" Is it laughing or just feeling good? We don't know at this time. But

clearly laughter is an active process, and probably a good belly laugh will

be better than just smiling. I think this active process helps release

endorphins, " he said.

Provine, despite his doubts about the study, is all for laughter.

" I strongly recommend laughter, based on the fact that a life of laughter

is better than one without it, " Provine said. " It feels better when you do

it. "

envisions a time when doctors might recommend that everyone get 15

to 20 minutes of laughter a day in the same way they recommend at least 30

minutes of daily exercise.

" Wouldn't it be ironic if it turns out that laughing 15 to 20 minutes a day

would be added as part of overall good health habits, like running? "

asked.

He added that he would not recommend that people replace their daily trips

to the gym with a Marx Brothers movie, but they could consider adding

activities that make them laugh.

" There's no downside that I know of to laughing, " said. " Based on

these results, I am happy to recommend laughing to my patients. "