Cancer is a man-made disease, controversial study claims

[Guest guest]

Cancer is a man-made disease, controversial study claims

Rarity of cancer in Egyptian mummies suggests modern environmental factors

By Q. Choi LiveScience 10/15/2010 11:51:05 AM ET

Is the common nature of cancer worldwide purely a man-made phenomenon? That is

what some researchers now suggest.

Still, other specialists in cancer and in human fossils have strong doubts about

this notion.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for roughly one in

eight of all deaths in 2004, according to the World Health Organization.

However, scientists have only found one case of the disease in investigations of

hundreds of Egyptian mummies, researcher lie at the University of

Manchester in England said in a statement. (The researchers did not reply to

repeated queries made via phone and e-mail.)

The rarity of cancer in mummies suggests it was scarce in antiquity, and " that

cancer-causing factors are limited to societies affected by modern

industrialization, " researcher Zimmerman at Villanova University in

Pennsylvania said in a statement. " In an ancient society lacking surgical

intervention, evidence of cancer should remain in all cases. "

Zimmerman was the first to diagnose cancer in an Egyptian mummy by analyzing its

tissues on a microscopic level, identifying rectal cancer in an unnamed mummy

who had lived in the Dakhleh Oasis during the Ptolemaic period 1,600 to 1,800

years ago.

and Zimmerman also analyzed ancient literature from Egypt and Greece for

hints of cancer, as well as medical studies of human and animal remains going

back to the age of dinosaurs. They suggested evidence of cancer in animal

fossils, non-human primates and early humans was scarce, with a few dozen

uncertain examples. As they analyzed ancient literature, they did not find

descriptions of operations for breast and other cancers until the 17th century,

and the first reports in the scientific literature of distinctive tumors have

only occurred in the past 200 years, such as scrotal cancer in chimney sweepers

in 1775, nasal cancer in snuff users in 1761 and Hodgkin's disease in 1832.

One possible reason cancers might have been comparatively rare in antiquity is

that the short life span of individuals back then precluded the development of

the disease. Still, the researchers did note some people in ancient Egypt and

Greece did live long enough to develop such diseases as atherosclerosis, Paget's

disease of bone, and osteoporosis.

'Sin' of modern societies

and Zimmerman therefore argue that cancer nowadays is largely caused by

man-made environmental factors such as pollution and diet. They detailed their

findings in the October issue of the journal Nature Reviews Cancer.

" In industrialized societies, cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as

a cause of death, but in ancient times, it was extremely rare, " said in a

statement. " There is nothing in the natural environment that can cause cancer. "

Despite that statement, dinosaurs did develop cancer well before humans were on

the scene. Also, others argue the short life spans of antiquity could be a

profoundly effective reason as to why cancer might have been rare then.

" Cancer is very rare in modern societies in humans under age 30, " oncologist Dr.

Glaspy at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center told LiveScience. " In

ancient times, people rarely lived to be much older than that. So cancer was

rare. The 'sin' of modern societies is having people live to be much older. "

Another concern when examining the fossil record is that skeletal remains might

not preserve cancers very well. " To see cancers with the skeletal record, you

really have to have a tumor that's affecting bone, " paleoanthropologist

Hawks at the University of Wisconsin at Madison said in a phone interview.

" Although there might be few confirmed diagnoses of tumors in bones, it's

because cancer is a difficult diagnosis to make from bone. "

Hawks did note that modern lifestyles could certainly lead to much higher rates

of cancer than in the past, but not necessarily due to pollution.

" When it comes to cancers such as breast cancer, we know the age that a woman

first has children or not makes a lot of difference in whether they get breast

cancer, and back then people had children early, which would have put them into

a lower-risk category, " Hawks said.

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39687039/ns/health-cancer/